22 in 179 BCE During this time, the food sector—mainly focusing on wet rice cultivation— was started by pre historic tribes, who domesticated riverine wild rice plants into viand rice, switching from[.]
22 in 179 BCE During this time, the food sector—mainly focusing on wet-rice cultivation— was started by pre-historic tribes, who domesticated riverine wild rice plants into viand rice, switching from hunting-gathering to farming, which also marked the Viet people as among the first commune in East Asian region to practice the wet-rice based agriculture (Pham, 2006) The country was geographically narrow with approximately 15,000 km2, covering the Red River delta and the adjoining mountains to the north and west In which, a civilization based on wet-rice-centric agriculture was formed and mainly self-sufficient, the plain land was stably fertile, and wet-rice was the main food resource The food production – mainly wet-rice – was dependent on the availability of indigenous inputs, such as rich soil, hot and humid weather, geographic diversity, and especially diverse systems of ponds and rivers The easiness in water accessibility and huge river systems enabled the construction of dikes to avoid floods, and canals to retain water for wet-rice cultivation As a result, thousands of kilometres of dikes were built along the Red River to protect this vast fertile delta and its population Many rivers that run through the countryside provided water and sediment for rice production, and also catered for other food sources such as aquatic species, seafood Further, initial irrigation was mostly dependent on the ebb and flow of the river tide, it was convenient for ancient farmers to maintain crops in various seasons On the other hand, since the cultivation areas lay along the river banks, crops were frequently lost in case of and canals to unusually high tides, storms, or floods During this stage of the country’s history, the social organization was structured in form of connected communes-notably as the smallest unit, sharing common land, water and other resources for practicing rice-cultivation and protecting themselves against external attacks The relationship between the organization of centre state and rural communes was well-established The communes were self- ruling whilst entirely complied with the state The communes must pay tribute and provide human resources for the state in case the country was in needs of more resources for harder works, or fighting against external attack, and natural disasters During this time, rice fields were mostly small and cultivated by individual families in communes As time went by, wet rice civilization grew and settlements become larger and more complex, rice fields expanded as well; irrigation systems therefore needed to