Bsi bs en 14214 2012 + a1 2014

BS EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 Incorporating corrigendum May 2013 BS EN 14214:2012 BSI Standards Publication Liquid petroleum products — Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for use in diesel engines and heating applications — Requirements and test methods BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 It supersedes BS EN 14214:2012, which is withdrawn The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !" The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PTI/2, Liquid Fuels A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application © The British Standards Institution 2014 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 580 82135 ICS 75.160.20 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2013 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected 31 May 2013 Annex NA and NB included, Annex NC Equation [1] corrected 31 May 2014 Implementation of CEN amendment A1:2014 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 14214:2012+A1 NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM January 2014 ICS 75.160.20 English Version Liquid petroleum products - Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for use in diesel engines and heating applications - Requirements and test methods Produits pétroliers liquides - Esters méthyliques d'acides gras (EMAG) pour moteurs diesel et comme combustible de chauffage - Exigences et méthodes d'essai Flüssige Mineralölerzeugnisse - Fettsäure-Methylester (FAME) zur Verwendung in Dieselmotoren und als Heizöl Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 July 2012 and includes Amendment approved by CEN on 10 November 2013 CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels © 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members Ref No EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 E BS EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 EN 14214:2012+A1:2014(E) Contents Page Foreword Introduction Scope Normative references Sampling Pump marking 5.1 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.3 5.4 5.4.1 5.4.2 5.4.3 5.5 Requirements and test methods Dyes and markers Additives General Oxidation stability enhancing additives Non-FAME components Generally applicable requirements and related test methods Climate dependent requirements and related test methods 11 General 11 FAME being used at 100 % as fuel for diesel engines and heating applications 11 FAME being used as blend component in diesel fuel 12 Precision and dispute 13 Annex A (normative) Details of interlaboratory test programme 15 Annex B (normative) Correction factor for calculation of density of FAME 17 Annex C (informative) Background information for national climate grades selection 18 C.1 General 18 C.2 Calculation model for saturated monoglycerides in pure FAME 19 C.3 Calculation of EN 590 diesel fuel saturated monoglyceride content 19 Bibliography 21 BS EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 EN 14214:2012+A1:2014(E) Foreword This document (EN 14214:2012+A1:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2014 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights This document supersedes EN 14214:2012 This document includes Amendment approved by CEN on 2013-11-10 The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in the text by tags  This document has originally been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s) Deleted text Significant technical changes between this European Standard and the previous edition are: — extension towards distillate heating fuels The former specification for FAME for heating fuel applications (EN 14213) also needed to be aligned, but effectively only one quality was supplied and required by heating fuel suppliers in the European market; — further clarification regarding the use of dyes and markers due to its new heating fuel application; — an update of the specification in the perspective of blending at up to 10 % (V/V) of FAME in automotive diesel fuel; — removal of identification of parallel existence with EN 590 as FAME is being used for more than one blending purpose; — discrimination between climate requirements for use for 100 % as fuel for diesel engines and for use as blend component in diesel fuel This is done by introducing a new Table for seasonal grades to be set nationally It thus requires countries to present two sets of seasonal choices in a national annex to this standard; — introduction of additional requirements for FAME for use as a blending component as a first, intermediate, step towards solving precipitation problems observed in the market during cold periods Further work towards limitation of impurities, more specifically steryl-glycosides, and BS EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 EN 14214:2012+A1:2014(E) regarding monoglyceride determination is on-going A performance test, such as a filterability test, is anticipated to solve this issue in the longer term; — a decrease of the monoglycerides content limit from 0,8 % (m/m) to 0,7 % (m/m); — deletion of the requirement on carbon residue as it is no longer considered necessary; — an increase of the oxidation stability requirement from h minimum to h minimum; — introduction of additionally developed test methods for iodine value, phosphorus content CFPP and sulfur content, EN 16300, EN 16294, EN 16329 and EN ISO 13032, respectively. Plus updating towards revised sulfur and sulfated ash content determination test methods; — updating of test methods on esters, (mono) glycerides, polyunsaturated fatty acids oxidation stability, total contamination, and stability characteristics of FAME, resulting from work under CEN/TC 19 and in cooperation with CEN/TC 307, either as final publication or as technically assessed and accepted draft texts The test method procedure for total contamination (EN 12662) has been technically updated to specifically allow improved applicability to FAME (see CEN/TC 19/N 1512R, report I); — combination of all sub-clauses dealing with additives in one and aligning them with similar requirements in EN 590 — a re-evaluation of Table A.1 has been executed and it was agreed to complete Annex A by presenting reproducibility information for all test methods that is mainly of interest to people handling the product. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom BS EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 EN 14214:2012+A1:2014(E) Introduction This European Standard gives all relevant characteristics, requirements and test methods for fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), which are known at this time to be necessary to define the product to be used as automotive diesel fuel and in heating applications Many of the test methods included in this European Standard have been the subject of several interlaboratory testing to determine their applicability and their precision in relation to different sources of FAME These FAMEs were produced from vegetable oils available in the market at the time, mainly rapeseed, palm, soy and sunflower oil This does not imply any restrictions towards the feedstock for the fats and oils from which the FAME is made to comply with this European Standard (see Foreword) Concerning total contamination, an interlaboratory study with field samples, following a study with artificial samples, is pending and therefore the repeatability and reproducibility of EN 12662 have not yet been fully established The precision for FAME is investigated Concerning cold temperature properties of diesel blends related to the quality of the FAME used as a blending component, strong indications towards the relationship with saturated mono-glycerides and steryl-glycosides have become known As no test method to detect those components separately has yet been developed, an interim solution in setting CFPP and cloud point limitations has been included in this standard (see Table 3) A study within CEN has indicated that FAME conforms to the current precision statements of EN 116 and EN 23015 Although there are technical indications that iodine value can be removed as an indication for FAME stability, relaxation at this time would be premature Until the stability safeguards introduced by this revision have been proven in the market, it is maintained, also preventing unnecessarily high usage of anti-oxidant additives In order to meet the needs of the latest technology engines, lowering of the phosphorus limit and the limit of sodium and potassium is under investigation BS EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 EN 14214:2012+A1:2014(E) Scope This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered fatty acid methyl esters (hereafter known as FAME) to be used either as fuel for diesel engines and for heating applications at 100 % concentration, or as an extender for distillate fuel for diesel engines in accordance with the requirements of EN 590 and for heating fuel At 100 % concentration it is applicable to fuel for use in diesel engines and in heating applications designed or subsequently adapted to run on 100 % FAME NOTE For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies EN 116:1997, Diesel and domestic heating fuels - Determination of cold filter plugging point EN 590, Automotive fuels - Diesel - Requirements and test methods 1) EN 12662:2013 , Liquid petroleum products — Determination of total contamination in middle distillates, diesel fuels and fatty acid methyl esters EN 14103:2011, Fat and oil derivatives - Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) - Determination of ester and linolenic acid methyl ester contents EN 14104:2003, Fat and oil derivatives - Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) - Determination of acid value EN 14105:2011, Fat and oil derivatives - Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) - Determination of free and total glycerol and mono-, di-, triglyceride contents EN 14106:2003, Fat and oil derivatives - Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) - Determination of free glycerol content EN 14107:2003, Fat and oil derivatives - Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) - Determination of phosphorus content by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectrometry EN 14108:2003, Fat and oil derivatives - Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) - Determination of sodium content by atomic absorption spectrometry EN 14109:2003, Fat and oil derivatives - Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) - Determination of potassium content by atomic absorption spectrometry EN 14110:2003, Fat and oil derivatives - Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) - Determination of methanol content EN 14111:2003, Fat and oil derivatives - Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) - Determination of iodine value EN 14112:2003, Fat and oil derivatives - Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) - Determination of oxidation stability (accelerated oxidation test) 1) Under publication BS EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 EN 14214:2012+A1:2014(E) EN 14538:2006, Fat and oil derivatives — Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) — Determination of Ca, K, Mg and Na content by optical emission spectral analysis with inductively coupled plasma (ICP OES) 2) prEN 15751:2012 , Automotive fuels — Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fuel and blends with diesel fuel — Determination of oxidation stability by accelerated oxidation method EN 15779:2009, Petroleum products and fat and oil derivates — Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for diesel engines — Determination of polyunsaturated (≥ double bonds) fatty acid methyl esters (PUFA) by gas chromatography EN 16294:2012, Petroleum products and fat and oil derivatives - Determination of phosphorus content in fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) - Optical emission spectral analysis with inductively coupled plasma (ICP OES) EN 16300:2012, Automotive fuels - Determination of iodine value in fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) Calculation method from gas chromatographic data EN 16329:2013, Diesel and domestic heating fuels - Determination of cold filter plugging point Linear cooling bath method EN 23015:1994, Petroleum products - Determination of cloud point (ISO 3015:1992) EN ISO 2160:1998, Petroleum products - Corrosiveness to copper - Copper strip test (ISO 2160:1998) EN ISO 2719:2002, Determination of flash point - Pensky-Martens closed cup method (ISO 2719:2002) EN ISO 3104:1996, Petroleum products - Transparent and opaque liquids - Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity (ISO 3104:1994) EN ISO 3170:2004, Petroleum liquids - Manual sampling (ISO 3170:2004) EN ISO 3171:1999, Petroleum liquids - Automatic pipeline sampling (ISO 3171:1988) EN ISO 3675:1998, Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products - Laboratory determination of density - Hydrometer method (ISO 3675:1998) EN ISO 3679:2004, Determination of flash point - Rapid equilibrium closed cup method (ISO 3679:2004) EN ISO 4259:2006, Petroleum products - Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test (ISO 4259:2006) EN ISO 5165:1998, Petroleum products - Determination of the ignition quality of diesel fuels - Cetane engine method (ISO 5165:1998) EN ISO 12185:1996, Crude petroleum and petroleum products - Determination of density - Oscillating Utube method (ISO 12185:1996) EN ISO 12937:2000, Petroleum products - Determination of water - Coulometric Karl Fischer titration method (ISO 12937:2000) EN ISO 13032:2012, Petroleum products - Determination of low concentration of sulfur in automotive fuels - Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric method (ISO 13032:2012) EN ISO 20846:2011, Petroleum products - Determination of sulfur content of automotive fuels Ultraviolet fluorescence method (ISO 20846:2011) 2) To be replaced by the final standard once published BS EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 EN 14214:2012+A1:2014(E) EN ISO 20884:2011, Petroleum products - Determination of sulfur content of automotive fuels Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ISO 20884:2011) ISO 3987:2010, Petroleum products — Determination of sulfated ash in lubricating oils and additives DIN 51900-2, Testing of solid and liquid fuels - Determination of the gross calorific value by the bomb calorimeter and calculation of the net calorific value - Part 2: Method using isoperibol or static jacket calorimeter DIN 51900-3, Testing of solid and liquid fuels - Determination of gross calorific value by the bomb calorimeter and calculation of net calorific value - Part 3: Method using adiabatic jacket Sampling Samples shall be taken as described in EN ISO 3170 or EN ISO 3171 and/or in accordance with the requirements of national standards or regulations for the sampling of automotive diesel fuel or heating fuel The national requirements shall be set out in a national annex to this European Standard, either in detail or by reference only In view of the sensitivity of some of the test methods referred to in this European Standard, particular attention shall be paid to compliance with any guidance on sampling containers, which is included in the respective test method standard Pump marking Information to be marked on dispensing pumps used for delivering FAME diesel fuel, and the dimensions of the mark shall be in accordance with the requirements of national standards or regulations for the marking of pumps for automotive diesel fuel Such requirements shall be set out in detail or shall be referred to by reference in a national annex to this European Standard Requirements and test methods 5.1 Dyes and markers The use of dyes or markers is allowed provided they not affect the performance of legally required dyes or markers in finished fuels. 5.2 5.2.1 Additives General In order to improve performance, the use of additives is allowed Suitable fuel additives without known harmful side effects are recommended in the appropriate amount to help avoid deterioration of driveability and emissions control durability Other technical means with equivalent effect may also be used NOTE Deposit forming tendency test methods suitable for routine control purposes have not yet been identified and developed 5.2.2 Oxidation stability enhancing additives In order to improve the oxidation stability of FAME, it is strongly recommended to add oxidation stability enhancing additives to FAME at the production stage and before storage, providing an oxidation stability similar to that obtained with 000 mg/kg of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT) BS EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 EN 14214:2012+A1:2014(E) In cases of dispute concerning CFPP, EN 116 shall be used. 5.5.3 For the determination of cetane number alternative methods may also be used, provided that these methods originate from a recognised method series, and have a valid precision statement, derived in accordance with EN ISO 4259, which demonstrates precision at least equal to that of the referenced method The test result, when using an alternative method, shall also have a demonstrable relationship to the result obtained when using the reference method NOTE 14 An improvement of the cetane number determination method is under development in CEN BS EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 EN 14214:2012+A1:2014(E) Annex A (normative) Details of interlaboratory test programme To assist in assessing whether the product fulfils the requirements, the precision equation and the reproducibility at the level of the requirements as in Tables 1, and are given in Table A.1 The precision data given in Table A.1 apply in the case of FAME In Table A.1 those data for requirements from standardised test methods that differ from precision data published in the actual standard are given for information purposes Test methods where precision data for FAME are different from those in the actual method are given in bold More details on some test methods are available in the interlaboratory test report [5] 15 BS EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 EN 14214:2012+A1:2014(E) Property FAME content Density at 15 °C Viscosity at 40 °C Flash point Cetane number Oxidation stability (at 110 °C) Acid value Iodine value Table A.1 — Precision data from interlaboratory test programme Precision equation Unit Test method (R) % (m/m) EN 14103:2011 4,16 kg/m EN ISO 3675:1998 1,2 EN ISO 12185:1996 0,5 mm /s EN ISO 3104:1996 0,008 (X +1) °C EN ISO 3679:2004 15 11,4 EN ISO 2719:2002 (r = 2,4) 5,0 EN ISO 5165:1998 (r = 2,4) h prEN 15751:2012 0,190 38 X + 0,372 69 0,26 X + 0,23 EN 14112:2003 0,06 mg KOH/g EN 14104:2003 Linolenic acid methyl ester Polyunsaturated methyl ester Methanol content Monoglyceride content Diglyceride content Triglyceride content Free glycerol g iodine/100g % (m/m) 15 11,4 5,0 1,9 2,3 0,06 EN 14111:2003 EN 16300:2012 0,053 X + 1,121 7,5 EN 14103:2011 0,028 X + 0,387 0,7 0,27 % (m/m) EN 15779:2009 0,27 % (m/m) % (m/m) % (m/m) % (m/m) EN 14110:2003 EN 14105:2011 EN 14105:2011 EN 14105:2011 0,221 X + 0,003 0,186 X + 0,065 0,188 X + 0,028 0,318 X + 0,052 % (m/m) EN 14105:2011 0,183 X + 0,006 0,05 0,20 0,07 0,12 0,010 EN 14106:2003 0,781 X + 0,003 0,019 0,059 Total glycerol % (m/m) EN 14105:2011 0,190 X + 0,011 Water content mg/kg EN ISO 12937:2000 6,877 X Total contamination Sulfated ash content Sulfur content mg/kg % (m/m) mg/kg EN 12662:2013 ISO 3987:2010 EN ISO 20846:2011 EN ISO 20884:2011 EN ISO 13032:2012 Group I metals (Na + K) mg/kg EN 14108:2003 EN 14109:2003 Group II metals (Ca + Mg) Phosphorus content Reproducibility at specification limit 4,16 1,2 0,5 EN 14538:2006 mg/kg EN 14538:2006 mg/kg EN 14107:2003 EN 16294:2012 EN 23015:1994 0,5 0,164 X + 4,111 0,85 0,189 X 0,112 X + 1,12 0,120 X + 1,9 0,016 X + 3,70 0,305 X + 1,980 (r = −0,017 X + 0,512) 0,305 X + 1,980 (r = −0,017 X + 0,512) 0,191 X + 0,941 0,149 X + 1,186 154 8,1 0,007 2,2 3,1 3,9 3,5 3,5 1,9 1,9 0,192 X + 0,025 0,8 0,130 X + 0,931 1,5 Cloud point °C 0,0485 X + 3,9735 CFPP °C EN 116:1997 (r = 1,227 −0,011 X) EN 16329:2013 1,7 - 0,052 X Where: r is the repeatability (EN ISO 4259); R is the reproducibility (EN ISO 4259) and X is the mean of two results being compared  16 BS EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 EN 14214:2012+A1:2014(E) Annex B (normative) Correction factor for calculation of density of FAME The conversion factor for the correction of density, determined by EN ISO 3675 over a range of temperatures from 20 °C to 60 °C, to density at 15 °C is based on data published at the International Conference on Standardization and Analysis of Biodiesel, Vienna, November 1995 [6] NOTE At the moment a DIN investigation is generating additional data The density of seven samples of FAME was measured by pyknometer at temperatures over the range 20 °C to 60 °C The mean correction factor over the range was calculated as 0,723 kg/(m °C), with a standard deviation of 1,2 % The average density of the FAME samples at 15 °C was calculated as 886,5 kg/m The following formula shall be used for the calculation of density of FAME at 15 °C (ρ(15), given in kg/m ), using the density (ρ(T)) at a certain temperature (T), determined by EN ISO 3675 over the range of temperatures from 20 °C to 60 °C: ρ(15) = ρ(T) + 0,723(T – 15) (B.1) 17 BS EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 EN 14214:2012+A1:2014(E) Annex C (informative) Background information for national climate grades selection C.1 General For FAME that is to be used for blending EN 590 diesel fuel it is essential that appropriate climate grades are selected from Table 3a and Table 3b by National Standardization Bodies to take account of seasonal temperature variations to avoid cold flow problems in the market NOTE The climate grades refer to FAME that has not been treated with cold flow additive Table 3a requires the national choice of appropriate values of cloud point and CFPP to match the prevailing climate Table 3b is used to select suitable monoglyceride contents in order to minimise the risk of cold flow problems In addition, market experience has indicated that when FAME is subjected to longer periods of low temperature, filter plugging can occur if additional factors, one of which being saturated monoglyceride contents, are not controlled However, at present there is no suitable test method for the determination of saturated monoglyceride content in FAME A correlation model has been developed to estimate approximate content of saturated monoglycerides based upon cloud point (EN 23015), total saturated fatty acids (derived from EN 14103) and total monoglyceride content (EN 14105) The content of saturated fatty acid esters is calculated from intermediate results of EN 14103 From the estimated content of saturated monoglycerides in the FAME, the content of saturated monoglycerides in the final diesel fuel blend can be calculated using the FAME density (EN ISO 12185) and FAME content in diesel using EN 14078 The model is based on the assumption that saturated fatty esters, saturated fatty acids and saturated monoglycerides are present in the same proportions This correlation, however, is subject to some uncertainty due to the precision of the input parameters described above It is not possible to precisely estimate the uncertainty as there is no reproducibility data available for the saturated fatty acid methyl esters derived from EN 14103 The uncertainty has been estimated using the guidance set out in EN ISO 4259 and can vary from about −50 % to +50 % of the estimated content of the saturated monoglycerides A report presenting further background to the correlation model and the precision is under development in CEN CAUTION — It is recommended that National Standardization Bodies take this uncertainty into account when selecting the seasonal climate grades from Tables 3a and 3b Because of this high level of uncertainty the correlation described in this annex cannot be used to precisely specify saturated monoglyceride contents in the FAME and hence the finished EN 590 diesel fuel It does however provide a useful tool to understand the differences between the various climate grades with respect to their potential cold flow performance See also 5.4.3.1 Climate grades are chosen to reflect possible market blending volumes of FAME at % (V/V) to control finished EN 590 monoglyceride and saturated monoglyceride contents e.g B7 and B10 and these are included in the National Annex to this European Standard (see 5.4.3) Table C.1 provides estimates for saturated monoglyceride contents based on market experience for finished EN 590 diesel fuel blends 18 BS EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 EN 14214:2012+A1:2014(E) Table C.1 — Maximum recommended EN 590 diesel saturated monoglyceride contents Suggested region Sweden summer and winter Nordic winter Nordic summer Northern Europe winter Northern Europe summer Southern Europe winter Southern Europe summer 20 30 70 55 90 70 90 saturated monoglyceride content mg/l, max C.2 Calculation model for saturated monoglycerides in pure FAME The saturated monoglyceride content of the FAME is calculated from measurements made by EN 14103 and EN 14105 The content of saturated fatty acid esters is calculated from intermediate results of EN 14103, the base model of which is described in Formula (C.1): µ SMG = µMG ×  µSATFA   100  (C.1) where µSMG is the saturated monoglyceride content, in % (m/m) µMG is the monoglyceride content as measured via EN 14105, in % (m/m) µSATFA is the total saturated fatty acid methyl esters (“SAT.FA”) content derived from EN 14103, in % (m/m) The industry developed a correlation between the saturated fatty acid methyl ester content and the cloud point of the FAME, which reads: µ SATFA = ((2,248CP ) + 17,657 ) (C.2) where is the cloud point in °C as measured via EN 23015 CP For the calculation of the saturated monoglyceride content, Formulae (C.1) and C.2 are combined as shown in Formula (C.3) The total monoglyceride content is determined independently by EN 14105 SMG = àMG ì ((2,248CP ) + 17,657 ) (C.3) 100 C.3 Calculation of EN 590 diesel fuel saturated monoglyceride content The final saturated monoglyceride content of the EN 590 blend can be estimated as follows:  ì Bx àDSMG = 10 000 × µ SMG ×  ρFAME    100  000       (C.4) where µDSMG is the EN 590 diesel fuel saturated monoglyceride content, in (mg/l) μSMG is the content of saturated monoglycerides (“SMG”), calculated using Formula (C.3), in % (m/m) 19 BS EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 EN 14214:2012+A1:2014(E) ρFAME is the FAME density at 15 °C in kg/m Bx is the volumetric blending percentage in diesel in % (V/V) EXAMPLE FAME cloud point: °C FAME monoglyceride content: 0,3 % (m/m) Using Formula (C.3), the FAME saturated monoglyceride content is 0,3 × (2,248 x + 17,657)/100 = 0,053 % (m/m) (530 mg/kg) FAME density for this example: 880 kg/m at 15 °C FAME saturated monoglyceride content, µSMG = (530 * 880)/1 000 = 466 mg/l A % volume blend in EN 590 would result in a saturated monoglyceride content of (466 × 7/100) = 33 mg/l This estimated value is then compared with the values stated in Table C.1 Taking into account the measurement uncertainty of this estimated value, this FAME could be fit for purpose when blended at % (B7) in all regions except Sweden and Nordic winter 20 BS EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 EN 14214:2012+A1:2014(E) Bibliography [1] EN 14331, Liquid petroleum products - Separation and characterisation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from middle distillates - Liquid chromatography (LC)/gas chromatography (GC) method [2] CEN/TR 15367-1, Petroleum products - Guide for good housekeeping - Part 1: Automotive diesel fuels [3] EN 16091:2011, Liquid petroleum products - Middle distillates and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fuels and blends - Determination of oxidation stability by rapid small scale oxidation method [4] Guidelines for handling and blending of FAME, CONCAWE report 9/09, available from Concawe, Brussels, Belgium (www.concawe.org) [5] CEN/TR 15160:2005, Petroleum and related products - Applicability of diesel fuel test methods for Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) - Information and results on round robin tests [6] RATHBAUER J., BACHLER A Physical Properties of VegeTable Oil Methyl Esters, International Conference on Standardization and Analysis of Biodiesel, November 6th – 7th, 1995, Vienna [7] SCHOBER S., SEIDL I., MITTELBACH M Ester content evaluation in biodiesel from animal fats and lauric oils Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 2006, 108 pp 309–314 [8] EN ISO 13759:1996, Petroleum products - Determination of alkyl nitrate in diesel fuels - Spectrometric method (ISO 13759:1996) 21 BS EN EN 14214:2008+A1:2009 14214:2012+A1:2014 BS EN 14214:2012+A1:2014(E) EN 14214:2008+A1:2009 (E) National Annex NA (normative) Sampling requirements NA.1 Introduction This national annex gives the sampling requirements to comply with Clause of this standard NA.2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this national annex For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies BS EN ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids — Manual sampling (BS 2000-475) BS EN ISO 3171, Petroleum liquids — Automatic pipeline sampling (BS 2000-476) BS EN 14275, Automotive fuels — Assessment of petrol and diesel fuel quality — Sampling from retail site pumps and commercial site fuel dispensers (BS 2000–509) NA.3 Sampling NA.3.1 Sampling from storage tanks All sampling shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant procedures of BS EN ISO 3170 NA.3.2 Sampling from pipelines All sampling shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant procedures of either BS EN ISO 3170 or BS EN ISO 3171 NA.3.3 Sampling from retail site pumps and commercial site fuel dispensers All sampling shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant procedures of BS EN 14275 NOTE With particular reference to the labelling and transport of sample containers, attention is drawn to: — 2013, the European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR) 2007, — The Carriage of Dangerous Goods and Use of Transportable Pressure Equipment Regulations 2009, 2007, and — The Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road Regulations 1996 as amended 16 22 BS EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 BS EN 14214:2008+A1:2009 EN 14214:2012+A1:2014(E) EN 14214:2008+A1:2009 (E) National Annex NB (normative) Pump marking requirements NB.1 Introduction This national annex gives the pump marking requirements to comply with Clause of this standard NB.2 Requirements NB.2.1 Pump marking Each dispensing pump or container used for delivering FAME, which conforms to this British Standard, into the consuming vehicle for use in diesel engines shall be marked with the following information: a) the name or mark of the supplier or vendor of the FAME; b) the designation ‘‘Biodiesel 100% BS EN 14214’’ displayed as shown in Figure NB.1 The minimum dimensions of this mark shall be as shown in Figure NB.1 (see Note 1) and the colour used for the design and lettering shall be in clear contrast to the background (see Note 2) The mark shall be in a position where it can be seen by the person dispensing fuel NOTE 1  or in relation to,a product represents a manufacturer’s declaration of conformity,  Marking BS EN 14214:2009 14214 on, oron, in relation to,a product represents a manufacturer’s declaration of conformity, i.e a claim by thebymanufacturer that the meets the requirements of theofstandard The The accuracy of the is solely the i.e a claim the manufacturer thatproduct the product meets the requirements the standard accuracy of claim the claim is solely claimant’s responsibility SuchSuch a declaration is notistonot be confused with third-party certification of conformity, which may alsomay be the claimant’s responsibility a declaration to be confused with third-party certification of conformity, which desirable also be desirable NOTE The minimum dimensions of the mark given in Figure NB.1 have been selected to enable its application to pumps of the smallest anticipated dimensions It is strongly recommended that, in the interests of visibility to the motorist, the larger dimensions be used wherever possible NOTE It is recommended that the prominent colour be orange, in accordance with colour number 557 of BS 381C:1996 15 mm 5.0 mm Not suitable for all vehicles: consult vehicle manufacturer before use Figure NB.1 — Form of mark for FAME for diesel engines NB.2.2 Nozzle The dispensing nozzle shall be predominantly coloured orange forward of the grip 23 17 BS EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 EN 14214:2012+A1:2014(E) National Annex NC (normative) Climate-dependent requirements NC.1 Introduction This National Annex gives two specific climate-dependent requirements to comply with this standard These are; 100% FAME  –  Biodiesel complying with BS EN 14214 for use in diesel engines to comply with Subclause 5.4.1 of this standard 100% FAME  –  complying with BS EN 14214 for use as heating fuel engines to comply with Subclause 5.4.1 of this standard and FAME  – used as a blend component in diesel fuel to BS EN 590 to comply with Subclause 5.4.3 of this standard FAME  –  as a blend component for heating fuel to comply with Subclause 5.4.1 of this standard NC.2 Requirements for 100% FAME The following grades shall apply at the retail pump or at delivery to the end user: Summer (16 March to 15 November inclusive): CFPP grade C Winter (16 November to 15 March inclusive): CFPP grade E NOTE 1  The date for the change from summer grade to winter grade will be reviewed in the light of experience NOTE 2  At the seasonal change-over points, the product should not be deemed to be out of compliance with this standard, providing it; i)  complies with the previous season’s quality; and ii)  is stored in a filling station tank to which fewer than three deliveries have been made since six weeks prior to the relevant sales date as above NC.3  Requirements for FAME used as a blend component The low temperature properties of a blend to BS EN 590 and of off-road automotive and heating oils to BS 2869 Classes A2 and D are specified individually within those British Standards For FAME to be blended into these grades, it has been demonstrated empirically (Annex C of this standard) that levels of saturated monoglycerides above a defined level will give rise to unacceptable operability performance in engines and heating plant Pending the development of methods for the direct determination of impurities, including saturated monoglycerides, as described in the Foreword to this standard, the following seasonal limits shall apply for the United Kingdom: 24 BS EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 EN 14214:2012+A1:2014(E) Table NC3.1 – Climate dependent properties for blends of BS EN 590 containing FAME Property Unit Limits Min Test method Max Calculation: mg/l Saturated monoglyceride content BS EN 14214: Annex C: Equation [1] For the preparation of blends of BS EN 590 and BS 2869 Classes A2 and D to Summer quality 90 For the preparation of blends of BS EN 590 and BS 2869 Classes A2 and D to Winter quality 55 The calculation for the estimation of saturated monoglycerides is given at Annex C of this standard but is reproduced below in this National Annex in the interests of clarity The saturated monoglyceride content of the FAME is calculated from measurements made by EN 14103 and EN 14105 or is estimated via the following correlation between the cloud point (CP) of the FAME and the monoglyceride content, µMG: µSMG = µMG × ((2,248CP) + 17,657)       100 Equation [1] Where µSMG is the saturated monoglyceride content in mg/kg µMG is the monoglyceride content in % (m/m) as measured via BS EN 14105 CP is the cloud point °C as measured via BS EN 23015 The saturated monoglyceride content in mg/kg may then be converted to mg/l by multiplying by the FAME density NC3.1  Practical implications of the saturated monoglyceride specification The saturated monoglyceride values in Table are derived from values for the total monoglycerides and for the cloud point In practice these two properties can conveniently be specified in FAME for use in subsequent blending, rather than using a saturated monoglyceride value For blending of FAME into diesel fuels or heating oils at the maximum permissible value of 7.0%, selection of the following cloud point values from Table 3a and monoglyceride values from Table 3b of this British Standard may give the maximum flexibility in procurement These are presented in the form of a matrix for convenience, and demonstrate the permissible values for both summer and winter seasonality, at a range of concentrations in a finished blend of fuel B7 Winter United Kingdom Grade a b c d e a1 b1 c1 d1 e1       d2 e2 B7 Summer United Kingdom f Grade a b c d e f f1 a1 b1 c1 d1 e1 f1 f2   b2 c2 d2 e2 f2         e3 f3     c3 d3 e3 f3         e4 f4       d4 e4 f4           f5         e5 f5           f6         e6 f6 25 BS EN 14214:2012+A1:2014 EN 14214:2012+A1:2014(E) NC3.2  Selection of FAME for blending below the permitted maximum Saturated monoglycerides have been shown (Annex C) to be the predominant cause of poor low temperature operability in blended distillate fuels Furthermore, the degree of poor operability bears a direct relationship to the concentration of these saturated monoglycerides in the finished fuel A suitable strategy for optimal blend flexibility has been found to be for the control of saturated monoglycerides by the use of suitably dilute blends While not optimal for the incorporation of renewable fuel, this has enabled blenders to select more grades of FAME from Table of BS EN 14214, and to extend the scope of procurement The two examples below are for the use of a B5 blend (i.e 5% FAME in distillate fuel) and a B2 blend (i.e 2% FAME in distillate fuel) B5 Winter United Kingdom Grade a b a1 b1 c1 d1 e1     c2 d2 e2       d3 e3         e4         e5         e6 26 c d e B5 Summer United Kingdom f Grade a b c d e f f1 a1 b1 c1 d1 e1 f1 f2   b2 c2 d2 e2 f2 f3   b3 c3 d3 e3 f3 f4     c4 d4 e4 f4 f5       d5 e5 f5 f6       d6 e6 f6 B2 Winter United Kingdom B2 Summer United Kingdom Grade a b c d e f Grade a b c d e f a1 b1 c1 d1 e1 f1 a1 b1 c1 d1 e1 f1   b2 c2 d2 e2 f2   b2 c2 d2 e2 f2   b3 c3 d3 e3 f3   b3 c3 d3 e3 f3   b4 c4 d4 e4 f4   b4 c4 d4 e4 f4   b5 c5 d5 e5 f5   b5 c5 d5 e5 f5   b6 c6 d6 e6 f6   b6 c6 d6 e6 f6 This page deliberately left blank NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW British Standards Institution (BSI) BSI is the national body responsible for preparing British Standards and other standards-related publications, information and services BSI is incorporated by Royal Charter British Standards and other standardization products are published by BSI Standards Limited 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