Bsi bs en 16584 3 2017

BS EN 16584-3:2017 BSI Standards Publication Railway applications — Design for PRM use — General requirements Part 3: Optical and friction characteristics BS EN 16584-3:2017 BRITISH STANDARD National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16584-3:2017 The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RAE/1/-/15, Railway Applications - People with Reduced Mobility A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application © The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017 ISBN 978 580 74360 ICS 11.180.01; 45.020 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2017 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected BS EN 16584-3:2017 EN 16584-3 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM January 2017 ICS 11.180.01; 45.020 English Version Railway applications - Design for PRM use - General requirements - Part 3: Optical and friction characteristics Applications ferroviaires - Conception destinée l'usage par les PMR - Exigences générales - Partie : Caractéristiques optiques et de friction Bahnanwendungen - Gestaltung für die Nutzung durch PRM - Allgemeine Anforderungen - Teil 3: Optische Eigenschaften und Rutschfestigkeit This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 September 2016 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members Ref No EN 16584-3:2017 E BS EN 16584-3:2017 EN 16584-3:2017 (E) Contents Page European foreword Scope Normative references Terms and definitions Symbols and abbreviations 5.1 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 5.2.6 5.2.7 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.4 Requirements and assessment General Infrastructure Obstacle free route Floor surfaces Transparent obstacles Lighting Visual information: signposting, pictograms, dynamic information 10 Platform danger area and edge of platform 10 Level track crossings 11 Rolling stock 11 Interior doors 11 Lighting 11 Access/egress steps 11 Boarding aids (ramps, lifts, movable steps and bridging plates) for infrastructure and rolling stock 11 6.1 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.4 6.1.5 Assessment methodologies 12 Slip resistance test 12 Principle 12 Preparation and procedure 12 Expression of results 13 Test Report 13 Friction test piece 13 Annex A (normative) EC verification 15 A.1 Interoperability constituents 15 A.1.1 Conformity assessment 15 A.1.2 Application of modules 15 A.2 Subsystems 16 A.2.1 EC verification (general) 16 A.2.2 Procedures for EC verification of a subsystem (modules) 16 Annex B (normative) Summary of testing requirements 18 Annex C (informative) Colour temperature for lighting 20 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC aimed to be covered 21 Bibliography 22 BS EN 16584-3:2017 EN 16584-3:2017 (E) European foreword This document (EN 16584-3:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2017 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC For relationship with EU Directive 2008/57/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document This document is part of a suite of four ‘Design for PRM use’ standards that have in total nine parts: — The EN 16584 series is a standard that covers both infrastructure and rolling stock — Railway applications — Design for PRM use — General requirements: — Part 1: Contrast (EN 16584-1); — Part 2: Information (EN 16584-2); — Part 3: Optical and friction characteristics (EN 16584-3) — The EN 16585 series is a standard that covers rolling stock — Railway applications — Design for PRM use — Equipment and components on board rolling stock: — Part 1: Toilets (EN 16585-1); — Part 2: Elements for sitting, standing and moving (EN 16585-2); — Part 3: Clearways and internal doors (EN 16585-3) — The EN 16586 series is a standard that covers rolling stock — Railway applications — Design for PRM use — Accessibility of persons with reduced mobility to rolling stock: — Part 1: Steps for access and egress (EN 16586-1); — Part 2: Boarding aids (EN 16586-2) — EN 16587 is a standard that covers infrastructure — Railway applications — Design for PRM use — Requirements for obstacle free routes for infrastructure BS EN 16584-3:2017 EN 16584-3:2017 (E) These standards aim to clarify the requirements (with clear and consistent terms and definitions) and to define the associated criteria and, where appropriate, methodologies to allow a clear pass/fail assessment According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom BS EN 16584-3:2017 EN 16584-3:2017 (E) Scope This European standard describes the specific ‘Design for PRM use’ requirements applying to both infrastructure and rolling stock and the assessment of those requirements The following applies to this standard: — The definitions and requirements describe specific aspects of ‘Design for PRM use’ required by persons with disabilities and persons with reduced mobility as defined in the PRM TSI — This standard defines elements that are universally valid for obstacle free travelling including lighting, contrast, tactile feedback, transmission of visual and acoustic information The definitions and requirements of this standard cover the infrastructure and rolling stock applications — This standard only refers to aspects of accessibility for PRM passengers it does not define non PRM related requirements and definitions — This standard assumes that the infrastructure or rolling stock is in its defined operating condition — Where minimum or maximum dimensions are quoted these are absolute NOT nominal requirements The ‘General requirements’ standard is written in three parts: — Part contains: — contrast — Part contains: — spoken information; — written information; — tactile information; — pictograms — This document is Part and contains: — lighting; — low reflective properties; — transparent obstacles; — slip resistance BS EN 16584-3:2017 EN 16584-3:2017 (E) Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies EN 1838, Lighting applications — Emergency lighting EN 12464 (series), Light and lighting — Lighting of work places EN 13272:2012, Railway applications — Electrical lighting for rolling stock in public transport systems EN 16584-1, Railway applications — Design for PRM use — General Requirements — Part 1: Contrast EN 16584-2, Railway applications — Design for PRM use — General Requirements — Part 2: Information prEN 16587:2013, Railway applications — Design for PRM use — Requirements for Obstacle Free Routes for Infrastructure EN ISO 2813, Paints and varnishes - Determination of gloss value at 20°, 60° and 85° (ISO 2813) ISO 4649, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of abrasion resistance using a rotating cylindrical drum device ISO 21542, Building construction — Accessibility and usability of the built environment Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply 3.1 contrast perception of a difference visually between one surface or element of a building/rail vehicle and another by reference to their light reflectance values (LRV) or luminance values Note to entry: See BS 8300:2009+A1:2010 for further information Note to entry: The measured range of LRV is between points and 100 points 3.2 Light Reflectance Value LRV total quantity of visible light that is reflected by a surface at all wavelengths and directions when illuminated by a light source 3.3 low reflective properties characteristics that reduce reflection of light from a surface BS EN 16584-3:2017 EN 16584-3:2017 (E) 3.4 pictogram graphical symbol, diagram or figure with a particular meaning which directly represents or conveys its meaning independently of language through a pictorial representation of a physical object, action or character Note to entry: Refer to ISO 7001:2007, ISO/TR 7239 and ISO 9186 for rules regarding graphical symbols and frames 3.5 slip resistant surface finish that is sufficiently rough or otherwise specially formulated so that friction between the surface and a person's footwear or mobility aid is maintained at an acceptable level in both wet and dry conditions Note to entry: Snow and ice are outside this definition and this standard, therefore other special measures (e.g operational) should be taken for steps and platforms etc that are exposed to these weather conditions 3.6 spoken information information audibly communicated in words Note to entry: This can be direct, pre-recorded or synthesized information 3.7 station any form of infrastructure where a train operates and passengers can board or alight in normal operation 3.8 station building any building or structure within the confines of the station in areas for use by passengers which can be open at different times to the overall station Note to entry: This does not include other commercial structures that are not essential for travel 3.9 tactile information that is understood through the physical sense of touch Note to entry: Tactile signs, controls, symbols, pictograms, guide path and braille or raised characters are a physical means by which tactile information is provided 3.10 transparent obstacle obstacle that allows objects or images to be seen as if there were no intervening material, seen through with a level of clarity Note to entry: transmission Transparency in this standard is when an obstacle allows at least 50 % direct light 3.11 visual acuity clearness or acuteness of vision BS EN 16584-3:2017 EN 16584-3:2017 (E) 3.12 visual information written information, pictograms and markings 3.13 written information information visually communicated in words, letters and numerals, excluding pictograms and markings Symbols and abbreviations Table — Abbreviations Abbreviation Designation CIE International Commission on Illumination ISO International Organization for Standardization EN European Standard (Euronorm) TSI Technical Specification for Interoperability Table — Symbols Symbol Designation Unit Hz unit of frequency Hertz LRV Light Reflectance Value point K lx m mm s unit of temperature unit of illuminance unit of length unit of length unit of time Requirements and assessment Kelvin lux metre millimetre second 5.1 General Assessment of the requirements identified in Clause shall be according to Annex A and Annex B Where additional assessment criteria apply, these will be identified against the relevant clause All dimensions in the figures are in millimetres (mm) unless otherwise stated 5.2 Infrastructure 5.2.1 Obstacle free route Obstacle free route floor surfaces and ground surfaces shall have low reflective properties — The assessment shall be in accordance with EN ISO 2813 for paints and varnishes, an achieved gloss level of 50 or lower shall be assumed to be compliant For any other ground material and/or surface materials an assessment is not necessary BS EN 16584-3:2017 EN 16584-3:2017 (E) Assessment methodologies 6.1 Slip resistance test 6.1.1 Principle This test method is to determine the slip resistance of the surface of entrance steps, separate, attachable or integral, ramps and lifts The slip resistance test methodology described below is a specific test for entrance steps, ramps and lifts and is an extract from EN 1645-1 / EN 1646-1 6.1.2 Preparation and procedure a) Place the step, ramp or lift surface (separate, attachable or integral) in a horizontal position ± 2° (3,5 %) (See Figure 1); b) carry out the test at an ambient temperature of 15 °C ± 10 °C; c) roughen the surface of the rubber sole of the friction test piece once before each test by placing it on a sheet of grade 60 to 63 emery paper and pull it, at a constant rate of (150 ± 10) mm/s, a distance of 300 mm across the surface of the emery paper; d) spray evenly the top surface of the tread to be tested with a minimum of litre of drinking water immediately prior to carrying out procedures e) and f); e) place the friction test piece (see Figure 2) upon the step; f) apply a horizontal force of 150 N for approximately 10 s, using a load cell, to the friction test piece during which there shall be no visually discernible movement of the friction test piece; g) for devices external to the vehicle the test shall be carried out in three directions as shown in Figure 1a); h) for internal step, ramp or lift surface(s) for access/egress to the vehicle tests shall be carried out in the direction as shown in Figure 1b); i) 12 the above procedures d), e), f), g) and h) shall be carried out as many times as necessary to test the complete surface of the device(s) or the tread(s) of the step(s) BS EN 16584-3:2017 EN 16584-3:2017 (E) a ) friction test piece shown on any step or device external to the vehicle Key Friction test piece (see Figure 2) F horizontal force of 150 N b) friction test piece shown on internal step for access or egress to the vehicle Figure — Slip resistance test 6.1.3 Expression of results The vehicle shall be considered to have passed the test and for its step, ramp or lift surface(s) to be suitably slip resistant in accordance with the requirements if during the test as described in 6.1.2 there was no visually discernible movement of the friction test piece 6.1.4 Test Report A test report shall be prepared stating whether the device passed or failed the test The report shall state the following, if applicable: a) the approximate degree of movement of the friction test piece on the step, ramp or lift surface; b) the position of the friction test piece on the step, ramp or lift surface(s) when movement was discerned 6.1.5 Friction test piece The friction test piece comprises a 30 kg steel block, 200 mm long, 100 mm wide approximately 190 mm deep (depending on the density of the steel) with an mm thick rubber sole bonded to its base The rubber sole shall be as specified in ISO 4649 A typical friction test piece is shown in Figure 13 BS EN 16584-3:2017 EN 16584-3:2017 (E) Dimensions in millimetres Key pulling hook securely attached mm rubber sole Figure — Typical friction test piece 14 BS EN 16584-3:2017 EN 16584-3:2017 (E) Annex A (normative) EC verification A.1 Interoperability constituents A.1.1 Conformity assessment An EC declaration of conformity or suitability for use shall be drawn up by the manufacturer or his authorized representative established in the Union before placing an 'interoperability constituent' on the market The conformity assessment of an interoperability constituent shall be according to the prescribed module(s) of that particular constituent specified in A.1.2 of this standard A.1.2 Application of modules The modules for the EC certification of conformity of interoperability constituents are listed in Table A.1: Table A.1 — Modules for EC certification of conformity of interoperability constituents Module CA Internal production control Module CA2 Internal production control plus product verification at random intervals Module CA1 Module CB Module CC Module CD Module CF Module CH Module CH1 Module CV Internal production control plus product verification by individual examination EC-Type examination Conformity to type based on internal production control Conformity to type based on quality management system of the production process Conformity to type based on product verification Conformity based on full quality management system Conformity based on full quality management system plus design examination Type validation by in service experience (Suitability for use) The manufacturer or his authorized representative established within the Union shall choose one of the modules or module combinations indicated in Table A.2 for the constituent to be assessed: 15 BS EN 16584-3:2017 EN 16584-3:2017 (E) Table A.2 — Combination of modules for EC certification of conformity of interoperability constituents Clause Constituents to be assessed 5.3 Boarding aids (ramps, lifts and bridging plates) Module CA Module CA1 or CA2a X Module CB +CC Module CB +CD Module CB +CF X X Modul Module e CHa CH1 X X Modules CA1, CA2 or CH may be used only in the case of products manufactured according to a design developed and already used to place products on the market before the application of relevant TSIs applicable to those products, provided that the manufacturer demonstrates to the notified body that design review and type examination were performed for previous applications under comparable conditions, and are in conformity with the requirements of the relevant TSI; this demonstration shall be documented, and is considered as providing the same level of proof as module CB or design examination according to module CH1 a A.2 Subsystems A.2.1 EC verification (general) The EC verification procedure shall be performed according to the prescribed modules(s) specified in point A.2.2 of this standard For the infrastructure subsystem, if the applicant demonstrates that tests or assessments of a subsystem or parts of a subsystem are the same or have been successful for previous applications of a design, the notified body shall consider the results of these tests and assessments for the EC verification The approval process and the contents of the assessment shall be defined between the applicant and a notified body according to the requirements defined in the relevant TSI and in conformance with the rules set out in section of this TSI A.2.2 Procedures for EC verification of a subsystem (modules) The modules for the EC verification of subsystems are listed in the Table A.3: Table A.3 — Modules for the EC verification of subsystems Module SB EC-type examination Module SF EC verification based on product verification Module SD Module SG Module SH1 EC verification based on quality management system of the production process EC verification based on unit verification EC verification based on full quality management system plus design examination The applicant shall choose one of the modules or module combinations indicated in Table A.4 16 BS EN 16584-3:2017 EN 16584-3:2017 (E) Table A.4 — Combination of modules for the EC verification of subsystems Subsystem to be assessed Module SB+SD Module SB+SF Rolling stock subsystem X X Infrastructure subsystem Module SG X Module SH1 X X The characteristics of the subsystem to be assessed during the relevant phases are indicated in Annex B, Table B.1 for infrastructure subsystem and Table B.3 for rolling stock subsystem The applicant shall confirm that each subsystem produced complies with the type 17 BS EN 16584-3:2017 EN 16584-3:2017 (E) Annex B (normative) Summary of testing requirements The sub-system characteristics that shall be assessed in the different phases of design, development and production are marked by 'X' in Table B.1 for infrastructure subsystem Table B.1 — Test plan for infrastructure requirements Assessment of the infrastructure subsystem (constructed and supplied as single entity) Design and development phase Construction phase Design review and/or design examination Site inspection 5.2.1 Obstacle free route X (X) a 5.2.3 Transparent obstacles X (X) a Feature to be tested (all subclauses included) 5.2.2 Floor surfaces 5.2.4 Lighting 5.2.5 Visual information: signposting, pictograms, dynamic information 5.2.6 Platform danger area and edge of platform 5.2.7 Level track crossings 5.4 Boarding aids (ramps, lifts and bridging plates) X X (X) a X X (X) a X (X) a X X (X) a (X) a As-built drawings shall be provided or a site inspection shall be carried out when the realization differs from the design rules or drawings that were examined a The subsystem characteristics that shall be assessed in the different phases of design, development and production are marked by X in Table B.2 for interoperable constituents 18 BS EN 16584-3:2017 EN 16584-3:2017 (E) Table B.2 — Test plan for interoperable constituents Assessment in the following phase Design and development phase Interoperability constituents and characteristics to be assessed Production phase Verification Design of review Review of manufacturing Type test conformity and/or to type process design examination 5.4 Platform ramps X X X 5.4 Movable step and bridging plate X X X 5.4 Platform lifts 5.4 On-board ramp 5.4 On-board lift X X X X X X X X X The sub-system characteristics that shall be assessed in the different phases of design, development and production are marked by X in Table B.3 for rolling stock subsystem Table B.3 — Test plan for rolling stock requirements Design and development phase Design review and/or design examination Type test 5.3.1 Interior doors X X 5.3.3 Access/egress steps X Characteristics to be assessed 5.3.2 Lighting 5.4 Boarding aids (ramps, lifts, movable steps and bridging plates) X Production phase Routine test X X X 19 BS EN 16584-3:2017 EN 16584-3:2017 (E) Annex C (informative) Colour temperature for lighting Table C.1 indicates colour temperatures for typical light sources Table C.1 — Indicative colour temperatures for lighting Temperature K 700 match flame and oil lamps 300 early morning sunrise 850 700 to 300 400 800 100 000 500 - 000 420 500 NOTE 20 Source 300 candle flame incandescent light bulb studio lamps, photofloods, etc fluorescent lights moonlight warm / horizon daylight cool daylight (12h00 midday), electric flash xenon arc lamp daylight, overcast TV (analogue) screen These temperatures are characteristic examples; considerable variation can be present BS EN 16584-3:2017 EN 16584-3:2017 (E) Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2008/57/EC aimed to be covered This European Standard has been prepared under a Commission’s standardization request M/483 to provide one voluntary means of conforming to the Essential Requirements of the Directive 2008/57/EC on the interoperability of the rail system (recast) and with the associated TSIs Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive 2008/57/EC, compliance with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 for PRM TSI confers, within the limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding Essential Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations and with the TSI requirements 21 BS EN 16584-3:2017 EN 16584-3:2017 (E) Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard, the Commission Regulation (EU) No 1300/2014 of 18 November 2014 on the technical specifications for interoperability relating to accessibility of the Union's rail system for persons with disabilities and persons with reduced mobility and repealing Decision 2008/164/EC (published in the Official Journal L 356, 12.12.2014, p.110) and Directive 2008/57/EC Clause/subclauses of Chapter/§/annexes of the this European Technical Specification Standard for Interoperability (TSI) Clauses 3, 4, 5, Annexes A, B Corresponding text, articles/§/annexes of the Directive 2008/57/EC Characterisation of the subsystems Annex III, Essential Requirements 4.2.1 Infrastructure Subsystem 1.1 Safety 4.2 Functional and technical specifications 4.2.2 Rolling Stock Subsystem Interoperability constituents General requirements Clauses 1.1.1, 1.1.5 1.2 Reliability and availability Comments The Essential Requirements incorporate those relating to Accessibility added to Directive 2008/57/EC by Commission Directive 2013/9/EU 1.3 Health 5.3 List and characteristics 1.6 Accessibility of constituents Clause 1.6.1 5.3.1 Infrastructure 5.3.2 Rolling stock Assessment of conformity and/or suitability for use 6.1 Interoperability constituents 6.2 Subsystems Requirements specific to each subsystem 2.1 Infrastructure Clauses 2.1.1, 2.1.2 2.4 Rolling stock Appendix D: Assessment of Clauses 2.4.1§4, 5, 6, 7, 8, interoperability 9, 10, 2.4.2, 2.4.3, 2.4.5 constituents Appendix E: Assessment of the subsystems Appendix N: PRM Signage WARNING — Presumption of conformity stays valid only as long as a reference to this European Standard is maintained in the list published in the Official Journal of the European Union Users of this standard should consult frequently the latest list published in the Official Journal of the European Union WARNING — Other Union legislation may be applicable to the products falling within the scope of this standard 22 BS EN 16584-3:2017 EN 16584-3:2017 (E) Bibliography [1] BS 8300:2009+A1 2010, Design of buildings and their approaches to meet the needs of disabled people Code of practice [2] EN 1645-1, Leisure accommodation vehicles — Caravans — Part 1: Habitation requirements relating to health and safety [4] EN 16585-1, Railway applications — Design for PRM use — Equipment and components on board rolling stock — Part 1: Toilets [3] [5] [6] [7] EN 1646-1, Leisure accommodation vehicles — Motor caravans — Part 1: Habitation requirements relating to health and safety EN 16585-2, Railway applications — Design for PRM use — Equipment and components on board rolling stock — Part 2: Elements for sitting, standing and moving EN 16585-3, Railway applications — Design for PRM use — Equipment and components on board rolling stock — Part 3: Passageways and internal doors prEN 16586-1:2013, Railway applications — Design for PRM use — Accessibility of persons with reduced mobility to rolling stock — Part 1: Steps for egress and access [8] prEN 16586-2:2013, Railway applications — Design for PRM use — Accessibility of persons with reduced mobility to rolling stock — Part 2: Boarding aids [9] Commission Regulation (EU) No 1300/2014 of 18 November 2014 on the technical specifications for interoperability relating to accessibility of the Union's rail system for persons with disabilities and persons with reduced mobility; OJEU L 356, 12.12.2014 [10] [11] [12] [13] ISO 7001:2007, Graphical symbols — Public information symbols ISO/TR 7239, Development and principles for application of public information symbols ISO 9186-1, Graphical symbols — Test methods — Part 1: Method for testing comprehensibility ISO 9186-2, Graphical symbols 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