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50 Bài tập Viết lại câu Tiếng Anh ôn thi HSG có đáp án chi tiết I Lý thuyết 1 Các dạng viết lại câu trong Tiếng Anh 1 1 Chuyển câu chủ động thành câu bị động Cấu trúc câu chủ động S1 + Verb + Object[.]
50 Bài tập Viết lại câu Tiếng Anh ôn thi HSG có đáp án chi tiết I Lý thuyết Các dạng viết lại câu Tiếng Anh 1.1 Chuyển câu chủ động thành câu bị động Cấu trúc câu chủ động: S1 + Verb + Object (S2) Cấu trúc câu bị động: S2 + to be + V3/ed Các bước chuyển đổi từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động ngược lại Bước 1: Xác định tân ngữ câu chủ động, chuyển thành chủ ngữ câu bị động Bước 2: Xác định (tense) câu chủ động chuyển động từ thể bị động Bước 3: Chuyển đổi chủ ngữ câu chủ động thành tân ngữ cách thêm “by” phía trước Bạn lược bớt chủ ngữ không xác định như: by them, by people… Ví dụ: Ví dụ 1: He gave me a gift card yesterday => I was given a gift card by him yesterday (Hôm qua anh đưa thẻ quà tặng => Tôi anh đưa thẻ quà tặng vào hôm qua.) Ví dụ 2: My father waters this flower every morning => This flower is watered (by my father) every morning (Ba tưới nước cho hoa vào buổi sáng => Bông hoa tưới nước (bởi ba tôi) vào buổi sáng.) 1.2 Chuyển câu trực tiếp gián tiếp Ví dụ 1: “Stop smoking here, please!” the security man said => The security man asked him to stop smoking there (Bảo vệ nhắc: “Vui lịng khơng hút thuốc đây!” => Bảo vệ nhắc khơng hút thuốc đó.) Ví dụ 2: Tom asked: ‘Will you help me, please?’ => Tom asked me to help him (Tom nhờ: “Bạn giúp không?” => Tom nhờ giúp anh ấy.) Cấu trúc câu tường thuật dạng bị động Câu chủ động Câu bị động People say + S + V + … It be said that + S + V S + be said to + V to have V3/-ed Ví dụ: People say he is a very intelligent person (Mọi người nói anh người thông minh.) ⇔ It is said that he is a very intelligent person (Người ta nói anh người thông minh.) ⇔ He is said to be a very intelligent person (Anh cho người thông minh.) ⇔ He is said to have been a very intelligent person (Anh cho người thông minh.) 1.3 Sử dụng từ ngữ cấu trúc viết lại câu khác Ví dụ 1: No one in my family is taller than Nam => Nam is the tallest in my family (Không nhà cao Nam => Nam cao nhà tơi.) Ví dụ 2: Although she is old, she can compute very fast => Despite/ In spite of her old age, she can compute very fast 1.4 Cấu trúc câu so sánh Câu so sánh tiếng Anh có dạng viết lại sau: Chuyển đổi từ câu so sánh sang so sánh ngược lại Ví dụ: To me, my mom is the most wonderful woman (Với tôi, mẹ người phụ nữ tuyệt vời nhất.) ⇔ To me no other woman can be more wonderful than my mom (Với tơi, khơng có người phụ nữ tuyệt vời mẹ tôi.) Chuyển đổi từ câu so sánh sang so sánh ngược lại Ví dụ: I’m not as tall as Mike (Tôi không cao Mike.) ↔ Mike is taller than me (Mike cao tôi.) 1.5 Cấu trúc câu đề nghị Cấu trúc viết lại câu câu đề nghị: Let’s + V ⇔ Shall we + V ⇔ How/What about + V-ing ⇔ Why don’t we + V ⇔ In my opinion ⇔S + suggest + that + S + mệnh đề tại Ví dụ: Let’s have dinner together! (Hãy ăn tối nhau!) ⇔ Shall we have dinner together? (Chúng ta ăn tối chứ?) ⇔ How about having dinner together? (Ăn tối sao?) ⇔ What about having dinner together? ( Ăn tối sao?) ⇔ In my opinion, have dinner together (Theo tôi, ăn tối nhau.) ⇔ I suggest that we have dinner together (Tôi đề nghị nên ăn tối nhau.) 1.6 Cấu trúc câu ước Cấu trúc viết lại câu với câu ước có dạng: – Ở tương lai: S + wish + someone + would/could + V (nguyên mẫu) ⇔ If only + S + would/could + V (nguyên mẫu) Ví dụ: I wish I would be a doctor in the future (Tôi ước bác sĩ tương lai.) ⇔ If only I would be a doctor in the future (Giá bác sĩ tương lai) – Ở tại: S + wish(es) + S + Ved (thì khứ đơn) ⇔ If only + S+ Ved (thì q khứ đơn) Ví dụ: I wish I could have a car (Tơi ước tơi có xe hơi.) ⇔ If only I had a car (Giá tơi có tơ.) – Ở khứ: S + wish(es) + S + had + V (P2) S + wish(es) + S + could have + V (P2) ⇔ If only + S + V (P2) Ví dụ: I wish I had passed my driving exam (Tôi ước vượt qua kỳ thi lái xe tôi.) ⇔ I wish I could have passed my driving exam (Tơi ước tơi vượt qua kỳ thi lái xe tôi.) ⇔ If only I passed my driving exam (Giá tơi vượt qua kỳ thi lái xe mình.) 1.7 Cấu trúc nguyên nhân, Cấu trúc viết lại câu cấu trúc nguyên nhân, kết tiếng Anh: Because, Since, As + S + V + … ⇔ Because of, As a result of, Due to + N/ V-ing Ví dụ: Because it’s raining now, I can’t play soccer (Vì trời mưa nên tơi khơng thể chơi bóng đá.) ⇔ Because of the rain, I can’t play soccer (Nếu tơi có đủ tiền, tơi mua áo đó.) 1.8 Cấu trúc so… that, such …that, too…to Cấu trúc viết lại câu với “so… that”, “such… that” “too… to”(mang nghĩa … mà) kèm với tính từ hay danh từ: S + V + so + Adj + that… ⇔ It + be + such + N + that… ⇔ too + Adj (for sbd) + to V Ví dụ: This song is so bad that I can’t listen anymore.(Bài tệ đến mức nghe nữa.) ⇔ It is such song that I can’t listen anymore (Đó hát mà nghe nữa.) ⇔ This song is too for me bad to listen to anymore.(Bài hát tệ để nghe ) Xem thêm: Tổng hợp cấu trúc So that Such that chi tiết 1.9 Cấu trúc “It takes time ………… ” Viết lại câu với cấu trúc “it takes time” mang nghĩa dành/tốn thời gian làm S + V + … + time ⇔ It takes/took + someone + time + to V Ví dụ: I go from home to school in 25 minutes (Bài tệ đến mức nghe nữa.) ⇔ It takes me 25 minutes to get from home to school (Tôi 25 phút để từ nhà đến trường.) 1.10 Cấu trúc “This is the first time ………………” This is the first time + S + has/have + V3/-ed ⇔ S + has/have + never (not) + V3/-ed + before Ví dụ: This is the first time meeting someone as kind as him (Đây lần gặp người tốt anh ấy.) ⇔ I have never met someone as kind as him before (Tôi chưa gặp tốt anh trước đây.) Xem thêm: Phân biệt cấu trúc Spend Take đơn giản tiếng Anh 1.11 Cấu trúc it’s time/ it’s high time/ it’s about time S + should/ought to/had better + V … ⇔ It’s (high/about) time + S + V2/-ed … Ví dụ: You’d better come back home (Tốt hết bạn nên trở nhà.) ⇔ It’s time you came back home (Đã đến lúc bạn trở nhà) ⇔ It’s high time you came back home (Đã đến lúc bạn làm tập nhà.) ⇔ It’s about time you came back home (Đã đến lúc bạn làm tập nhà.) 1.12 Cấu trúc too to … enough Cấu trúc “too to” (mang nghĩa không thể) dùng để thay cho cấu trúc enough: S + V + too + Adj + to V ⇔ S + not + Adj (ngược lại) + enough + to V Ví dụ: I am too fat to wear that shirt (Tôi béo để mặc áo đó.) ⇔ I’m not thin enough to wear that shirt (Tôi không đủ gầy để mặc áo đó.) Cấu trúc trái ngược 1.13 Cấu trúc viết lại câu tiếng Anh có chứa từ cụm từ trái ngược (mặc dù): Though/Although/Even though + S + V + … ⇔ In spite of/Despite + N/ V-ing Ví dụ: Although I was sick, I still went to work (Dù ốm làm.) ⇔ In spite of being sick, I still went to work (Mặc dù bị bệnh, làm.) Xem thêm: Phân biệt cấu trúc Despite , In spite of, Although, Though, Even though 1.14 Một số cấu trúc viết lại câu khác Bên cạnh cấu trúc viết lại câu kể trên, tiếng Anh số cấu trúc khác đặc biệt Hãy khám phá xem nhé: Cấu trúc it is necessary that Need to V ⇔ It is (not) necessary (for sbd) + to V Ví dụ: I need to go to the hospital now ⇔ It is necessary for me to go to the hospital now (Tôi cần phải đến bệnh viện bây giờ.) – Các cấu trúc với more Not…any more ⇔ S + no more + V ⇔ No longer + đảo ngữ Ví dụ: We don’t talk anymore ⇔ We no more talk ⇔ No longer we talk anymore (Chúng ta khơng nói chuyện nữa.) – Cấu trúc used to, accustomed to S + be used to + N/V-ing ⇔ S + be accustomed to + N/V-ing Ví dụ: I am used to having my mother around ⇔ I am accustomed to having my mother around (Tơi quen với việc có mẹ bên.) – Sử dụng to infinitive thay cho cấu trúc because S + V + because + S + V ⇔ S + V + to V Ví dụ: I work hard because I want to exceed KPIs (Tôi làm việc chăm tơi muốn vượt qua KPI.) ⇔ I work hard to exceed KPIs (Tôi làm việc chăm để vượt KPI.) Những cấu trúc viết lại câu Tiếng Anh Dưới nội dung tổng hợp 30 cấu trúc viết lại câu phổ biến Tiếng Anh Các em lưu ý ghi nhớ chúng để vận dụng vào phần thực hành to give a cry = to cry: khóc to give thought to = to think about: nghĩ to have a look at (n) = to look at (v): nhìn vào to have knowledge of = to know (about): biết to desire to = have a desire to: khao khát, mong muốn to have a tendency to = to tend to: có khuynh hướng to have a talk with = to talk to: nói chuyện to have a drink = to drink: uống to have interest in = to be interested in: thích because of + N = because + clause : to have a wish / to express a wish = to wish: ao ước to be aware of = understand: hiểu, nhận thức to be possible = can = tobe able to: làm to have a photograph of = to photograph: chụp ảnh S + be + supposed to something = it’s one’s duty to something: có nghĩa vụ làm to give a laugh at = to laugh at: cười nhạo there is no point in doing something = to be not worth doing something: khơng đáng để làm to give warning = to warn: báo động, cảnh báo to have intention of + V – ing = to intend to +inf : dự định manage to something = to succeed in doing something: làm việc thành cơng to have a discussion about = to discuss something: thảo luận to give an explanation for = to explain something: giải thích to make a decision to = to decide to: định to give somebody a call = to call somebody: gọi điện cho… to give somebody a ring = to ring somebody: gọi điện it appears that = it seems that = it is likely that = it look as if/though: dường như, to make an effort to/ to make an attempt to = to try to (+inf): cố gắng like = enjoy = to be interested in = keen on = fond of something: u thích to have a meeting with somebody = to meet somebody: gặp S + often + V = S + be accustomed to + Ving = S + be used to +Ving /N: thường/quen với làm although + clause = in spite of + N = despite + N: mặc dù, bất chấp Chú ý quan trọng viết lại câu Tiếng Anh Về thì: Câu viết lại phải với câu cho, ví dụ: Câu chủ động đơn câu bị động phải khứ đơn, không dùng tương lai tiếp diễn hay khứ tiếp diễn Về ngữ pháp: Câu viết lại phải ngữ pháp phải xác định chủ ngữ, tân ngữ Về nghĩa: Câu viết lại phải mang nghĩa giống với câu ban đầu II Bài tập viết lại câu Tiếng Anh Bài tập 1: a/ I can’t go to work on time because it rains so heavily => …I can’t go to work on time because of the heavy rain b/ I often played kite flying when I was a child => …I used to play kite flying when I was a child c/ We discuss about environmental change issues => d/ It appears that it is raining => …………………………………… She wasn’t so deaf/hard of hearing that she couln’t hear the phone Mrs Jones is the most generous person you will/could ever meet/ (be likely) to meet I was allowed to go abroad alone for the first time last year If he hadn’t been so imcompetent they wouldn’t have been captured I have no intention of giving you any more money Exercise 6: I don’t think there will be any applicants for this post (likelihood) It was difficult for Susan to believe the good news (hardly) You must make allowances for his inexperience (account) This contract is not binding until we both sign it (bound) He wasn’t to blame for the accident (fault) You shouldn’t take his help for granted (assume) Đáp án: There is little/no likelihood that there will be applicants for this post Susan could hardly believe the good news You must take his experience into account/ You must take account of his experience Neither (one) of us is bound by this contract until we both sign it The accident was not his fault You should /do not assume (that) he will help you Exercise 7: Our hotel booking hasn’t been confirmed ⇒ We haven’t received The sales man told me that my new car would be delivered Wednesday. ⇒ According The Yeti has very rarely been seen at this altitude. ⇒ There have next It’s not certain that Jones will get the job. ⇒ It is open Everyone started complaining the moment the announcement was made. ⇒ No sooner As I get older, I want to travel less. ⇒ The older A house in that district will cost you at least 100,000$. ⇒ You won’t be able Alan worked too hard at the office, and this led to his illness. ⇒ Alan’s illness Đáp án: We haven’t received confirmation of/about our hotel booking (yet) According to the salesman my new car would/will be delivered next Wednesday There have been very few sightings of the Yeti at this altitude It is open to question (as to) whether Jones will get the job No sooner had the announcement been made than everyone started complaining The older I get the less I want to travel You won’t be able to buy/get a house in that district for less than/under $100.000 Alan’s illness was caused by/brought about/due to/the result of his working too hard at the office Exercise 8: Mr Bill managed to repair the garage roof only because his neighbor helped him (without) Nobody is infallible (mistakes) The last Olympic Games were held in Seoul (took) He talked about nothing except the weather (sole) In the end, I felt I had been right to leave the club (regrets) It is stuped of you to refuse Richard’s offer of a loan (idiot) The company has decided to replace this model (intention) In the next few years we’ll probably hear a lot more about environmental pollution (likely) Đáp án: Without the help of his neighbor, Mr Bill would/could not/never have repairted the garage roof We all make mistakes/ Everyone makes mistakes/Everyone can make mistakes The last Olympic Games took place in Seoul His sale topic/subject of conversation was the weather I had no regrets about/on/over leaving the club in the end You are an idiot to refuse Richard’s offer of a loan It’s the company’s intention to replace this model We’re likely to hear a lot more about environmental pollution in the next few years Exercise : Keeping calm is the secret of passing your driving test ⇒ As long as Immediately after his appointment to the post, the new editor fell ill. ⇒ No sooner The protest has been so vociferous that the committee has had to reconsider. ⇒ There has been You think that fat people are always jolly but you are wrong. ⇒ Contrary My boss works better when he’s pressed for time. ⇒ The less The patient recovered more rapidly than expected. ⇒ The patient made There isn’t a pair of thermal socks left in the shop, Madam. ⇒ We are completely Their chances of success are small. ⇒ It is not Đáp án: As long as you (can) keep/stay calm, you will/should/ought to pass your driving test No sooner had he been/was he appointed to the post than the new editor fell ill There has been such a vociferous protest that the committee has had to reconsider Contrary to your belief/opinion, fat people are not always jolly The less time my boss has, the better he works The patient made a more rapid/a quicker/faster recovery than expected We are completely (sold) out of thermal socks, Madam It is not (very) likely (that) they will succeed Exercise 10: Their problems are all self-inflicted (making) The travel agent was able to offer a 50% reductionon holidays to the Costa Brava (half) If you take that job, you’ll have to get up at a.m every morning (mean) The only thing they could was to look for a new flat (alternative) His last letter to me was written three years ago (heard) If only one could rely on what she says (pity) An open fire can’t be compared to central heating (comparison) I remember very few things about my childhood (scarcely) Đáp án: Their problems are all of their own making The travel agent was able to offer half-price holidays to the Costa Brava Taking that job will mean (that) you’ll have to get up at 6a.m every morning They had no alternative but to look for a new flat I haven’t heard from him for years/I last heard from him years ago It’s a pity (that) one/we cannot rely on what she says There is no comparison between an open fire and central heating I can scarcely remember anything /a thing about my childhood Exercise 11 : The rail workers not intend to call off their strike ⇒ The rail workers have no Mrs Scott is proud of her cooking. ⇒ Mrs Scott prides It was the goalkeeper who saved the match for us. ⇒ If it hadn’t It wasn’t a bit surprised to hear that Karen had changed her job. ⇒ It came You can try to get Tim to lend you his car but you won’t succeed. ⇒ There’s no point John didn’t celebrate until he received the offer of promotion in writing. ⇒ Not until I don’t really like her, even though I admire her achevements. ⇒ Much It’s thought that the accident was caused by human error. ⇒ The accident Đáp án: The rail workers have no intention of calling off their strike Mrs Scott prides herself on her cooking/on being a good cook If it hadn’t been for the goalkeeper we could/would have lost the match It came as no surprise (to me) (to hear) that Karen had changed her job There’s no point (in) (you/your) trying to get Tim to lend you his car/to borrow Tim’s car Not until John (had) received the offer of promotion in writing did he celebrate Much as I admire her achievements, I don’t really like her The accidient is thought/believed to have been caused by human error Exercise 12: Some people say that Tsiolkovsky invented the space rocket (credited) I daren’t turn on the TV because the baby might wake up (fear) Some people will anything to lose weight (lengths) The two theories appear to be completely different (common) Several members of the committee said they were worried abot the chairman’s proposals (concern) The river Volta overflowed last year (burst) He doesn’t appreciate his wife (granted) The number of people out of work has been going down little by little (gradual) Đáp án: Tsiolkovsky is/has been credited with the invention of the space rocket I daren’t turn on the TV for fear of waking up the baby Some people will any/great leangs to lose weight