Iec 62396-1-2016.Pdf

IEC 62396 1 Edition 2 0 201 6 01 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Process management for avionics – Atmospheric radiation effects – Part 1 Accommodation of atmospheric radiation effects via single event effects[.]

I EC 62396-1 ® Ed i ti on 201 6-01 IN TERN ATION AL STAN DARD colour i n sid e Process managemen t for avi on i cs – Atm osph eri c radi ati on effects – Part : Accomm odati on of atm osph eri c radi ati on effects vi a si ngl e even t effects I E C 62 396-1 : 01 6-01 (en ) wi th i n avi on i cs el ectron i c equ i pmen t Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission T H I S P U B L I C AT I O N I S C O P YRI G H T P RO T E C T E D C o p yri g h t © I E C , G e n e v a , S wi tz e rl a n d Al l or ri g h ts by re s e rve d an y e i th e r m eans, IEC c o p y ri g h t yo u r IEC 3, or or l ocal I EC C e n t l ru e de CH -1 21 I E C's h a ve U n l es s o th e rwi s e e l e c t ro n i c or m em be r an N ati o n a l e n q u i ry m em be r s p e c i fi e d , m e ch a n i c a l , a bo u t N a ti o n a l no p a rt i n cl u d i n g C o m m i t te e o b ta i n i n g C o m m i tt e e th e p u b l i c a ti o n c o u n t ry a d d i ti o n a l fo r O ffi c e in of th i s p h o t o c o p yi n g fu rt h e r ri g h t s an d of th e to th i s Tel : + 41 22 91 02 1 F a x: +41 22 91 03 00 G e n e va i n fo @ i e c c h 20 be re p ro d u c e d re q u e s t e r wi t h o u t If p u b l i c a ti o n , yo u h a ve pl eas e or u ti l i z e d p e rm i s s i o n an y c o n t a ct in in q u e s ti o n s th e an y fo rm wri t i n g fro m ab o u t a d d re s s I EC bel ow or i n fo rm a t i o n V a re m b é S wi t ze rl a n d m ay m i c ro fi l m , www i e c c h Ab ou t th e I E C Th e I n t e rn a ti o n a l I n t e rn a t i o n a l E l e c t ro t e c h n i c a l S t a n d a rd s fo r al l Com m i ssi o n e l e c t ri c a l , (I E C ) e l e c t ro n i c and is th e re l a t e d l ea d i n g g l obal o rg a n i z a t i o n th a t p re p a re s an d pu bl i sh es tech n o l o g i es Ab o u t I E C p u b l i ca ti o n s Th e tech n i cal l ates t e d i ti o n , co n te n t a of IEC c o rri g e n d a p u b l i c a ti o n s or an is ke p t am en d m en t u n d er might c o n s ta n t h a ve been I E C C atal og u e - webs tore i ec ch /catal og u e Th e s ta n d - a l o n e b i b l i o g p h i ca l Te ch n i ca l a p p l i cati o n i n fo rm ati o n on S p eci fi cati o n s , d o cu m e n ts Ava i l a b l e fo r fo r I EC PC, M ac th e I n te rn a ti o n a l An d ro i d e n ti re S ta n d a rd s , Re p o rts OS, an d o th e r Ta b l ets an d i Pad a d va n ce d va ri e ty of s e a rch e n a b l es cri te ri a com m i tte e , … ) an d th e Th e wo rl d ' s e l e ctri ca l wi th d wn It to (re fe re n ce al so g i ve s fi n d I EC i n fo rm ati o n on P l e as e m a ke s u re th a t yo u h a ve th e E n g l i sh an d l an g u ag es on l i n e co n ta i n i n g F re n ch , Al s o wi th kn o wn as d i cti o n a ry 20 00 e q u i va l e n t th e of te rm s e l e ctro n i c an d te rm s I n te rn a ti o n a l an d d efi n i ti o n s in in a d d i ti o n a l E l ectro tech n i ca l on l i n e I E C G l os s ary - s td i ec ch /g l os s ary p u b l i ca ti o n s n u m b e r, I EC l ead i n g te rm s Vo ca b u l a ry (I E V) I E C pu bl i cati on s s earch - www i ec ch /s earch pu b Th e by E l ectroped i a - www el ectroped i a org co n s u l ti n g Te ch n i ca l re vi e w pu bl i sh ed te xt, by a tech n i cal p ro j e cts , re p l a ce d 65 000 F re n ch I EC e l e ctro te ch n i ca l e xtra cte d p u b l i cati o n s co l l ecte d p u b l i ca ti o n s from from i ss u ed e a rl i e r te rm i n o l o g y th e Te rm s s i n ce 2002 p u b l i ca ti o n s e n tri e s an d S om e of in En g li sh D e fi n i ti o n s I EC e n tri es TC 37, an d cl a u s e h a ve 7, of been 86 an d C I S P R I E C J u s t Pu bl i s h ed - webs tore i ec ch /j u s tpu bl i s h ed S ta y up d e ta i l s al so to al l o n ce d ate n ew a on al l n ew p u b l i cati o n s m o n th b y em a i l I EC p u b l i ca ti o n s re l ea s e d J ust Ava i l a b l e P u bl i sh ed on l i n e an d I E C C u s tom er S ervi ce C en tre - webs tore i ec ch /cs c If yo u n eed wi s h C e n tre : Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission to g i ve us fu rth e r a ss i s ta n ce , csc@ i ec ch yo u r fe e d b a ck p l e as e ta ct on th e th i s p u b l i ca ti o n or C u s tom e r S e rvi ce I E C 62 39 6-1 ® Ed i ti on 201 6-01 I N TE RN ATI ON AL S TAN DARD colour i n sid e P rocess m an ag em en t for avi on i cs – Atm os ph eri c rad i ati on effects – P art : Accom m od ati on of atm os ph eri c rad i ati on effects vi a s i n g l e even t effects wi th i n avi on i cs el ectron i c eq u i pm en t I N TERN ATI ON AL ELECTROTECH N I CAL COM MI SSI ON I CS 03 00 50; 31 020; 49 060 I SB N 978-2-8322-3078-7 Warn i n g ! M ake s u re th at you obtai n ed th i s pu bl i cati on from an au th ori zed d i stri bu tor ® Reg i stered trad emark of th e I n ternati on al El ectrotech ni cal Commi ssi on Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission – – I EC 62396-1 : 201  I EC 201 C O N TE N TS F O R E W O RD I N T RO D U C T I O N S cope N o rm a ti ve re fe re n ce s T e rm s a n d d e fi n i ti o n s Ab b re vi a ti o n s a n d a cro n ym s Ra d i a ti o n e n vi ro n m e n t o f th e a tm o s p h e re Ra d i a ti o n g e n e ti o n E ffe ct o f s e c o n d a ry p a rti cl e s o n a vi o n i cs Atm o s p h e ri c n e u tro n s G e n e l Atm o s p h e ri c n e u tro n s e n e rg y s p e c tru m a n d S E E c ro s s - s e cti o n s 2 3 Al ti tu d e va ri a ti o n o f a tm o s p h e ri c n e u tro n s L a ti tu d e va ri a ti o n o f a tm o s p h e ri c n e u tro n s 5 T h e rm a l n e u tro n s wi th i n a i rcra ft S e co n d a ry p ro to n s 5 O th e r p a rti c l e s S o l a r e n h a n c e m e n ts H i g h a l ti tu d e s g re a te r th a n 0 0 ft ( m ) E ffe cts o f a tm o s p h e ri c d i a ti o n o n a vi o n i cs T yp e s o f d i a ti o n e ffe cts S i n g l e e ve n t e ffe cts ( S E E s ) G e n e l 2 S i n g l e e ve n t u p s e t ( S E U ) M u l ti p l e b i t u p s e t ( M B U ) a n d m u l ti p l e c e l l u p s e t ( M C U ) S i n g l e e ffe ct tra n s i e n ts ( S E T s ) 3 S i n g l e e ve n t l a tc h - u p ( S E L ) 6 S i n g l e e ve n t fu n c ti o n a l i n te rru p t ( S E F I ) S i n g l e e ve n t b u rn o u t ( S E B ) S i n g l e e ve n t g a te ru p tu re ( S E G R) S i n g l e e ve n t i n d u c e d h a rd e rro r ( S H E ) S E E p o te n ti a l ri s ks b a s e d o n fu tu re te ch n o l o g y T o ta l i o n i s i n g d o s e ( T I D ) 6 D i s p l a ce m e n t d a m a g e G u i d a n ce fo r s ys te m d e s i g n s 7 O ve rvi e w 7 S ys te m d e s i g n H a rd wa re c o n s i d e ti o n s E l e c tro n i c d e vi c e s c h a cte ri s a ti o n a n d co n tro l Ri g o u r a n d d i s c i p l i n e L e ve l A s ys te m s L e ve l B 4 L e ve l C L e ve l s D a n d E D e te rm i n a ti o n o f a vi o n i cs s i n g l e e ve n t e ffe c ts te s Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission I EC 62396-1 : 201 – – M a i n s i n g l e e ve n t e ffe c ts S i n g l e e ve n t e ffe cts wi th l o we r e ve n t te s 4 S i n g l e e ve n t b u rn o u t ( S E B ) a n d s i n g l e e ve n t g a te ru p tu re ( S E G R ) 4 2 S i n g l e e ve n t tra n s i e n t ( S E T ) 4 S i n g l e e ve n t h a rd e rro r ( S H E ) S i n g l e e ve n t l a tc h - u p ( S E L )  I EC 201 S i n g l e e ve n t e ffe cts wi th h i g h e r e ve n t te s – S i n g l e e ve n t u p s e t d a ta G e n e l S E U cro s s - s e c ti o n 3 P ro to n a n d n e u tro n b e a m s fo r m e a s u ri n g S E U cro s s - s e cti o n s S E U p e r b i t cro s s - s e cti o n tre n d s i n S R AM s S E U p e r b i t cro s s - s e cti o n tre n d s a n d o th e r S E E i n D R AM s C a l c u l a ti n g S E E te s i n a vi o n i cs C a l c u l a ti o n o f a va i l a b i l i t y o f fu l l re d u n d a n c y G e n e l S E U wi th m i ti g a ti o n a n d S E T F i rm e rro rs a n d fa u l ts 5 C o n s i d e ti o n s fo r S E E c o m p l i a n c e 5 C o m p l i a n ce 5 C o n fi rm th e d i a ti o n e n vi ro n m e n t fo r th e a vi o n i cs a p p l i ca ti o n 5 I d e n ti fy th e s ys te m d e ve l o p m e n t a s s u n c e l e ve l 5 As s e s s p re l i m i n a ry e l e ctro n i c e q u i p m e n t d e s i g n fo r S E E 5 I d e n ti fy S E E - s e n s i ti ve e l e ctro n i c c o m p o n e n ts 5 Q u a n ti fy S E E te s 5 Ve ri fy th a t th e s ys te m d e ve l o p m e n t a s s u n ce l e ve l re q u i re m e n ts a re m e t fo r S E E 5 C o m b i n e S E E te s fo r th e e n ti re s ys te m 5 9 M a n a g e m e n t o f e l e c tro n i c co m p o n e n ts c o n tro l a n d d e p e n d a b i l i t y C o rre c ti ve a c ti o n s An n e x A ( i n fo rm a ti ve ) T h e rm a l n e u tro n a s s e s s m e n t An n e x B ( i n fo rm a ti ve ) M e th o d s fo r c a l c u l a ti n g S E E te s i n a vi o n i cs e l e c tro n i cs B P ro p o s e d i n - th e - l o o p s ys te m te s t – I rra d i a ti n g a vi o n i cs L RU i n n e u tro n /p ro to n b e a m , wi th o u u t fe d i n to a i rcra ft s i m u l a ti o n c o m p u te r B I rra d i a ti n g a vi o n i cs L R U i n a n e u tro n /p ro to n b e a m B U ti l i s i n g e xi s ti n g S E E d a ta fo r s p e c i fi c e l e c tro n i c c o m p o n e n ts o n L RU B N e u tro n p ro to n d a ta B B H e a v y i o n d a ta Ap p l yi n g g e n e ri c S E E d a ta to a l l e l e c tro n i c co m p o n e n ts o n L R U B C o m p o n e n t l e ve l l a s e r s i m u l a ti o n o f s i n g l e e ve n t e ffe cts B D e te rm i n a ti o n o f S E U te fro m s e rvi c e m o n i to ri n g An n e x C ( i n fo rm a ti ve ) C R e vi e w o f te s t fa c i l i t y a va i l a b i l i t y F a c i l i ti e s i n th e U S A a n d C a n a d a C N e u tro n fa c i l i ti e s C P ro to n fa c i l i ti e s 6 C L a s e r fa c i l i ti e s C F a c i l i ti e s i n E u ro p e C N e u tro n fa c i l i ti e s C 2 P ro to n fa c i l i ti e s C L a s e r fa c i l i ti e s Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission – – An n e x D ( i n fo rm a ti ve ) I EC 62396-1 : 201 T a b u l a r d e s cri p ti o n o f va ri a ti o n o f a tm o s p h e ri c  I EC 201 n e u tro n fl u x wi th a l ti tu d e a n d l a ti tu d e An n e x E ( i n fo rm a ti ve ) C o n s i d e ti o n o f e ffe cts a t h i g h e r a l ti tu d e s An n e x F ( i n fo rm a ti ve ) P re d i c ti o n o f S E E te s fo r i o n s An n e x G ( i n fo rm a ti ve ) L a te n e ws a s o f o n S E E cro s s - s e cti o n s a p p l i c a b l e to th e a tm o s p h e ri c n e u tro n e n vi ro n m e n t G.1 S E E cro s s - s e cti o n s ke y to S E E te c a l c u l a ti o n s G.2 L i m i ta ti o n s i n co m p i l i n g S E E cro s s - s e cti o n d a ta G.3 C ro s s - s e c ti o n m e a s u re m e n ts ( fi g u re s wi th d a ta fro m p u b l i c l i te tu re ) G.4 C o n s e rva ti ve e s ti m a te s o f S E E cro s s - s e cti o n d a ta G G e n e l G S i n g l e e ve n t u p s e t ( S E U ) G M u l ti p l e c e l l u p s e t ( M C U ) G 4 S i n g l e e ve n t fu n c ti o n a l i n te rru p t ( S E F I ) 8 G S i n g l e e ve n t l a tc h - u p ( S E L ) G S i n g l e e ve n t tra n s i e n t ( S E T ) G S i n g l e e ve n t b u rn o u t ( S E B ) An n e x H ( i n fo rm a ti ve ) C a l cu l a ti n g S E E te s fro m n o n - wh i te ( n o n - a tm o s p h e ri c l i ke ) n e u tro n c ro s s - s e c ti o n s fo r s m a l l g e o m e try e l e ctro n i c c o m p o n e n ts H.1 E n e rg y th re s h o l d s H.2 N o m i n a l n e u tro n fl u xe s H.3 C a l c u l a ti n g e ve n t te s u s i n g n o n - a tm o s p h e ri c l i ke cro s s - s e cti o n s fo r s m a l l g e o m e try e l e ctro n i c d e vi ce s B i b l i o g p h y F i g u re – E n e rg y s p e ctru m o f a tm o s p h e ri c n e u tro n s 45° a t 0 0 ft ( m ) , l a ti tu d e 22 F i g u re – M o d e l o f th e a tm o s p h e ri c n e u tro n fl u x va ri a ti o n wi th a l ti tu d e ( s e e An n e x D ) F i g u re – D i s tri b u ti o n o f ve rti c a l ri g i d i t y c u t- o ffs a ro u n d th e wo rl d F i g u re – M o d e l o f a tm o s p h e ri c n e u tro n fl u x va ri a ti o n wi th l a ti tu d e F i g u re – E n e rg y s p e ctru m o f p ro to n s wi th i n th e a tm o s p h e re F i g u re – S ys te m s a fe t y a s s e s s m e n t p ro c e s s F i g u re – S E E i n re l a ti o n to s ys te m a n d L R U e ffe ct F i g u re – Va ri a ti o n o f RAM S E U cro s s - s e cti o n a s fu n c ti o n o f n e u tro n /p ro to n e n e rg y F i g u re – N e u tro n a n d p ro to n S E U b i t c ro s s - s e cti o n d a ta F i g u re – S E U cro s s - s e cti o n i n S RAM s a s fu n cti o n o f th e m a n u fa ctu re d a te F i g u re 1 – S E U cro s s - s e cti o n i n D R AM s a s fu n c ti o n o f m a n u fa c tu re d a te F i g u re E – I n te g l l i n e a r e n e rg y tra n s fe r s p e ctra i n s i l i co n a t 0 0 ft ( m ) fo r cu t- o ff ri g i d i ti e s ( R) fro m G V to G V F i g u re E – I n te g l l i n e a r e n e rg y tra n s fe r s p e ctra i n s i l i co n a t 0 ft ( 2 m ) fo r cu t- o ff ri g i d i ti e s ( R) fro m to G V F i g u re E – I n te g l l i n e a r e n e rg y tra n s fe r s p e ctra i n s i l i co n a t 5 0 ft ( m ) fo r cu t- o ff ri g i d i ti e s ( R) fro m G V to G V 7 F i g u re E – I n fl u e n c e o f s o l a r m o d u l a ti o n o n i n te g l l i n e a r e n e rg y tra n s fe r s p e c tra i n s i l i co n a t 0 0 ft ( m ) fo r c u t- o ff ri g i d i ti e s ( R) of G V an d G V 77 F i g u re E – I n fl u e n c e o f s o l a r m o d u l a ti o n o n i n te g l l i n e a r e n e rg y tra n s fe r s p e c tra i n s i l i co n a t 5 0 ft ( m ) fo r c u t- o ff ri g i d i ti e s ( Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission R) of G V an d G V 78 I EC 62396-1 : 201  I EC 201 – – F i g u re E – C a l cu l a te d c o n tri b u ti o n s fro m n e u tro n s , p ro to n s a n d h e a v y i o n s to th e S E U te s o f th e H i ta ch i - A M b i t S R AM a s a fu n c ti o n o f a l ti tu d e a t a cu t- o ff ri g i d i t y ( R) of G V 79 F i g u re E – C a l cu l a te d c o n tri b u ti o n s fro m n e u tro n s , p ro to n s a n d h e a v y i o n s to th e S E U te s o f th e H i ta ch i - A M b i t S R AM a s a fu n c ti o n ( R) o f a l ti tu d e a t a c u t- o ff ri g i d i t y of G V F i g u re F – E xa m p l e d i ffe re n ti a l L E T s p e c tru m F i g u re F – E xa m p l e i n te g l c h o rd l e n g th d i s tri b u ti o n fo r i s o tro p i c p a rti c l e e n vi ro n m e n t F i g u re G – Va ri a ti o n o f th e h i g h e n e rg y n e u tro n S E U cro s s - s e c ti o n p e r b i t a s a fu n cti o n o f e l e ctro n i c d e vi c e fe a tu re s i ze fo r S RAM s a n d S R AM a rra ys i n m i cro p ro c e s s o rs a n d F P G As F i g u re G – Va ri a ti o n o f th e h i g h e n e rg y n e u tro n S E U cro s s - s e c ti o n p e r b i t a s a fu n cti o n o f e l e ctro n i c d e vi c e fe a tu re s i ze fo r D R AM s F i g u re G – Va ri a ti o n o f th e h i g h e n e rg y n e u tro n S E U cro s s - s e c ti o n d e vi c e a s a fu n cti o n o f e l e ctro n i c d e vi c e fe a tu re s i ze p e r e l e ctro n i c fo r N O R a n d N AN D typ e fl a s h m e m o ri e s F i g u re G – Va ri a ti o n o f th e M C U /S B U p e rc e n ta g e a s a fu n c ti o n o f fe a tu re s i ze b a s e d o n d a ta fro m m a n y re s e a rch e rs i n S R AM s [4 , ] 8 F i g u re G – Va ri a ti o n o f th e h i g h e n e rg y n e u tro n S E F I cro s s - s e cti o n i n D RAM s a s a fu n cti o n o f e l e ctro n i c d e vi c e fe a tu re s i ze F i g u re G – Va ri a ti o n o f th e h i g h e n e rg y n e u tro n S E F I cro s s - s e cti o n i n m i cro p ro c e s s o rs a n d F P G As a s a fu n cti o n o f e l e c tro n i c d e vi c e fe a tu re s i ze F i g u re G – Va ri a ti o n o f th e h i g h e n e rg y n e u tro n s i n g l e e ve n t s e cti o n i n C M O S d e vi c e s ( S R AM s , p ro c e s s o rs ) l a tch - u p ( S E L ) cro s s - a s a fu n cti o n o f e l e ctro n i c d e vi c e fe a tu re s i ze F i g u re G – S i n g l e e ve n t b u rn o u t ( S E B ) cro s s - s e cti o n i n p o we r e l e ctro n i c d e vi c e s ( 0 V to 0 V) a s a fu n c ti o n o f d i n - s o u rce vo l ta g e ( VD S ) T a b l e – N o m e n c l a tu re cro s s re fe re n ce T a b l e B – S o u rce s o f h i g h e n e rg y p ro to n o r n e u tro n S E U cro s s - s e c ti o n d a ta T a b l e B – S o m e m o d e l s fo r th e u s e o f h e a v y i o n S E E d a ta to c a l c u l a te p ro to n S E E d a ta T a b l e D – Va ri a ti o n o f M e V to M e V n e u tro n fl u x i n th e a tm o s p h e re wi th a l ti tu d e T a b l e D – Va ri a ti o n o f M e V to M e V n e u tro n fl u x i n th e a tm o s p h e re wi th l a ti tu d e T a b l e G – I n fo rm a ti o n re l e va n t to n e u tro n - i n d u c e d S E T T a b l e H – Ap p ro xi m a te S E U e n e rg y th re s h o l d s fo r S R AM - b a s e d d e vi ce s T a b l e H – N e u tro n fl u x e s a b o ve d i ffe re n t e n e rg y th re s h o l d s Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission ( 0 0 ft, l a ti tu d e ° ) – – I EC 62396-1 : 201  I EC 201 I N TE RN ATI O N AL E L E C TRO TE C H N I C AL C O M M I S S I O N P ROC E S S M AN AG E M EN T FOR AVI ON I C S – ATM OS P H E RI C RADI ATI ON E FFE C TS – P art : Accom m od ati on of atm os ph eri c rad i ati on e ffects vi a s i n g l e e ven t e ffects wi th i n avi on i cs el e ctron i c eq u i pm e n t F O RE W O RD 1) T h e I n te rn a ti o n a l E l e c t ro t e c h n i c a l C o m m i s s i o n ( I E C ) i s a wo rl d wi d e o rg a n i z a ti o n fo r s t a n d a rd i z a t i o n c o m p ri s i n g al l n a ti o n a l e l e c tro t e c h n i c a l c o m m i t te e s (I E C N ati o n a l C o m m i tt e e s ) Th e o bj ect of I EC is to p ro m o te i n te rn a ti o n a l c o - o p e t i o n o n a l l q u e s t i o n s c o n c e rn i n g s t a n d a rd i za t i o n i n t h e e l e c t ri c a l a n d e l e c tro n i c fi e l d s T o th i s en d and Te ch n i ca l in a d d i ti o n Re p o rts , to o t h e r a c ti vi ti e s , P u bl i cl y Ava i l a b l e IEC pu bl i sh es S p e c i fi c a ti o n s I n te rn a ti o n a l (P AS ) an d S t a n d a rd s , G u i d es T e ch n i ca l ( h e re a ft e r S p e c i fi c a t i o n s , re fe rre d to as “I E C P u b l i c a ti o n ( s ) ” ) T h e i r p re p a t i o n i s e n t ru s t e d t o t e c h n i c a l c o m m i tte e s ; a n y I E C N a ti o n a l C o m m i tte e i n t e re s t e d in th e s u bj ect d eal t wi t h m ay p a rt i c i p a t e in th i s p re p a t o ry wo rk I n t e rn a ti o n a l , g o ve rn m e n t a l an d n on - g o v e rn m e n t a l o rg a n i z a ti o n s l i a i s i n g wi th th e I E C a l s o p a rti c i p a te i n t h i s p re p a ti o n I E C c o l l a b o te s c l o s e l y wi t h th e I n te rn a t i o n a l O rg a n i z a ti o n fo r S t a n d a rd i z a ti o n (I S O) in a c c o rd a n c e wi th d i ti on s d e t e rm i n e d by a g re e m e n t b e t we e n th e t wo o rg a n i za ti o n s 2) T h e fo rm a l d e c i s i o n s o r a g re e m e n ts o f I E C o n t e c h n i c a l m a t te rs e xp re s s , a s n e a rl y a s p o s s i b l e , a n i n t e rn a ti o n a l s en s u s of opi n i on on th e re l e v a n t s u b j e c ts s i n ce e ach te c h n i c a l c o m m i t te e h as re p re s e n t a t i o n fro m al l i n te re s te d I E C N a ti o n a l C o m m i t te e s 3) I E C P u b l i c a t i o n s h a ve th e fo rm o f re c o m m e n d a t i o n s fo r i n t e rn a ti o n a l u s e a n d a re a c c e p t e d by I E C N ati o n a l C o m m i tt e e s i n th a t s e n s e W h i l e a l l re a s o n a b l e e ffo rt s a re m a d e t o e n s u re th a t t h e t e c h n i c a l c o n te n t o f I E C P u b l i c a ti o n s is a c c u te , IEC can n ot be h el d re s p o n s i b l e fo r th e wa y in wh i c h th ey a re u sed or fo r an y m i s i n t e rp re t a t i o n b y a n y e n d u s e r 4) In o rd e r t o p ro m o te t n s p a re n t l y to i n te rn a t i o n a l th e m a xi m u m u n i fo rm i ty, e xt e n t I EC possi bl e in N a ti o n a l th e i r C o m m i tte e s n a ti on al an d u n d e rta ke re g i o n a l to appl y IEC p u b l i c a ti o n s P u b l i cati o n s An y d i v e rg e n c e b e t we e n a n y I E C P u b l i c a ti o n a n d t h e c o rre s p o n d i n g n a ti o n a l o r re g i o n a l p u b l i c a t i o n s h a l l b e c l e a rl y i n d i c a te d i n t h e l a tt e r 5) I E C i t s e l f d o e s n o t p ro vi d e a n y a tt e s t a t i o n o f c o n fo rm i ty a s s e s s m e n t s e rvi c e s a n d , i n s o m e a re a s , I n d e p e n d e n t c e rti fi c a ti o n b o d i e s p ro vi d e c o n fo rm i t y a c c e s s t o I E C m a rk s o f c o n fo rm i ty I E C i s n o t re s p o n s i b l e fo r a n y s e rvi c e s c a rri e d o u t b y i n d e p e n d e n t c e rt i fi c a t i o n b o d i e s 6) 7) Al l u s e rs s h o u l d e n s u re th a t t h e y h a v e t h e l a t e s t e d i ti o n o f th i s p u b l i c a ti o n N o l i a b i l i t y s h a l l a t t a c h to I E C o r i ts d i re c to rs , e m p l o y e e s , s e rva n t s o r a g e n ts i n c l u d i n g i n d i vi d u a l e xp e rts a n d m e m b e rs o f i t s t e c h n i c a l c o m m i tt e e s a n d I E C N a ti o n a l C o m m i t te e s fo r a n y p e rs o n a l i n j u ry, p ro p e rty d a m a g e o r oth e r d am ag e e xp e n s e s of a n y a ri s i n g ou t n a tu re wh a t s o e v e r, wh e th e r d i re c t of p u b l i c a ti o n , u se th e o f, or o r i n d i re c t , re l i a n c e u pon, o r fo r c o s t s th i s I EC (i n cl u d i n g P u b l i c a ti o n or l eg al fe e s ) and any oth e r IEC P u b l i ca ti o n s 8) Atte n ti o n i s d wn t o th e N o rm a t i ve re fe re n c e s c i t e d i n t h i s p u b l i c a t i o n U s e o f t h e re fe re n c e d p u b l i c a ti o n s i s i n d i s p e n s a b l e fo r th e c o rre c t a p p l i c a ti o n o f th i s p u b l i c a t i o n 9) Atte n ti o n i s d wn t o th e p o s s i b i l i t y th a t s o m e o f th e e l e m e n ts o f th i s I E C P u b l i c a ti o n m a y b e t h e s u b j e c t o f p a te n t ri g h t s I E C s h a l l n o t b e h e l d re s p o n s i b l e fo r i d e n t i fyi n g a n y o r a l l s u c h p a t e n t ri g h ts I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd I EC 62396-1 h as been p re p a re d by I EC te c h n i ca l c o m m i tte e 07: P ro ce s s m a n a g e m e n t fo r a vi o n i cs Th i s s e co n d e d i ti o n ca n ce l s an d re p l a ce s th e fi rs t e d i ti o n pu bl i sh ed in 201 Th is e d i ti o n co n s ti tu te s a te c h n i c a l re vi s i o n T h i s e d i ti o n i n c l u d e s th e fo l l o wi n g s i g n i fi c a n t te c h n i c a l c h a n g e s wi th re s p e ct to th e p re vi o u s e d i ti o n : a) re m o ve d , i n C l a u s e re l a te d to s ys te m d e s i g n , re fe re n c e to l e ve l A T yp e I a n d T yp e I I ( s ys te m a n d re fe re n c e s ) As C l a u s e i s n o w fo r g u i d a n c e , ” s h a l l ” s ta te m e n ts h a ve b e e n ch a n g e d to “ s h o u l d ” a n d i n th e re q u i re m e n t fo r e l e ctro n i c co m p o n e n t m a n a g e m e n t i s cl a ri fi e d ; Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission I EC 62396-1 : 201 b)  I EC 201 – – a l l c u rre n t d e fi n i ti o n s i n c l u d e d i n C l a u s e a re th o s e u s e d wi th i n th e I E C fa m i l y o f d o c u m e n ts ; c) i n co rp o te d i n An n e x G re l a te d to n e w te c h n o l o g y o r l a te s t n e ws re fe re n ce to s o m e n e w p a p e rs a n d i s s u e s wh i ch h a ve a p p e a re d s i n c e 1 ; d) s o l a r fl a re s an d e xtre m e space we a th e r re fe re n ce added in to a p ro p o s e d fu tu re P a rt ; e) to a p ro p o s e d n e w P a rt o n i n c o rp o ti n g a tm o s p h e ri c d i a ti o n re fe re n ce a d d e d i n e ffe cts a n a l ys i s i n to th e s ys te m d e s i g n p ro c e s s ; f) re fe re n c e ad ded in d) to a p ro p o s e d fu tu re P a rt on o th e r p a rti c l e s i n cl u d i n g p ro to n s , p i o n s a n d m u o n s ; g) cl a ri fi ca ti o n o n c a l cu l a ti n g e ve n t te s wh e re cro s s - s e cti o n s h a ve b e e n o b ta i n e d wi th n o n a tm o s p h e ri c d i a ti o n l i ke n e u tro n s o u rc e s , a d d i ti o n o f a n e w An n e x H , a n d ch a n g e s to an d T h e te xt o f th i s s ta n d a rd i s b a s e d o n th e fo l l o wi n g d o cu m e n ts : FDI S Re p o rt o n v o t i n g /2 /F D I S / / RVD F u l l i n fo rm a ti o n o n th e vo ti n g fo r th e a p p ro va l o f th i s s ta n d a rd c a n b e fo u n d i n th e re p o rt o n vo ti n g i n d i c a te d i n th e a b o ve ta b l e T h i s p u b l i c a ti o n h a s b e e n d fte d i n a cc o rd a n c e wi th th e I S O /I E C D i re cti ve s , P a rt A l i st of a l l th e p a rts in th e I EC 62 396 s e ri e s , pu bl i sh ed management for avionics – Atmospheric radiation effects , u n d e r th e g e n e l ti tl e Process ca n b e fo u n d o n th e I E C we b s i te T h e co m m i tte e h a s d e ci d e d th a t th e c o n te n ts o f th i s p u b l i c a ti o n wi l l re m a i n u n ch a n g e d u n ti l th e s ta b i l i t y d a te i n d i ca te d on th e I EC we b s i te u n d er " h ttp : //we b s to re i e c c h " in th e d a ta re l a te d to th e s p e ci fi c p u b l i c a ti o n At th i s d a te , th e p u b l i c a ti o n wi l l b e • re co n fi rm e d , • wi th d wn , • re p l a c e d b y a re vi s e d e d i ti o n , o r • am en d ed A b i l i n g u a l ve rs i o n o f th i s p u b l i c a ti o n m a y b e i s s u e d a t a l a te r d a te I M P O R T AN T th a t it – Th e tai n s u n d e rs t a n d i n g c o l o u r p ri n t e r Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission of ' co l ou r i n s i d e' c o l o u rs i ts wh i c h c o n te n ts l og o a re U s e rs on th e co ve r p ag e c o n s i d e re d s h ou l d to t h e re fo re o f th i s be p u b l i c a ti o n u s e fu l p ri n t th i s fo r i n d i cate s th e d o cu m en t c o rre c t u sin g a – – I EC 62396-1 : 201  I EC 201 I N TRO D U C TI O N Th i s i n d u s try- wi d e eq u i pm en t I n te rn a ti o n a l m a n u fa ctu re rs , S ta n d a rd com pon e n t i n fo rm s a vi o n i cs m a n u fa ctu re rs an d s ys te m s th e i r d e s i g n e rs , c u s to m e rs of e l e c tro n i c th e ki n d of i o n i s i n g d i a ti o n e n vi ro n m e n t th a t th e i r d e vi c e s wi l l b e s u b j e c te d to i n a i rcra ft, th e p o te n ti a l e ffe cts th i s d i a ti o n e n vi ro n m e n t c a n h a ve o n th o s e d e vi ce s , a n d s o m e g e n e l a p p ro a c h e s fo r d e a l i n g wi th th e s e e ffe cts T h e s a m e a tm o s p h e ri c d i a ti o n ( n e u tro n s a n d p ro to n s ) th a t i s re s p o n s i b l e fo r th e d i a ti o n e xp o s u re th a t cre w a n d p a s s e n g e rs a c q u i re wh i l e fl yi n g i s a l s o re s p o n s i b l e fo r c a u s i n g th e s i n g l e e ve n t e ffe cts ( S E E ) i n th e a vi o n i cs e l e ctro n i c e q u i p m e n t T h e re h a s b e e n m u ch wo rk ca rri e d o u t o ve r th e l a s t fe w ye a rs re l a te d to th e d i a ti o n e xp o s u re o f a i rcra ft p a s s e n g e rs a n d cre w A s ta n d a rd i s e d i n d u s try a p p ro a c h on th e e ffe ct of th e a tm o s p h e ri c n e u tro n s on e l e c tro n i cs s h o u l d b e vi e we d a s co n s i s te n t wi th , a n d a n e x te n s i o n o f, th e o n - g o i n g a cti vi ti e s re l a te d to th e d i a ti o n e xp o s u re o f a i rcra ft p a s s e n g e rs a n d cre w Atm o s p h e ri c d i a ti o n e ffe cts a re o n e fa c to r th a t co u l d co n tri b u te to e q u i p m e n t h a rd a n d s o ft fa u l t te s F ro m a s ys te m s a fe t y p e rs p e c ti ve , using d e ri ve d fa u l t te va l u e s , th e e x i s ti n g m e th o d o l o g y d e s cri b e d i n AR P A ( a cc o m m o d a ti o n o f h a rd a n d s o ft fa u l t te s i n g e n e l ) wi l l a l s o a cc o m m o d a te a tm o s p h e ri c d i a ti o n e ffe ct te s I n a d d i ti o n , th i s I n te rn a ti o n a l S ta n d a rd re fe rs to th e J E D E C S ta n d a rd J E S D A, wh i c h re l a te s to s o ft e rro rs i n e l e c tro n i cs b y a tm o s p h e ri c d i a ti o n a t g ro u n d l e ve l ( a t a l ti tu d e s l e s s th a n 0 0 ft ( m ) ) Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission – 92 – I EC 62396-1 : 201  I EC 201 o rd e r to p ro vi d e m o re s p e c i fi c g u i d a n ce , a n d th a t i s b e yo n d th e s c o p e o f th i s s ta n d a rd T h e S E T re s p o n s e d a ta va ri e s g re a tl y wi th e l e ctro n i c d e vi c e p a m e te r s e tti n g s , a s we l l a s wi th th e a m p l i tu d e a n d d u ti o n o f th e S E T p u l s e T a b l e G – I n fo rm a ti o n re l e va n t t o n e u t ro n -i n d u c e d S E T E l e c tro n i c d e vi c e E l e c tro n i c d e vi c e t yp e e xa m p l e O p to c o u p l e r cm H CPL52 C o m p a t o r × 10 LM 39 PWM G N e u t S E T X-s e c t, –7 × U C1 84 × 10 H e a v y i o n S E T X -s e c t, ⋅ d e vi c e - –9 to 10 × cm 10 –8 × 10 –1 to × –2 10 –1 × 10 to × –3 10 × 10 –3 [1 ] –4 to [5 ] × 10 –4 [51 ] S i n g l e e v e n t b u rn o u t ( S E B ) S i n g l e e ve n t b u rn o u t ( S E B ) a n d s i n g l e e ve n t g a te ru p tu re ( S E G R) ca n e n e rg y Re f ⋅ d e vi c e – n e u tro n s in p o we r a n d /o r high vo l ta g e e l e c tro n i c d e vi ce s be i n d u ced ( p o we r by high M O SF ETs an d I G B T s ) , b u t e s s e n ti a l l y a l l o f th e m e a s u re d re s p o n s e s a re fo r S E B As d i s cu s s e d i n C l a u s e o f th i s s ta n d a rd a n d a l s o i n I E C - , V p a m e te r i n vo l ve d , DS , th e th e re i s a n a d d i ti o n a l i m p o rta n t e l e c tro n i c d e vi ce d i n - s o u rce vo l ta g e ( V GS , th e g a te s o u rc e vo l ta g e p l a ys ro l e ) P o we r M O S F E T s a re g e n e l l y o p e te d a t a d e te d c o n d i ti o n , i e , o p e te d a t a th a t i s l o we r th a n th e te d V DS no V DS o f th e e l e c tro n i c d e vi c e A n u m b e r o f p o we r M O S F E T s a n d I G B T s h a ve u n d e rg o n e l a b o to ry te s ti n g wi th b e a m s o f p ro to n s a n d e n e rg e ti c n e u tro n s fo r S E B , a n d th e re s u l ts h a ve b e e n ta b u l a te d i n te rm s o f th e S E B cro s s - s e c ti o n a s a fu n c ti o n o f V DS B a s e d o n th o s e re s u l ts i t h a s b e e n g e n e l i ze d th a t a tm o s p h e ri c n e u tro n s ca n i n d u c e S E B i n p o we r M O S F E T s te d a t 0 V a n d a b o ve T h u s , fo r o p e ti n g vo l ta g e s i n a i rcra ft > th e G.8 i n d u ced e l e c tro n i c SEB te d e vi c e s as a F i g u re fu n cti o n 0 V, th e S E B cro s s - s e c ti o n i s n e e d e d i n o rd e r to a s s e s s s h o ws of V th e It is SEB cro s s - s e c ti o n ve ry sim il ar DS I E C - : b u t a l s o i n c l u d e s s o m e m o re re ce n t d a ta ×1 to fo r a va ri e t y F i g u re an d of p o we r F i g u re –5 I RG4PH 5-1 00 V I GB T-Prot I RFPG 50 -1 000 V-Prot I RFPG 50 -1 000 V-W N R ×1 –6 I RFB G 20 -1 000 V-Prot I RFB F30 -900 V W N R · d ev) 24N 50-I XYS -500 V-Prot SEB cross-secti on (cm I RFP360 -400 V-W N R ×1 –7 ×1 –8 ×1 –9 ×1 –1 ×1 –1 300 400 500 600 V DS 700 800 900 000 (V) IEC F i g u re G – S i n g l e e v e n t b u rn o u t ( S E B ) c ro s s -s e ct i o n i n p o we r e l e c t ro n i c d e vi c e s ( 40 V to 0 V) a s a fu n ct i o n o f d i n -s o u rce vo l t a g e ( Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission V DS ) in IEC 62396-1 :201  IEC 201 – 93 – The data shown by Figure G.8 clearly shows that there is a VDS threshold for all such power electronic devices such that if they are operated at a large enough derating, i.e., at a VDS below the VDS threshold, there is no possibility of SEB The data in Figure G.8 shows that the currently favoured derating factor of 50 % will lead a VDS below the VDS threshold and so the power electronic devices will be immune to SEB from the atmospheric neutrons If a smaller derating is used, the SEB rate will have to be calculated using data similar to that in Figure G.8 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission – 94 –  I EC 62396-1 : 201 I EC 201 An n e x H ( i n fo rm a ti ve ) C a l c u l a ti n g S E E te s fro m n o n -wh i te ( n o n -a tm o s p h e ri c l i ke ) n e u tro n cro s s -s e c ti o n s fo r s m a l l g e o m e try e l e c tro n i c c o m p o n e n ts H.1 E n e rg y th re s h o l d s F o r e l e ctro n i c d e vi c e s wi th g e o m e tri c fe a tu re s i ze n m a n d b e l o w th e e ffe cts d u e to l o we r e n e rg y n e u tro n s a re c o n s i d e re d , and Tabl e H.1 p ro vi d e s th e a p p ro xi m a te n e u tro n e n e rg y th re s h o l d s ve rs u s e l e c tro n i c d e vi c e te ch n o l o g y fe a tu re s i ze T a b l e H – Ap p ro xi m a t e S E U e n e rg y th re s h o l d s fo r S R AM -b a s e d d e v i c e s E l e c tro n i c d e vi c e t e c h n o l o g y [ n m ] 400 250 80 60 30 90 10 0, Th re s h o l d [ M e V] N O TE S o u rc e : “ G u i d e l i n e fo r d e s i g n i n g an d i n t e g t i o n o f a vi o n i c s c o n c e rn i n g a t m o s p h e ri c d i a t i o n ” , b y T G n l u n d [ 1 ] H.2 N o m i n a l n e u tro n fl u xe s F o r s m a l l e r g e o m e try e l e ctro n i c d e vi ce s wi th l o we r e n e rg y th re s h o l d s T a b l e H p ro vi d e s th e re co m m e n d e d n o m i n a l n e u tro n fl u x e s fo r d i ffe re n t e l e c tro n i c d e vi c e te ch n o l o g y fe a tu re s i ze s wh e n u s i n g n o n - a tm o s p h e ri c l i ke ( n o n - wh i te ) n e u tro n d i a ti o n s o u rc e s T a b l e H – N e u tro n fl u xe s a b o ve d i ffe re n t e n e rg y t h re s h o l d s ( 0 0 ft , l a t i tu d e ° ) E E l e c tro n i c d e vi c e th X: : Th re s h o l d F l u x fro m B o e i n g Y: I E C re c o m m e n d e d fl u x te c h n o l o g y -2 ⋅ h -1 ] -2 ⋅ h -1 ] [n m ] [M e V] 400 10 590 0 (I E C n om i n a l va l u e ) 250 559 0 (I E C n om i n a l va l u e ) 80 255 7 0 (I E C n om i n a l va l u e ) 60 801 0 (I E C n om i n a l va l u e ) 30 71 0 (I E C n om i n a l va l u e ) 90 0, 560 0 0 ( I E C n o m i n a l va l u e ) M o d el [cm [ cm T h e I E C n o m i n a l fl u x m a y b e c a l c u l a te d b y th e fo l l o wi n g ro u n d u p ru l e s fro m E q u a ti o n ( H ) Y= I N T [( X+ 0 ) /1 0 ] × 00 (H ) wh e re Y X ⋅ i s th e I E C n o m i n a l va l u e i n u n i ts o f n e u tro n s cm –2 ⋅ h –1 ⋅ i s th e fl u x fro m th e B o e i n g m o d e l i n u n i ts o f n e u tro n s cm –2 ⋅ h –1 T h e B o e i n g m o d e l i s th e E q u a ti o n ( H ) d N/d E =  , E –0 , 2  E–2 , × e x p ( –0 , ( l n E) ) E< 300 MeV E> 300 M eV F o r e x a m p l e th e I E C n o m i n a l va l u e s a re ca l c u l a te d a s fo l l o ws Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission n e u tro n / cm ⋅ s ⋅ MeV (H 2) I EC 62396-1 : 201  I EC 201 – 95 – I N T [( 5 + 0 ) /1 0 ] × 0 = 0 cm –2 ⋅ h –1 I N T [( + 0 ) /1 0 ] × 0 = 0 cm –2 ⋅ h –1 I N T [( 5 + 0 ) /1 0 ] × 0 = 0 cm –2 ⋅ h –1 I N T [( 5 + 0 ) /1 0 ] × 0 = 7 0 cm –2 h –1 I N T [( + 0 ) /1 0 ] × 0 = 0 cm I N T [( + 0 ) /1 0 ] × 0 = 0 0 cm H.3 ⋅ –2 ⋅ h –1 –2 ⋅ h –1 C al cu l ati n g e ve n t rate s u s i n g n o n -a tm o s p h e ri c l i ke cro s s -s e cti o n s fo r s m al l g e o m e try e l e ctro n i c d e vi ce s W h e re th e >1 M e V n e u tro n cro s s - s e cti o n h a s b e e n d e te rm i n e d u s i n g n o n a tm o s p h e ri c l i ke ( i n cl u d i n g m o n o - e n e rg e ti c) n e u tro n b e a m s fo r e l e ctro n i c d e vi c e s wi th g e o m e try n m a n d b e l o w, th e co n tri b u ti o n fo r l o we r e n e rg y n e u tro n s h a s to b e i n c l u d e d T h i s ca n b e o b ta i n e d b y using th e cro s s - s e cti o n > 10 > 10 p ro d u ct o f ( C ro s s - s e cti o n Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission MeV an d Tabl e H.2 a b o ve S o th e SEE te i s g i ve n b y th e M e V) a n d ( R e co m m e n d e d fl u x fo r g e o m e try fro m T a b l e H ) – 96 – I EC 62396-1 : 201  I EC 201 B i b l i o g p h y [1 ] W N H e s s , H W P a tte rs o n a n d R W a l l a c e , “ C o s m i c - Ra y N e u tro n E n e rg y S p e c tru m , ” P h ys R e v , 1 , 4 ( 9 ) [2 ] T W Arm s tro n g , K C C h a n d l e r a n d J B a ri s h , “ C a l c u l a ti o n s o f N e u tro n F l u x S p e c tra I n d u ce d i n th e E a rth ’ s Atm o s p h e re b y G a l a cti c C o s m i c R a ys , ” J G e o p h ys Re v , 271 (1 973) [3 ] J H e wi tt et a l , " Am e s C o l l a b o ti ve S tu d y of Cosm i c R a y N e u tro n s : M i d - L a ti tu d e F l i g h ts " , H e a l th P h ys i cs , , , [4 ] P G ol d h a g en et a l , “ M e a s u re m e n t o f th e E n e rg y S p e c tru m o f C o s m i c- Ra y I n d u c e d N e u tro n s a b o a rd a n E R- H i g h Al ti tu d e Ai rp l a n e , ” N u c l I n s t M e th o d , A4 , ( 0 ) [5 ] E N o rm a n d , “ C o rre l a ti o n o f I n - fl i g h t N e u tro n D o s i m e te r a n d S E U M e a s u re m e n ts wi th Atm o s p h e ri c N e u tro n M o d e l , ” I E E E T n s N u c l S c i , , 9 ( 0 ) [6 ] [7 ] J F Z i e g l e r, “ T e rre s tri a l C o s m i c Ra ys , ” I B M J Re s D e ve l o p , ( 9 ) J B a g g i o e t a l , “ S i n g l e E ve n t U p s e ts I n d u ce d b y –1 M e V N e u tro n s i n S ta ti c- RAM s U s i n g M o n o - E n e rg e ti c N e u tro n S o u rc e s , ” I E E E T n s N u cl S c i , , ( 0 ) [8 ] T a b e r a n d E N o rm a n d , " S i n g l e E ve n t U p s e t i n Avi o n i cs " , I E E E T n s N u cl S ci , N S 40, 20, 993 [9 ] E N o rm a n d a n d T J B a ke r, " Al ti tu d e a n d L a ti tu d e Va ri a ti o n s i n Avi o n i cs S E U an d Atm o s p h e ri c N e u tro n F l u x" , I E E E T n s N u cl S ci , , ( 9 ) [1 ] J W W i l son e t a l , “ Ra d i a ti o n S a fe t y i n th e E a rth ’ s Atm o s p h e re ” i n T n s p o rt M e th o d s a n d I n te cti o n s i n S p a ce Ra d i a ti o n s , N AS A Re fe re n c e P u b l i ca ti o n , 9 [1 ] [1 ] h ttp : //www q a rm e u F L e i e t a l , “ An Atm o s p h e ri c R a d i a ti o n M o d e l B a s e d o n R e s p o n s e M a tri c e s G e n e te d b y D e ta i l e d M o n te C a rl o S i m u l a ti o n s o f C o s m i c Ra y I n te cti o n s , ” I E E E T n s N u c l S c i , , 4 ( D e ce m b e r, 0 ) [1 ] h ttp : //p h i ts j a e a g o j p /e x p a cs / [1 ] T S a to e t a l , “ D e ve l o p m e n t o f P AR M A: P H I T S b a s e d a n a l yti ca l d i a ti o n m o d e l i n th e a tm o s p h e re , ” R a d i a t Re s , , 4 , 0 [1 ] A H a n d s e t a l , “ S E U R a te s i n Atm o s p h e ri c E n vi ro n m e n ts : Va ri a ti o n s D u e to C ro s s - S e cti o n F i ts a n d E n vi ro n m e n t M o d e l s ” I E E E T n s N u cl S ci , , 2 , 0 [1 ] M A S h e a a n d D F S m a rt, “ T h e I n fl u e n ce o f th e C h a n g i n g G e o m a g n e ti c F i e l d o n C o s m i c Ra y M e a s u re m e n ts , ” J G e o m a g G e o e l e ct , , 1 ( 9 ) [1 ] M M e rke r et a l , “ T i m e D e p e n d e n t W o rl d wi d e D i s tri b u ti o n o f Atm o s p h e ri c N e u tro n s a n d o f th e i r P ro d u cts , ” J G e o p h ys R e v , 7 ( ) [1 ] C D ye r a n d F L e i , " M o n te C a rl o C a l cu l a ti o n s o f th e I n fl u e n ce o n Ai rcra ft Ra d i a ti o n E n vi ro n m e n ts 987, 001 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission o f S tru ctu re s and S o l a r P a rti cl e E ve n ts , " I EEE T n s N u cl S ci , 48, I EC 62396-1 : 201 [1 ] E  N o rm a n d I EC 201 et al, – 97 – “ Q u a n ti fyi n g th e E n e rg y ( T h e rm a l ) a n d H i g h E n e rg y ( D ou bl e-S i d ed >1 N e u tro n SEU T h re a t, F ro m Low M e V) N e u tro n s , ” I E E E T n s N u c l S ci , , , ( D e c e m b e r, 0 ) [2 ] M O l m o s e t a l , “ I n ve s ti g a ti o n o f th e rm a l n e u tro n i n d u ce d s o ft e rro r te s i n co m m e rci a l S R AM s wi th 35 _m to 90 nm te ch n o l o g i e s , ” P ro ce e d i n g s of th e 4 th An n u a l I n te rn a ti o n a l Re l i a b i l i t y P h ys i cs S ym p o s i u m , 0 , S a n J o s e , C A p 2 [2 ] C D ye r e t a l , “ N e u tro n - I n d u c e d S i n g l e E ve n t E ffe cts T e s ti n g Acro s s a W i d e R a n g e o f E n e rg i e s a n d F a c i l i ti e s a n d I m p l i ca ti o n s fo r S ta n d a rd s , ” I E E E T n s N u cl Sci , 53, ( D e ce m b e r, 0 ) [2 ] T G n l u n d a n d N O l s son , “ S E U s I n d u ce d b y T h e rm a l to H i g h - E n e rg y N e u tro n s i n S R AM s , ” I E E E T n s N u cl S c i , vo l , n o , p p - , 0 [2 ] H B B a rb e r, T B o wn , D A D e L i s e , E W J e n ki n s , J J J o n e s , R M Ka l b a ch a n d A E P i fe r, " P re d i cti o n s a n d M e a s u re m e n ts o f M a s s S p e ctra o f th e C h a rg e d N u c l e o n i c C o m p o n e n t o f C o s m i c R a ys a t M o u n ta i n Al ti tu d e " , P h ys R e v D 2 , 6 ( ) [2 ] O C Al l ko fe r an d P K G ri e d e r, P h ys i c s D a ta : Cosm i c R a ys on E a rth , F a ch i n fo rm a ti o n s ze n tru m E n e rg i e , P h ys i k, M a th e m a ti k G m b H , Ka rl s ru h e , [2 ] F B M cD on a l d an d W R W e b b e r, " P ro to n Com pon en t of th e P ri m a ry Cosm i c Ra d i a ti o n " , P h ys R e v 1 , ( 9 ) [2 ] E Z G a rra ffo et a l , “ H a d ro n i c S ca l i n g a n d R a ti o s o f C o s m i c- Ra y C o m p o n e n ts i n th e Atm o s p h e re , ” N u c l e a r P h ys i cs , B , ( ) [2 ] K O ’ B ri e n and W F ri e d b e rg , “ Atm o s p h e ri c Cosm i c Ra ys at Ai rcra ft Al ti tu d e s , ” E n vi ro n m e n t I n te rn a ti o n a l , , ( 9 ) [2 ] C H T s a o , R S i l b e rb e rg a n d J R L e ta w, " C o s m i c- Ra y H e a vy I o n s At a n d Ab o ve 0 0 F t, " I E E E T n s N u c l S c i , N S - , N o , p p 6 - , D e c [2 ] R S i l b e rb e rg , C H T s a o a n d J R L e ta w, “ N e u tro n G e n e te d S i n g l e E ve n t U p s e ts i n th e Atm o s p h e re , ” I E E E T n s N u cl S c i , , 1 ( ) [3 ] C S D ye r et a l , “ M e a s u re m e n t o f S o l a r F l a re E n h a n c e m e n ts to th e Single E ve n t U p s e t E n vi ro n m e n ts i n th e U p p e r Atm o s p h e re , ” I E E E T n s N u c l S ci , , 9 , 9 [3 ] C S D ye r, F Lei , S N C l u ca s , D.F S m a rt, and M A S h ea “Sol ar p a rti cl e E n h a n ce m e n ts o f S i n g l e - E ve n t E ffe ct R a te s a t Ai rcra ft Al ti tu d e s " I E E E T n s N u cl S c i , , N o , p p - , D e c 0 [3 ] C l i ve D ye r, F a n L e i Al e x H a n d s , P e te r T ru s c o tt, “ S o l a r p a rti cl e e ve n ts i n th e Q i n e ti Q a tm o s p h e ri c d i a ti o n m o d e l , ” I E E E T n s N u cl S ci vo l , n o , - , 0 [3 ] L W T o wn s e n d , E N Z a p p , D L S te p h e n s , J r, J L H o ff, “ C a rri n g to n fl a re o f a s a p ro to t yp i ca l wo rs t- c a s e s o l a r e n e rg e ti c p a rti cl e e ve n t, ” IEEE Tra n s Nuc l Sc i , Vo l , N o , p p - , D e c 0 [3 ] M A S h e a , D F S m a rt, K G M c C cke n , G A M D re s ch h o ff, H E S p e n c e , “ S o l a r p ro to n e ve n ts fo r ye a rs : T h e C a rri n g to n e ve n t i n p e rs p e cti ve , ” pp 32-2 8, 06 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission A dv Sp a ce Re s , Vo l , – 98 – [3 ] P L a n to s , a e ro p l a n e s N F u l l e r, using a Protection Dosimetry, [3 ] [3 ] “ H i s to ry o f th e s e m i - e m p i ri ca l I EC 62396-1 : 201 sol ar m od el p a rti cl e and e ve n t C o n co rd e d i a ti o n  I EC 201 d oses m e a s u re m e n ts , ” o n - b o a rd Radiation Vo l , n o , p p 9 - , 0 h ttp s : //cre m e - m c i s d e va n d e rb i l t e d u / A J T yl k a , J H Ad a m s , J r , P R B o b e rg , B B ro wn s te i n , W F D i e tri c h , E O F l u e cki g e r, E L P e te rs e n , M A S h e a , D F S m a rt, E C S m i th , " C R E M E A re vi s i o n o f th e C o s m i c R a y E ffe cts o n M i cro e l e c tro n i cs C o d e , " IEEE Trans Nuc Sci, N S-44, 6, pp 50-21 60, Dec 997 [3 ] A F a s s o ` , A F e rra ri , J Ra n ft, a n d P R S a l a , "F L U KA: a m u l ti - p a rti c l e tra n s p o rt co d e ", C E RN - 0 - ( 0 ) , I N F N /T C _0 /1 , S L AC - R- 7 [3 ] E N o rm a n d “ S i n g l e E ve n t E ffe cts i n Avi o n i cs , ” I E E E T n s N u cl S ci , , ( 9 ) [4 ] J Olsen et al , “ N e u tro n - I n d u ce d S i n g l e E ve n t U p s e ts i n S ta ti c RAM s O b s e rve d a t Km F l i g h t Al ti tu d e , ” I E E E T n s N u cl S ci , , 7 ( Ap ri l , 9 ) [4 ] K J o h a n s s o n et al , “ I n - fl i g h t a n d G ro u n d T e s ti n g o f S i n g l e E ve n t U p s e t S e n s i ti vi t y i n S ta ti c R AM s , ” I E E E T n s N u c l S c i , , ( J u n e , 9 ) [4 ] Y T o s a ka e t a l , “ C o m p re h e n s i ve S tu d y o f S o ft E rro rs i n Ad va n ce d C M O S C i rc u i ts wi th /1 n m T e ch n o l o g y, ” I E E E E l e c tro n D e vi ce s M e e ti n g , I E D M T e c h D i g e s t, 0 , p 38 [4 ] G , G a s i o t e t a l , “ M u l ti p l e C e l l U p s e ts a s th e Ke y C o n tri b u ti o n to T o ta l S E R o f n m C M O S S RAM s a n d I ts D e p e n d e n ce o n W e l l E n g i n e e ri n g , ” I E E E T n s N u c l S ci , vo l , p , D e c 0 [4 ] A T i p to n e t a l , “ I n cre a s e d R a te o f M u l ti p l e - B i t U p s e t fro m N e u tro n s a t L a rg e An g l e s o f I n ci d e n c e , ” I E E E T n s D e vi c e M a te r R e l , vo l , p , S e p t 0 [4 ] R L a wre n ce an d A Ke l l y, “Sin gle E ve n t E ffe ct I n d u ce d M u l ti p l e - C e l l U p s e ts in a C o m m e rci a l n m C M O S D i g i ta l T e ch n o l o g y, ” I E E E T n s N u c l S c i , vo l 5 , p 3 D ec 00 [4 ] C S D ye r et al , “ M i cro d o s i m e try Cod e S i m u l a ti o n o f C h a rg e - D e p o s i ti o n S p e c tra , S i n g l e - E ve n t U p s e ts a n d M u l ti p l e B i t U p s e ts , ” I E E E T n s N u cl S c i , , ( 9 ) [4 ] C D ye r et al , " An E xp e ri m e n ta l S tu d y o f S i n g l e E ve n t E ffe cts I n d u c e d i n C o m m e rci a l S R AM S b y N e u tro n s a n d P ro to n s fro m T h e rm a l E n e rg i e s to 0 M e V, " I E E E T n s N u cl S ci , 51 , ( 0 4) [4 ] G S c h i n d l b e ck a n d C S l a ym a n , “ N e u tro n - I n d u ce d M u l ti - ce l l a n d L o g i c S o ft E rro rs i n D R AM T e ch n o l o g y a n d th e i r I m p a ct o n R e l i a b l e S e rve r M e m o ry” , rd I E E E W o rks h o p o n S i l i c o n E rro rs i n L o g i c – S ys te m E ffe cts , Au s ti n , T X, Ap ri l 0 [4 ] R Ko g a e t a l , “ P ro to n a n d H e a v y I o n I n d u ce d S e m i - P e rm a n e n t U p s e ts i n D o u b l e D a ta Ra te S D RAM s , ” 0 I E E E R a d i a ti o n E ffe cts D a ta W o rks h o p , p 9 [5 ] Ko g a , R; G e o rg e , J ; B i e l a t, S “ S i n g l e E ve n t E ffe cts S e n s i ti vi t y o f D D R S D RAM s to P ro to n s a n d H e a v y I o n s ” , R a d i a ti o n E ffe cts D a ta W o rks h o p ( R E D W ) , 2 I E E E [5 ] R H a rb o e - S o re n s e n et al , “ S i n g l e E ve n t T n s i e n t C h a cte ri za ti o n o f An a l o g I C ’ s fo r E S A’ s S a te l l i te s , ” R AD E C S 9 , 9 th E u ro p e a n C o n fe re n ce o n Ra d i a ti o n a n d I ts E ffe cts o n C o m p o n e n ts a n d S ys te m s , F o n te vra u d , F n c e , p Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission  I EC 201 I EC 62396-1 : 201 [5 ] D K N i ch ol s et a l , – 99 – “ H e a vy I on and P ro to n I n d u ce d Single E ve n t T n s i e n ts in C o m p a to rs , ” I E E E T n s N u c l S c i , , ( 9 ) [5 ] E D u P o n t e t a l , “ Ra d i a ti o n R e s u l ts o f th e S E R T e s t o f Acte l , Xi l i n x a n d Al te F P G A i n s ta n c e s , ” E n g i n e e ri n g T e s t R e p o rt, i R O C C o rp o ti o n , O ct 0 [5 ] L Ad a m s , e t a l , " A Ve ri fi e d P ro to n I n d u c e d L a tch u p i n S p a c e " , I E E E T n s N u c l S ci , 39, 804 (1 992) [5 ] A J o h n s to n , G M S wi ft a n d L D Ed m on d s , “ L a tc h u p in I n te g te d C i rcu i ts fro m E n e rg e ti c P ro to n s , ” I E E E T n s N u cl S ci , 4 , , 9 [5 ] M Cesch i a , “ I o n B e a m T e s ti n g o f Al te AP RX F P G As , ” W o rks h o p Re co rd , 0 e t a l I E E E R a d i a ti o n E ffe cts D a ta W o rks h o p , p [5 ] M S h og a et a l , “ O b s e rva ti o n o f S i n g l e E ve n t L a tch u p i n B i p o l a r D e vi c e s , ” W o rks h o p Re co rd , 9 I E E E R a d i a ti o n E ffe cts D a ta W o rks h o p , p 1 [5 ] P R i cke y et , “ S i n g l e E ve n t D e s tru cti ve F a i l u re i n a B i p o l a r AS I C , ” p a p e r p re s e n te d a l a t th e 0 I E E E N u c l e a r a n d S p a c e Ra d i a ti o n E ffe cts C o n fe re n c e , Atl a n ta , J u l y, 0 [5 ] R Ko g a e t a l , “ P e rm a n e n t S i n g l e E ve n t F u n cti o n a l I n te rru p ts ( S E F I s ) i n - a n d - M e g a b i t S yn c h ro n o u s D yn a m i c R a n d o m Acce s s M e m o ri e s , ” W o rks h o p Re c o rd , 2001 I E E E R a d i a ti o n E ffe cts D a ta W o rks h o p , p [6 ] M C e s ch i a et a l , “ I o n B e a m T e s ti n g o f Al te AP E X F P G A, ” W o rks h o p Re co rd , 0 I E E E R a d i a ti o n E ffe cts D a ta W o rks h o p , p [6 ] D L O b e rg , et a l , “ F i rs t O b s e rva ti o n s o f P o we r M O S F E T B u rn o u t wi th H i g h E n e rg y N e u tro n s , ” I E E E T n s N u c l S c i , , ( 9 ) [6 ] R S h e e h y Cosm i c e t a l , “ S e a L e ve l F a i l u re s o f P o we r M O S F E T s D i s p l a yi n g C h a cte ri s ti cs o f R a d i a ti o n E ffe cts , ” P ro c e e d i n g s 3 rd An n u a l I EEE P o we r E l e c tro n i cs S p e ci a l i s t C o n fe re n ce , Au s tra l i a , 0 p p [6 ] L E d m on d s et a l , “ I o n - I n d u c e d S tu ck B i ts i n T /1 C S D R AM C e l l s , ” I E E E T n s N u c l S ci , 8, ( 0 ) [6 ] D H e i d e l e t a l , “ L o w E n e rg y P ro to n S i n g l e - e ve n t U p s e t T e s t R e s u l ts o n n m S O I S R AM , ” I E E E T n s N u c l S c i , 5 , 3 ( D e c e m b e r, 0 ) [6 ] R K L a wre n ce , S e n s i ti vi ti e s in J.F 90 Ro s s , nm N Bulk F H ad d ad , CMOS D R S R AM s , ” Al b re ch t, 2009 I EEE R A Ree d , R a d i a ti o n “ S o ft E rro r E ffe cts D a ta W orks h o p , p - [6 ] M W a te rs Cosm i c et a l , “ T h e N I O S H /F AA W o rki n g W om e n ’ s H e a l th S tu d y: E va l u a ti o n o f th e Ra d i a ti o n E xp o s u re s of Flight Atte n d a n ts , ” H e a l th P h ys i c s , 79, 553 ( N o ve m b e r, 0 ) [6 ] M Ro s e et a l , “ N e u tro n Ra d i a ti o n E ffe cts a n d H a rd e n i n g ” i n D e s i g n G u i d e l i n e s fo r T n s i e n t R a d i a ti o n E ffe c ts o n Arm y T a cti c a l S ys te m s , AR L - T R- , S e p te m b e r 9 [6 ] P ri o re , M., an d F a rre l l , J., " P l a s ti c M i cro ci rc u i t P a cka g e s : A T e ch n o l o g y Re p o rt N o C RT A- P E M , Re l i a b i l i t y An a l ys i s C e n te r, Ro m e , N Y, M a rch 9 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission R e vi e w" , – 00 – [6 ] L O b e rg , et a l , “ F i rs t O b s e rva ti o n s I EC 62396-1 : 201 o f P o we r M O S F E T B u rn o u t wi th  I EC 201 High E n e rg y N e u tro n s , ” I E E E T n s N u c l S c i , , ( 9 ) [7 ] E N o rm a n d , et a l , " N e u tro n - I n d u c e d Single E ve n t B u rn o u t in H igh Vo l ta g e E l e ctro n i cs , " I E E E T n s N u c l S c i , 4 , ( 9 ) [7 ] R C o s s et a l , “ C o m p e n d i u m o f S i n g l e E ve n t F a i l u re s i n P o we r M O S F E T s , ” W o rks h o p Re c o rd , 9 I E E E R a d i a ti o n E ffe cts D a ta W o rks h o p , p ( 9 ) [7 ] A T a b e r a n d E N o rm a n d , “ S i n g l e E ve n t U p s e t i n Avi o n i cs , ” I E E E T n s N u cl S ci , N S - , ( Ap ri l , 9 ) [7 ] [7 ] E N o rm a n d “ S i n g l e E ve n t E ffe cts i n Avi o n i cs , ” I E E E T n s N u c l S ci , , , ( 9 ) E N o rm a n d , “ C o rre l a ti o n o f I n fl i g h t N e u tro n D o s i m e te r a n d S E U M e a s u re m e n ts wi th Atm o s p h e ri c N e u tro n M o d e l , ” I E E E T n s N u c l S c i , , 9 ( 0 ) [7 ] T L T u rfl i n g e r e t a l “Singl e E ve n t E ffe cts in An a l o g - to D i g i ta l C o n ve rte rs : D e vi ce P e rfo rm a n c e a n d S ys te m I m p a ct, ” I E E E T n s N u cl S c i , , ( 9 ) [7 ] A J o h n s to n , G M S wi ft a n d L D Ed m on d s , “ L a tc h u p in I n te g te d C i rcu i ts fro m E n e rg e ti c P ro to n s , ” I E E E T n s N u cl S ci , 4 , , 9 [7 ] E N o rm a n d , " E xte n s i o n s o f th e B u rs t G e n e ti o n Ra te M e th o d fo r W i d e r Ap p l i c a ti o n to P ro to n /N e u tro n - I n d u ce d S i n g l e E ve n t E ffe cts , " I E E E T n s N u cl S ci , , , 9 [7 ] Ra d i a ti o n T e s t Re p o rt “ O cta g o n 21 33 P ro ce s s o r B o a rd , Liq u i d C rys ta l D i s p l a y, and E th e rn e t B o a rd s , ” C Ko u b a , J S C 9 , N AS A- J S C , E n g i n e e ri n g D i re c to te , Avi o n i cs S ys te m D i vi s i o n , Au g u s t 0 [7 ] R Ko g a et a l , “ C o m p a ri s o n of H ea vy I on and P ro to n - I n d u c e d S i n g l e E ve n t E ffe cts ( S E E ) S e n s i ti vi ti e s , ” I E E E T n s N u cl S ci , , 3 ( 0 ) [8 ] [8 ] P E D o d d e t a l , “ N e u tro n - I n d u ce d L a tch u p i n S RAM s a t G ro u n d L e ve l , ” P ro ce e d i n g s , s t I n te rn a ti o n a l Re l i a b i l i t y P h ys i cs S ym p o s i u m , p Ap ri l , 0 L a s e r- I n d u ce d L a tc h u p S cre e n i n g and M i ti g a ti o n in CMOS D e vi ce s M c M o rro w, D.; B u ch n e r, S ; B a ze , M ; B a rth o l e t, B ; Ka tz, R ; O ' B rya n , M ; P o i ve y, C ; L a B e l , K A ; L a d b u ry, R ; M a h e r, M ; S e xto n , F W ; I E E E T n s N u c l S c i , ( 0 ) [8 ] S Ag o s te o et a l , " S i n g l e E ve n t E ffe cts M e a s u re m e n ts o n th e E l e c tro n i cs fo r th e cm S M u o n B a rre l D e te c to r a t L H C , " N u c l I n s tr M e th A , ( 0 ) [8 ] D H Ko b a ya s h i Acce l e te d SER et a l in , “ C o m p a ri s o n S RAM s , ” B e twe e n P ro c e e d i n g s , N e u tro n - i n d u c e d 42nd I n te rn a ti o n a l S ys te m SER Re l i a b i l i t y and P h ys i cs S ym p o s i u m , Ap ri l 0 [8 ] K J oh an ss on et a l , “ E n e rg y- Re s o l ve d N e u tro n SEU M e a s u re m e n ts fro m 22 to M e V, ” I E E E T n s N u cl S ci , , , 9 [8 ] N Ke rn e s s a n d A T a b e r, “ N e u tro n S E U T re n d s i n Avi o n i cs , ” W o rks h o p Re co rd , 9 I E E E R a d i a ti o n E ffe cts D a ta W o rks h o p , p ( 9 ) [8 ] E N o rm a n d , “Si n gle E ve n t E ffe cts in Avi o n i cs an d on th e S p e e d E l e ctro n i cs a n d S ys te m s , Vo l , N o , ( 0 ) Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission G ro u n d , ” I n t J rn l High IEC 62396-1 : 201  I EC 201 – 01 – [87] J Ziegler, “Silicon Diagnosis, Review of Accelerated Testing of Modern SRAMs,”Short Course presentation, RADECS 2001 , th European Conference on Radiation Effects on Components and Systems, Grenoble, France, Sept 2001 [88] T Granlund et al, “Soft Error Rate Increase for N ew Generations of SRAM,” I EEE Trans Nucl Sci., 50, 2003 (2003) [89] T Granlund and N Olsson, “A Comparitive Stud y Between Proton and N eutron Induced SEUs in SRAMs, ” I EEE Trans N ucl Sci , 53, 871 (2006) [90] C.W Slayman, “Cache and Memory Error Detection, Correction and Reduction Techniques for Terrestrial Servers and Workstations,” I EEE Trans Device Mater Reliab., 5, 397, 2005 [91 ] H Kobayashi et al, “Alpha Particle and N eutron-induced Soft Error Rates and Scaling Trends in SRAM ” Proc I nt Reliability Phys Sym p (I RPS), p.206, 2009 [92] G J H ofman , “Light-Hadron I nduced SER and Scaling Relationships for 6- and 64-Mb DRAMs,” I EEE Trans Nucl Sci., 47, 403, 2000 [93] R Baumann, “Silicon Amnesia: Radiation Induced Soft Errors in Commercial Semiconductor Technology,” Short Course presentation, RADECS 2001 , th European Conference on Radiation Effects on Components and Systems, Grenoble, France, Sept 2001 [94] Section V of 999 N SREC N uclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference, Radiation effects in the Space Telecommunications Environment [95] S Wen et al, “Thermal neutron soft error rate for SRAMs in the 90 nm -45nm technology range,” Proceedings of the I nternational Reliability Physics Symposium, 201 0, Anaheim, CA p SE 5.1 [96] R Jones, AM Chugg, CMS J ones, PH Duncan, CS Dyer & C Sanderson, “Comparison Between SRAM SEE Cross-Sections from Ion Beam Testing with those Obtained Using a N ew Picosecond Pulsed Laser Facility, ” I EEE Trans Nucl Sci Vol 47, No 3, 539544, J une 2000 [97] Buchner, S P ; Miller, F ; Pouget, V ; McMorrow, D.P “Pulsed-Laser Testing for SingleEvent Effects I nvestigations”; I EEE Trans Nucl Sci Vol 60, No 201 [98] C Vial, JM Palau, J Gasiot, MC Calvet & S Fourtine, “A New Approach to the Prediction of the N eutron-I nduced SEU Rate,” I EEE Trans Nucl Sci Vol 45, 291 52920, December 998 [99] CS Dyer, C Sanderson & A Wraight, “Probing the Charge Collection Sensitivity Profile Using a Picosecond Pulsed Laser at a Range of Wavelengths, AM Chugg, R Jones, M Moutrie,” I EEE Trans N ucl Sci Vol 49, N o 6, 2969-2976, December 2002 e t a l [1 00] F Miller, A Luu, F Prud’homme, P Poirot, R Gaillard, N Buard, and T Carrière, “Characterization of Single-Event Burnout in Power MOSFET Using Backside Laser Testing,” I EEE Trans Nucl Sci Vol 53, N o (2006) [1 01 ] P M O’N eill, “Badhwar-O’Neill galactic cosmic ray model update based on Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) energy spectra from 997 to present,” Adv Space Res., 37, 727, 2006 Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission – 02 – [1 ] G B a tti s to n i , "T h e Ra n ft, S M u ro , P R Sal a, F  I EC 201 I EC 62396-1 : 201 C e ru tti , A F e rra ri , S R o e s l e r, A F ass o` , J F L U KA c o d e : D e s cri p ti o n a n d b e n c h m a rki n g P ro c e e d i n g s o f th e H a d ro n i c ", S h o we r S i m u l a ti o n W o rks h o p 0 , F e rm i l a b - - S e p te m b e r 0 , M Al b ro w, R Ra j a e d s , AI P C o n fe re n c e P ro c e e d i n g , - , ( 0 ) [1 ] F Lei et al, “ C o s m i c- y H ea vy I on s C o n tri b u ti o n to R a d i a ti o n E ffe cts in th e Atm o s p h e re , ” p a p e r p re s e n te d a t th e R AD E C S c o n fe re n c e , L a n g e n fe l d , Au s tri a , S e p t [1 ] E P e te rs e n , “ C ro s s - s e cti o n m e a s u re m e n ts a n d u p s e t te ca l c u l a ti o n s , ” I E E E T n s N u c l S c i , , , p p - , D e c 9 [1 ] E L P e te rs e n , V P o u g e t, L W M assen g i l l , S P B u c h n e r, D M c M o rro w, “ Ra t e p re d i cti o n s fo r s i n g l e e ve n t e ffe cts - cri ti q u e I I , ” I E E E T n s N u c l S c i , , , p p , D e c 0 [1 ] E u ro p e a n C o o p e ti o n F o r S p a ce S ta n d a rd i za ti o n , S p a ce E n g i n e e ri n g , M e th o d s fo r th e c a l cu l a ti o n o f d i a ti o n re c e i ve d a n d i ts e ffe cts , a n d a p o l i c y fo r d e s i g n m a rg i n s , E C S S - E - - A, D e c [1 ] C S D ye r, S.N s i m u l a ti o n s Cl u cas, of si n g l e F e ven t Lei, P u p s e ts T ru s co tt, i n d u ce d R N a rte l l o , b y p ro to n s C an d C o m b e r, n e u tro n s “ C o m p a ti ve in co m m e rci a l S R AM s , ” P ro c e e d i n g s o f RAD E C S 0 , E S A S P - , p p 2 - 2 , O ct 0 [1 ] J N B d fo rd “ G e o m e tri ca l a n a l ys i s o f s o ft e rro rs and o xi d e d am ag e p ro d u c e d by h e a v y co s m i c ys a n d a l p h a p a rti c l e s , ” I E E E T n s N u c l S c i , , p p , F e b [1 ] J C P i cke l a n d J T B l a n d fo rd , “ C o s m i c - y i n d u ce d e rro rs i n M O S d e vi c e s , ” I E E E T n s N u cl S ci , , N o , pp 0 , 98 [1 ] J H Ad a m s , “Cosm i c y e ffe c ts “I n fl i g h t on m i cro e l e c tro n i cs , P a rt I V, ” N RL m e m o n d u m re p o rt , [1 1 ] L a u re n t Arto l a , et al SEU / MCU S e n s i ti vi t y of C o m m e rci a l N a n o m e tri c S R AM s : O p e ti o n a l E s ti m a ti o n s , ” I E E E T n s N u cl S c i , , p p 4 , D e c 1 [1 ] T D L o ve l e s s et al “ N e u tro n an d P ro to n I n d u ced Single E ve n t U p s e ts fo r D - a n d D I C E F l i p /F l o p D e s i g n s a t a n m T e ch n o l o g y N o d e , ” I E E E T n s N u c l S ci , , p p 008, J u n e 201 [1 ] An a n d D i xi t a n d Al a n W oo d “Th e I m p a ct o f N e w T e c h n o l o g y o n S o ft E rro r Ra te s , ” Re l i a b i l i t y P h ys i cs S ym p o s i u m ( I RP S ) 1 I E E E I n te rn a ti o n a l B [1 ] M A Cl em en s, B D S i e ws ki , et al “Th e E ffe cts of N e u tro n E n e rg y an d H i g h -Z M a te ri a l s o n S E U a n d M C U ” I E E E T n s N u c l S c i , , p p , D e c 1 [1 ] S J a h i n u z za m a n , B a l ka n Gill, Vi n o d Am b ro s e , N o rb e rt S e i fe rt “ C o rre l a ti n g Low E n e rg y N e u tro n S E R wi th B ro a d B e a m N e u tro n a n d 0 M e V P ro to n S E R fo r 2 n m CM OS T ri - G a te D e vi c e s , ” Re l i a b i l i ty P h ys i c s S ym p o s i u m (I RP S ) 201 I EEE I n te rn a ti o n a l D [1 ] E N o rm a n d T e s ti n g of an d L D o m i n i k, M i cro e l e ctro n i cs “ C ro s s C o m p a ri s o n Ap p l i c a b l e to G u i d e fo r Re s u l ts Avi o n i cs , ” W o rks h o p o f N e u tro n R e c o rd , 201 SEE I EEE Ra d i a ti o n E ffe cts D a ta W o rks h o p , p [1 ] M a rs h a l l P W , “ Ra te P re d i c ti o n T o o l As s e s s m e n t fo r S i n g l e E ve n t T n s i e n t E rro rs o n O p ti c a l Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Link R e c e i ve rs an d O p to c o u p l e rs , ” M a rch 2002, R e p o rt p re p a re d fo r N AS A I EC 62396-1 : 201  I EC 201 E l e c tro n i c P a rts – 03 – and P a cka g i n g (N EPP) P ro g m E l e c tro n i c s Ra d i a ti o n C h a cte ri za ti o n ( E R C ) P ro j e c t a n d D T R A [1 ] T G n l u n d , “G u id el in e fo r d esi g n i n g an d i n te g ti o n of a vi o n i cs co n c e rn i n g a tm o s p h e ri c d i a ti o n ” , S AAB , L i n ko p i n g , 1 [1 ] M I L-PRF -3 35 E( 5) (J an 2001 ), I n te g te d C i rcu i ts ( M i cro ci rcu i ts ) M a n u fa ctu ri n g , G e n e l S p e ci fi ca ti o n fo r [1 ] M I L - S T D - 8 E ( ) ( D e c 0 ) , T e s t M e th o d S ta n d a rd s , M i cro c i rcu i ts [1 ] M I L - P R F - 0 M ( O ct 9 ) , S e m i co n d u c to r d e vi c e s , G e n e l S p e c i fi c a ti o n fo r [1 2 ] E I A J E S D 3 ( 9 ) , J E D E C S ta n d a rd – G u i d e fo r th e p ro d u c ti o n a n d a cq u i s i ti o n o f Ra d i a ti o n H a rd n e s s As s u re d M u l ti ch i p m o d u l e s a n d H yb ri d c i rc u i ts [1 ] EI A J ESD 57 (1 996) J EDEC S ta n d a rd – Test p ro ce d u re s fo r th e m e a s u re m e n t of S i n g l e E ve n t e ffe cts i n S e m i co n d u c to r D e vi c e s fro m H e a v y I o n I rra d i a ti o n [1 ] J ESD 89A (2006) M e a s u re m e n t an d R e p o rti n g of Al p h a P a rti c l e s and T e rre s tri a l C o s m i c Ra y- I n d u c e d S o ft E rro rs i n S e m i c o n d u cto r D e vi ce s [1 ] AR P A G u i d e l i n e s fo r D e ve l o p m e n t o f C i vi l Ai rcra ft a n d S ys te m s [1 ] AR P : 9 G u id el in es and M e th o d s fo r C o n d u c ti n g th e S a fe t y As s e s s m e n t P ro ce s s o n C i vi l Ai rb o rn e S ys te m s a n d E q u i p m e n t [1 ] AC - C E q u i p m e n t, S ys te m s , a n d I n s ta l l a ti o n s i n P a rt Ai rp l a n e s [1 ] AC - A S ys te m D e s i g n a n d An a l ys i s [1 ] E AS A C S - C e rti fi ca ti o n S p e c i fi ca ti o n fo r L a rg e Ae ro p l a n e s [1 ] E U RO C AE E D - A G u i d e l i n e s fo r D e ve l o p m e n t o f C i vi l Ai rcra ft a n d S ys te m s [1 ] AN S I /AI AA- R- 0 : Re c o m m e n d e d p cti c e fo r P a rts M a n a g e m e n t [1 ] I E C TS 62 396-6, Pa rt 6: Extre m e e le c tro n ics [1 3 ] 7: p ro c e s s 8: and fo r a vio n ics p o te n tia l im p a ct – A tm o s p h e ric on th e dia tio n a vio n ics e ffe c ts e n viro n m e n t – and m a n a ge m e n t a tm o s p h e ric fo r a vio n ics dia tio n e ffe cts – A tm o s p h e ric a n a lys is in to dia tio n th e e ffe c ts s ys te m – de s ig n Pro ce s s A sse ssme n t a vio n ics sys te m s _ U n d e r c o n s i d e ti o n U n d e r c o n s i d e ti o n U n d e r c o n s i d e ti o n Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission Pro ce s s In c o rp o tin g I E C TS 62 396-8, Pa rt m a n a ge m e n t we a th e r I E C TS 62 396-7, Pa rt [1 ] Pro ce s s s p a ce ma n a ge me n t o f p ro to n , e le c tro n , fo r a vio n ics p io n , m uo n – A tm o s p h e ric fluxe s and dia tio n s in g le e ve n t e ffe c ts e ffe c ts – in – 04 [1 ] May T C , M e m o ri e s ” , [1 ] G u e n ze r N e u t ro n s W ood s 978, C S , and M I EEE W ol i cki P ro t o n s ” , H., “A N ew – IEC P h ys i c a l M e ch a n i s m fo r S o ft E rro rs  in I EC 201 D yn a m i c I RP S E A and 979, Al l a s , IEEE R G , “Single N S RE C Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission 62396-1 : 201 E ve n t U pset of D yn a m i c Ra m s by Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION 3, rue de Varembé PO Box 31 CH-1 21 Geneva 20 Switzerland Tel: + 41 22 91 02 1 Fax: + 41 22 91 03 00 info@iec.ch www.iec.ch Copyright International Electrotechnical Commission