IEC 62561 3 Edition 2 0 201 7 06 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Lightning protection system components (LPSC) – Part 3 Requirements for isolating spark gaps (ISG) IE C 6 2 5 6 1 3 2 0 1 7 0 6 (e n ) ® TH IS P[.]
I E C 62 561 -3 ® I N TE RN ATI ON AL S TAN D ARD Li g h tn i n g prote cti on s ys te m com pon en ts (LP S C ) – IEC 62561 -3:201 7-06(en) P art 3: Re q u i rem en ts for i s ol ati n g s park g aps (I S G ) Edition 2.0 201 7-06 T H I S P U B L I C AT I O N I S C O P YRI G H T P RO T E C T E D C o p yri g h t © I E C , G e n e v a , S wi tz e rl a n d All rights reserved Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester If you have any questions about I EC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or your local I EC member National Committee for further information IEC Central Office 3, rue de Varembé CH-1 21 Geneva 20 Switzerland Tel.: +41 22 91 02 1 Fax: +41 22 91 03 00 info@iec.ch www.iec.ch Ab ou t th e I E C The I nternational Electrotechnical Commission (I EC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes I nternational Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies Ab o u t I E C p u b l i ca ti o n s The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC Please make sure that you have the latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published I E C Catal og u e - webstore i ec ch /catal og u e The stand-alone application for consulting the entire bibliographical information on IEC International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports and other documents Available for PC, Mac OS, Android Tablets and iPad I E C pu bl i cati on s s earch - www i ec ch /search pu b The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,…) It also gives information on projects, replaced and withdrawn publications E l ectroped i a - www el ectroped i a org The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and electrical terms containing 20 000 terms and definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional languages Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) online I E C G l os sary - s td i ec ch /g l oss ary 65 000 electrotechnical terminology entries in English and French extracted from the Terms and Definitions clause of IEC publications issued since 2002 Some entries have been collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and CISPR I E C J u st Pu bl i s h ed - webstore i ec ch /j u stpu bl i sh ed Stay up to date on all new IEC publications Just Published details all new publications released Available online and also once a month by email I E C C u stom er S ervi ce C en tre - webstore i ec ch /csc If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service Centre: csc@iec.ch I E C 62 561 -3 ® Edition 2.0 201 7-06 I N TE RN ATI ON AL S TAN D ARD Li g h tn i n g protecti on s ys te m com pon e n ts (LP S C ) – P art 3: Req u i re m e n ts for i s ol ati n g s park g aps (I S G ) INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ICS 91 20.40 ISBN 978-2-8322-4455-5 Warn i n g ! M ake s u re th a t you ob tai n ed th i s p u b l i cati on from an au th ori zed d i stri b u tor ® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission –2– I EC 62561 -3: 201 © I EC 201 CONTENTS FOREWORD I NTRODUCTI ON Scope Norm ative references Terms and definitions Classification According to I SGs capability to withstand lightning current According to I SGs location installation Requirements General Environm ental requirem ents I nstallation instructions Lightning current carrying capability 5 Rated im pulse sparkover voltage Rated withstand voltage Rated DC withstand voltage Rated power frequency withstand voltage I solation resistance Marking 1 UV (ultraviolet) resistance 1 Tests 1 General conditions for tests 1 UV (ultraviolet) light test Resistance tests to corrosion Mechanical tests Electrical tests I solation resistance Withstand voltage Rated impulse sparkover voltage Lightning current 6 I nstallation instructions 6 General conditions for tests 6 Acceptance criteria 6 Marking test 6 General conditions for tests 6 Acceptance criteria Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Structure and content of the test report General Report identification Specimen description Standards and references Test procedure Testing equipm ent description 8 Measuring instruments description 8 Results and param eters recorded I EC 62561 -3: 201 © I EC 201 –3– Statem ent of pass/fail Annex A (normative) Flow chart of tests Annex B (normative) Environmental test for isolating spark gaps 21 B General 21 B Salt mist treatment 21 B Humid sulphurous atmosphere treatment 21 B Amm onia atm osphere treatment 21 Annex C (norm ative) Environm ental test for outdoor isolating spark gaps – Resistance to ultraviolet light 22 C General 22 C The tests 22 C First alternative test to C 22 C Second alternative test to C 22 Bibliograph y 23 Figure – Pendulum hamm er test apparatus Figure A – Flow chart of the sequence of tests for I SGs 20 Table – Lightning im pulse current ( Iim p ) parameters –4– I EC 62561 -3: 201 © I EC 201 INTERNATI ONAL ELECTROTECHNI CAL COMMISSI ON L I G H T N I N G P RO T E C T I O N S YS T E M C O M P O N E N T S ( L P S C ) – P a rt : Re q u i re m e n t s fo r i s o l a ti n g s p a rk g a p s ( I S G ) FOREWORD ) The I nternati on al Electrotechni cal Comm ission (I EC) is a worl d wid e organization for stan dardization com prisin g all n ation al el ectrotechnical comm ittees (I EC National Comm ittees) The object of I EC is to prom ote internati onal co-operation on all q uestions concerni ng stand ardi zati on in the el ectrical an d electronic fi elds To this en d and in additi on to other acti vities, I EC pu blish es I nternational Stan dards, Techn ical Specificati ons, Technical Reports, Publicl y Avail abl e Specificati ons (PAS) and Gu ides (h ereafter referred to as “I EC Publication(s)”) Th ei r preparation is entrusted to tech nical comm ittees; any I EC N ational Comm ittee interested in the subj ect dealt with m ay partici pate in this preparatory work I nternational, governm ental an d n on governm ental organ izations l iaising with th e I EC also participate i n this preparation I EC collaborates closel y with the I nternational Organi zation for Stand ardization (I SO) in accordance with ditions determ ined by agreem ent between th e two organi zati ons 2) The form al decisions or ag reem ents of I EC on tech nical m atters express, as n early as possible, an i nternati onal consensus of opi nion on the rel evant subjects since each technical com m ittee has representati on from all interested I EC N ational Com m ittees 3) I EC Publications have the form of recom m endations for intern ational use an d are accepted by I EC National Com m ittees in that sense While all reasonable efforts are m ade to ensure that th e tech nical content of I EC Publications is accu rate, I EC cann ot be h eld responsi ble for th e way in which th ey are used or for an y m isinterpretation by an y en d u ser 4) I n order to prom ote intern ational u niform ity, I EC National Com m ittees und ertake to apply I EC Publications transparentl y to the m axim um extent possible i n their national an d regi on al publicati ons Any d ivergence between an y I EC Publication and the correspondi ng national or regi on al publicati on sh all be clearl y in dicated in the latter 5) I EC itself d oes n ot provi de an y attestation of conform ity I n depend ent certificati on bodies provi de conform ity assessm ent services and, in som e areas, access to I EC m arks of conform ity I EC is not responsi ble for an y services carri ed out by ind ependent certification bodi es 6) All users shou ld ensure that they h ave the l atest editi on of thi s publicati on 7) No liability shall attach to I EC or its directors, em ployees, servants or ag ents inclu din g in divi du al experts and m em bers of its tech nical com m ittees and I EC Nati on al Com m ittees for any person al i nju ry, property d am age or other dam age of any n ature whatsoever, wheth er di rect or indirect, or for costs (includ i ng leg al fees) and expenses arisi ng out of the publ ication, use of, or relian ce upon, this I EC Publicati on or any other I EC Publications 8) Attention is drawn to th e N orm ative references cited in th is publ ication Use of the referenced publ ications is indispensable for the correct applicati on of this publication 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that som e of the elem ents of this I EC Publication m ay be the su bject of patent rig hts I EC shall not be held responsibl e for identifyi ng any or all such patent ri ghts I nternational Standard I EC 62561 -3 has been prepared by I EC technical comm ittee 81 : Lightning protection This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, published in 201 This edition constitutes a technical revision This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition a) a new classification has been added related to I SGs location installation; b) an updated flow chart of tests has been developed I EC 62561 -3: 201 © I EC 201 –5– The text of this I nternational Standard is based on the following documents: FDI S Report on votin g 81 /561 /FDI S 81 /566/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this I nternational Standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table This docum ent has been drafted in accordance with the I SO/I EC Directives, Part A list of all parts in the I EC 62561 series, published under the general title Lightning protection system components (LPSC) , can be found on the I EC website The com mittee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the I EC website under "http://webstore iec ch" in the data related to the specific document At this date, the document will be • • • • reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or am ended A bilingual version of this publication m ay be issued at a later date –6– I EC 62561 -3: 201 © I EC 201 INTRODUCTION This part of I EC 62561 deals with the requirements and tests for lightning protection system com ponents (LPSC), specificall y isolating spark gaps (I SG) used for the installation of a lightning protection system (LPS) designed and im plemented according to the I EC 62305 series I EC 62561 -3: 201 © I EC 201 –7– L I G H T N I N G P RO T E C T I O N S YS T E M C O M P O N E N T S ( L P S C ) – P a rt : Re q u i re m e n t s fo r i s o l a ti n g s p a rk g a p s ( I S G ) S cop e This part of I EC 62561 specifies the requirem ents and tests for isolating spark gaps (I SG) for lightning protection system s I SGs can be used to indirectl y bond a lightning protection system to other nearby metalwork where a direct bond is not perm issible for functional reasons Typical applications include the connection to • • • • • • • • earth-termination system s of power installations, earth-termination systems of telecomm unication systems, auxiliary earth electrodes of voltage-operated, earth fault circuit breakers, rail earth electrode of power and DC railways, m easuring earth electrodes for laboratories, installations with cathodic protection and stray current system s, service entry m asts for low-voltage overhead cables, bypassing insulated flanges and insulated couplings of pipelines This does not cover applications where follow currents occur NOTE Lig htnin g protection system com ponents (LPSC) can also be suitable for use i n h azard ous conditi ons such as fire and expl osive atm osphere Due reg ard wil l be taken of th e extra requi rem ents necessary for th e com ponents to be i nstalled in such conditi ons N o rm a t i ve re fe re n c e s The following docum ents are referred to in the text in such a way that som e or all of their content constitutes requirements of this docum ent For dated references, onl y the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced docum ent (including an y am endm ents) applies I EC 60068-2-52: 996, En viro n m e n ta l te stin g – Pa rt 2- 52: Te sts – Te st Kb : Sa lt m is t, (sodium ch lo ride so lutio n ) I EC 60068-2-75: 997, En viron m e n ta l te s tin g – Pa rt 2-75: Te sts – Te s t Eh : Ha m m e r te sts cyclic _ n d edition (1 996) A rd editi on I EC 60068-2-52: En viro n m e n ta l te s tin g – Pa rt 2-52: Te sts – Te s t Kb : Sa lt m ist, cyclic (so dium ch lo ride so lutio n ) is und er preparation Stag e at the tim e of publication: I EC PRVC 60068-2-52: 201 st editi on (1 997) This st edition was replaced in 201 by a n d ed ition I EC 60068-2-75: 201 4, En viro n m e n ta l te stin g – Pa rt 2-75: Te sts – Te st Eh : Ha m m e r te sts –8– I EC 62561 -3: 201 © I EC 201 ISO 4892-2: 2006, Plastics – Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources – Part 2: Xenonarc lamps I EC 62561 -1 , Lightning protection system components (LPSC) – Part : Requirements for connection components I SO 4892-3: 2006, Plastics – Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources – Part 3: Fluorescent UV lamps I SO 4892-4, Plastics – Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources – Part 4: Open-flame carbon-arc lamps I SO 6957: 988, Copper alloys – Ammonia test for stress corrosion resistance I SO 6988: 985, Metallic and other non-organic coatings – Sulphur dioxide test with general condensation of moisture T e rm s a n d d e fi n i t i o n s For the purposes of this docum ent, the following term s and definitions apply I SO and I EC maintain term inological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: I EC Electropedia: available at http://www electropedia org/ I SO Online browsing platform : available at http: //www iso.org/obp • • i s o l ati n g s p a rk g a p ISG component with discharge distance for isolating electricall y conductive installation sections Note to entry: I n the event of a lightni ng strike, the isol ated sections are tem poraril y connected conducti vel y as the result of response to the d i scharg e s p a rko v e r v o l t a g e maxim um voltage value before disruptive discharge between the electrodes of the I SG 3 wi th s ta n d vo l ta g e value of the test voltage to be applied under specified conditions in a withstand test, during which a specified number of disruptive discharges is tolerated p o w e r fre q u e n c y w i t h s t a n d vo l tag e r.m s value of a sinusoidal power frequency voltage that the I SG can withstand D C wi th s ta n d vol tag e value of a DC voltage that the I SG can withstand _ n d editi on (2006) This n d ed i tion was replaced in 201 by a rd ed ition I SO 4892-2: 201 3, Plastics – Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources – Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps n d edition (2006) This n d edi tion was replaced i n 201 by a rd edition: I SO 4892-3: 201 , Plastics – Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources – Part 3: Fluorescent UV lamps – 12 – I EC 62561 -3: 201 © I EC 201 U V (u ltravi ol et) l i gh t test This test is necessary for I SGs designed to be installed outdoors or in specific environm ents ISG housings for outdoor application shall withstand U V light effects One set of three new specimens shall be assembled and m ounted rigidl y on an insu lating plate (e g brick, pol ytetrafluoroeth ylene (PTFE)) in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions The specimens shall be subjected to an environmental test consisting of an ultraviolet light test as specified in Annex C The specimens are deem ed to have passed this part of the test if there are no signs of disintegration and no cracks visible to normal or corrected vision Ensure that the surface of the m ounting plate is suitable to resist U V radiation Resi stan ce tests to corrosi on This test is necessary for I SGs having metallic parts designed to be installed outdoors or in specific environm ents The specimens used in and com pl ying with the test in 2, shall be subjected to corrosion tests as per Annex B After the parts have been dried during m in in a drying oven at a temperature of 00 ºC ± ºC, they shall not present an y trace of rust on surfaces Traces of rust on the edges or a yellowish stain rem oved by rubbing are n ot taken into account White rust, patina and other surface oxidations are not considered as corrosive deterioration M ech an ical tests All specimens compl ying with and 6.3 shall be stressed three times by mechanical im pacts The impacts are carried out on the accessible parts of the I SG, which may be mech anicall y stressed accidentally The specimens are assembled under their norm al operating conditions specified in the manufacturer’s docum entation The I SG is m ounted on a pendulum hamm er test apparatus according to I EC 60068-2-75: 997, Clause 4, as shown in Figure The striking element m aterial shall be pol yam ide as per I EC 60068-2-75: 997, Table , and its m ass shall be 200 g as per IEC 60068-2-75: 997, Table I EC 62561 -3: 201 © I EC 201 – 13 – Dim ensions in m illim etres IEC Ke y pen dul um fram e heig ht of fall specim en m ounting fi xture F i g u re – P en d u l u m h am m er tes t app aratu s The hammer shall fall from a height of 200 mm so that one im pact on each side is applied, as far as possible perpendicular to the length of the arrangement The drop height is the vertical distance between the position of the point of control, when the pendulum is rel eased, and the position of this point at the time of the impact The point of control is located on the surface of the strikin g part where the line passing through the point of intersection of the axes of the steel tube of the pendulum and the part of striking, perpendicular to the plane crossing the two axes, com es into contact with the surface The im pacts are not applied to the connectors NOTE I n theory, th e centre of gravity of the strikin g part should be the point of control As, in practice, it is difficult to determ ine the centre of gravity, the point of control has been chosen as descri bed above – 14 – I EC 62561 -3: 201 © I EC 201 After the test, the I SG shall show no cracks or similar damage visible to norm al or corrected vision without m agnification and shall not present dam age which can potentiall y affect its later use E l e c t ri c a l te s t s I s o l a ti o n re s i s t a n c e The test is conducted with a DC voltage of 0, tim es the rated withstand voltage up to a maxim um of 500 V The resistance shall be m easured after 30 s of appl ying the test voltage The specimen is deem ed to have passed the test if the resistance is equal or greater than 500 k Ω 6 Wi t h s t a n d v o l t a g e G e n e l The rated withstand voltages shall be tested according to the value declared by the manufacturer in accordance with P o w e r fre q u e n c y w i t h s t a n d G e n e l vol tag e c o n d i t i o n s fo r t e s t s The rated power frequency withstand voltage is tested by appl ying an AC voltage at the terminals of the I SG The voltage is increased continuousl y at a rate of 00 V/s with a nominal frequency of 50 H z or 60 H z until the r.m s value as declared by the m anufacturer is reached and this is maintained for a tim e of 60 s ± s The prospective short-circuit current of the source m ay be lim ited to a minim um value of m A Ac c e p t a n c e c ri t e ri a The specimens are deemed to have passed the test if during the application of the test voltage the I SG does not spark over, or conduct a leakage current exceeding m A D C wi th s t a n d G e n e l vo l tag e c o n d i t i o n s fo r t e s t s The rated DC withstand voltage shall be tested by appl ying a DC voltage at the term inals of the I SG The voltage shall be increased continuousl y at a rate of 00 V/s until the value as declared by the m anufacturer is reached and this is m aintained for a time of 60 s ± s The prospective short circuit current of the source m ay be limited to a m inimum value of m A Ac c e p t a n c e c ri t e ri a The specimens are deemed to have passed the test if during the application of the test voltage the I SG does not spark over, or conduct a leakage current exceeding m A I EC 62561 -3: 201 © I EC 201 Ra t e d – 15 – i m p u l s e s p a rk o v e r v o l t a g e G e n e l c o n d i t i o n s fo r t e s t s An im pulse voltage , 2/50 μ s with a peak value of the declared impulse sparkover voltage shall be applied at the terminals of the I SG The test is performed with five surges of positive and negative polarity and the I SG has to spark over at each test impulse Ac c e p t a n c e c ri t e ri a The specimens are deem ed to have passed the test if they have operated at each test im pulse and no signs of cracks or punctures appear on the enclosures Li g h tn i n g G e n e l c u rre n t c o n d i t i o n s fo r t e s t s After and the conditioning according to Annex B, the specimens shall be pre-stressed with a test current of 0, Iim p , followed by a second test current of Iim p after the I SG has cooled down close to ambient temperature The im pulse discharge current passing through the device under test is defined by the crest value Iim p , the charge Q and the specific energ y W/R The im pulse current shall show no reversal and reach Iim p within 50 µs The transfer of the charge Q shall occur within ms and the specific energ y W/R shall be dissipated within m s All the param eters are given in Table Tabl e ISG a – Li g h tn i n g i m p u l s e c u rre n t ( I imp ) p a m e t e rs a Ii m p Q W/R kA ± % As −+20 10 % kJ /Ω −+45 10 % H 00 50 500 N 50 25 625 1L 25 2, 56 2L 10 25 3L 5 6, 25 c l a s s i fi c a t i o n The param eters are deri ved from the rd edition of I EC 62305-1 which is u nd er preparati on NOTE When a li ghtn ing cu rrent flows in an arc, a shock wave is produced The severity of the sh ock is depend ent upon the peak current an d th e rate of rise of the cu rrent The sh orter th e rise tim e, the greater th e severity I n gen eral, th e acoustic shock wave can cause dam age to the surrou ndi ng com ponents, such as the enclosure of th e I SG Ac c e p t a n c e c ri t e ri a The specim ens are deem ed to have passed the test if no signs of cracks or punctures appear on the enclosures After the current test, the tests according to , and shall be carried out – 16 – 6 I n s ta l l a ti o n 6 G e n e l I EC 62561 -3: 201 © I EC 201 i n s t ru c t i o n s c o n d i t i o n s fo r t e s t s The content of the installation instructi ons is checked as per its completeness by review 6 Ac c e p t a n c e c ri t e ri a Installation instructions are deem ed to have passed the test if they contain at least the following: a) b) c) d) e) f) classification and lightning current capability ( Iim p ); rated withstand voltage; rated power frequency wi thstand voltage ( UW AC ); rated DC withstand voltage ( UW DC ); assembly instructions with installation location (if crucial to the function); appropriate connection components for the installation if not part of the I SG M a rki n g t e s t G e n e l c o n d i t i o n s fo r t e s t s The m arking is checked by inspection and by rubbing it by hand for s with a piece of cloth soaked with water and again for s with a piece of cloth soaked with white spirit/mineral spirit Marking made by moulding, pressing or engraving is not subj ected to this test Ac c e p t a n c e c ri t e ri a The specimen is deemed to have passed the test if the m arking remains legible E l e c t ro m a g n e t i c c o m p a t i b i l i t y ( E M C ) Products covered by this document are, in norm al use, passive in respect of electromagnetic influences (emission and im munity) 8 S t ru c t u re a n d c o n t e n t o f t h e t e s t re p o rt G e n e l The purpose of Clause is to provide general requirements for laboratory test reports I t is intended to prom ote clear, com plete reporting procedures for laboratories submitting test reports The results of each test carried out by the testing laboratory shall be reported accuratel y, clearl y, unambiguousl y and obj ectivel y, in accordance with an y instructions in the test methods The results shall be reported in a test report and shall include all the inform ation necessary for the interpretation of the test results and all inform ation requi red by the m ethod used Particular care and attention shall be paid to the arrangement of the report, especiall y with regard to presentation of the test data and ease of assim ilation by the reader The form at shall be carefull y and specificall y designed for each type of test carried out, but the headings shall be standardized as indicated below I EC 62561 -3: 201 © I EC 201 – 17 – The structure of each report shall include at least information specified in to Report i d en ti fi cati on The following inform ation shall be included 5: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) Speci m en d escri pti on a) b) c) d) e) f) Sample description Detailed description and unambiguous identification of the test sam ple and/or test assembl y, for example part num ber, type, classification, material, dim ensions Characterization and condition of the test sample and/or test assembly Sam pling procedure, where relevant Date of receipt of test samples Photographs, drawings or an y other visual docum entation , if available Stan d ard s an d referen ces a) b) c) A title or subject of the report Nam e and email address or telephone number of the testing laboratory Nam e, address and telephone num ber of the sub-testing laboratory where the test was carried out, if different from the com pan y which has been assigned to perform the test Unique identification number (or serial num ber) of the test report Nam e and address of the vendor Report shall be paginated and the total number of pages indicated on each page, including appendices or annexes Date of issue of the report Date(s) test(s) was (were) performed Signature and title, or an equivalent identification of the person(s) authorized to sign by the testing laboratory for the content of the report Signature and title of person(s) conducting the test(s) I dentification of the test standard used and the date of issue of the standard Reference to this document may onl y be m ade if the full set of tests is perform ed and reported, except where th e deviations are clearl y j ustified in 8.5 b) Other relevant documentation with the documentation date Test proced u re a) b) c) d) e) Description of the test procedure Justification for an y deviations from , additions to or exclusions from the referenced standard An y other inform ation relevant to a specific test such as environmental conditions Configuration of testing assembly and m easuring set up Location of the arrangem ent in the testing area and m easuring techniques _ I t is suggested to insert i n the test report a specific d eclarati on to avoi d its m isuse A decl arati on exam ple is: “This type test report m ay not be reproduced other th an in full, except with the prior written approval of the issuing testing l aboratory Thi s type test report on ly covers the sam ples su bm itted for test and d oes not produce evi dence of the quality for series production ” – 18 – I EC 62561 -3: 201 © I EC 201 Testin g eq u ipm en t d escription Description of equipment used for every test conducted, for exam ple generators, conditioning/ageing devices M easu ri n g i n stru m en ts descripti on Characteristics and calibration dates of all instruments used for measuring the values specified in this docum ent, for exam ple shunts, oscilloscopes, ohmm eters, torque meters 8 Resu lts an d param eters record ed a) The required passing criteria for each test, defined in the standard b) The m easured, observed or derived results shall be clearl y identified at least for: • isolation resistance, • withstand voltage (power frequency withstand voltage, DC withstand voltage), • rated spark over voltage, • lightning current carrying capability (current, charge, specific energ y, duration), • connection com ponent test results as per d) (ohmic resistance, tightening and loosening torques), • marking, • statem ent of U V resistance The above shall be presented by means of tables, graphs, drawings, photographs or other docum entation of visual observations as appropriate Statem en t of pass/fai l A statem ent of pass/fail is necessary, identifying the part of the test for which the specim en has failed and also a description of the failure