BRITISH STANDARD BS EN EN 50400:2006 50400:2006 +A1:2012 Incorporating corrigendum Incorporating October 2011 corrigendum October 2011 Basic standard to demonstrate the compliance of fixed equipment for radio transmission (110 MHz – 40 GHz) intended for use in wireless telecommunication networks with the basic restrictions or the reference levels related to general public exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields, when put into service ICS 17.220.20; 33.070.01 BS EN 50400:2006+A1:2012 BS EN 50400:2006 National foreword National foreword BS EN 50400:2006 This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 50400:2006+A1:2012 incorporating corrigendum October 2011 This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 50400:2006, It supersedes BS EN 50400:2006, incorporating corrigendum Octoberwhich 2011.is withdrawn National foreword The start and finish of text introduced or altered by corrigendum is indicated in the text by tags Text altered by CENELEC corrigendum October 2011Standard is indicated in the by ˆ‰ of EN 50400:2006, This British is the UK text implementation incorporating corrigendum October 2011 The UK participation its introduced preparationorwas entrusted to Technical The start and finish ofin text altered by amendment is Committee GEL/106, exposure to frequency and high is The start in and finish ofHuman text or low altered by corrigendum indicated the text by tags.introduced Tags indicating changes to CENELEC frequency electromagnetic radiation indicated text byoftags Text alteredFor by CENELEC corrigendum text carry in thethe number the amendment example, text altered by October 2011 is indicated inindicated the text by ˆ‰ CENELEC amendment is in the text by A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request its secretary The UK to participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee GEL/106, Human exposure to low frequency and high This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions frequency electromagnetic radiation of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity request to its secretary from legal obligations This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations This British Standard was published under the authority Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication of the Standards Policy and This British Standard was Strategy Committee published under the authorityAmendments/corrigenda issued since publication on 31 July 2006 Date Comments of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on British 31 JulyStandards 2006 Date Comments © The 30 November 2011 Implementation of CENELEC corrigendum October Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication 2011 November 2011 Implementation of CENELEC corrigendum October 2011 Date Comments 31 January 2013 Implementation of CENELEC amendment A1:2012 30 November 2011 Implementation of CENELEC corrigendum October 2011 Institution 2013 30 This British was Published by BSIStandard Standards published under the authority Limited 2013 © 2011 of BSI the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2006 © BSI 2011 ISBN 978 580 74929 ISBN 978 580 77039 EUROPEAN STANDARD 50400:2006+A1 EN 50400 NORME EUROPÉENNE Incorporating corrigendum October 2011 EUROPÄISCHE NORM October 2012 June 2006 ICS 17.220.20; 33.070.01 Incorporating corrigendum October 2011 English version Basic standard to demonstrate the compliance of fixed equipment for radio transmission (110 MHz - 40 GHz) intended for use in wireless telecommunication networks with the basic restrictions or the reference levels related to general public exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields, when put into service Norme de base pour démontrer la conformité des équipements fixes de transmission radio (110 MHz - 40 GHz), destinés une utilisation dans les réseaux de communication sans fil, aux restrictions de base ou aux niveaux de référence relatives l'exposition des personnes aux champs électromagnétiques de fréquence radio, lors de leur mise en service Grundnorm zum Nachweis der Übereinstimmung von stationären Einrichtungen für Funkübertragungen (110 MHz bis 40 GHz), die zur Verwendung in schnurlosen Telekommunikationsnetzen vorgesehen sind, bei ihrer Inbetriebnahme mit den Basisgrenzwerten oder den Referenzwerten bezüglich der Exposition der Allgemeinbevölkerung gegenüber hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Feldern This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2005-12-06 CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels © 2006 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members Ref No EN 50400:2006 E BS EN 50400:2006+A1:2012 50400:2006 EN (E) EN 50400:2006+A1:2012 50400:2006 (E) -2- Foreword This European Standard was prepared by Technical Electromagnetic fields in the human environment Committee CENELEC TC 106X, The text of the draft was submitted to the formal vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 50400 on 2005-12-06 The following dates were fixed: – – latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2007-01-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2009-01-01 This European Standard has been prepared EN 50400:2006/A1:2012 - -under a mandate given to CENELEC by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association ForewordForeword to amendment A1 This document (EN 50400:2006/A1:2012) has been prepared by CLC/TC 106X, “Electromagnetic fields in the human environment” The following dates are fixed: – – latest date by which the amendment has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the amendment have to be withdrawn (dop) 2013-08-29 (dow) 2015-08-29 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights CEN and CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights - 3- 3- BS EN BS 50400:2006+A1:2012 EN 50400:2006 EN 50400:2006+A1:2012 EN (E) (E) BS 50400:2006 EN 50400:2006 EN 50400:2006 (E) Contents Contents Scope .6 Scope .6 Normative references .6 Normative references .6 Physical quantities, units and constants Physical quantities, units and constants 3.1 Quantities 3.2 Quantities Constants 3.1 Terms and definitions .7 3.2 Constants Terms and definitions .7 General process 12 General process 5.1 Alternative routes to determine the total exposure ratio where the general public 12 has access 5.1 Alternative routes to determine the total exposure ratio where the general public 12 5.2 General method has access 12 5.2.1 Description of the general method 12 5.2 General method 5.2.2 Comprehensive total exposure ratio assessment 12 14 5.2.1 Description of the general method 5.3 5.2.2 Pre-analysis method 15 Comprehensive total exposure ratio assessment 14 5.4 by authority Determination of domains and relevant sources 16 5.3 Confirmation Pre-analysis method 15 6 7 8 Determination and relevant sources 16 6.1 Principle of of domains relevance 6.2 Determination of domains 16 6.1 Principle of relevance 6.2.1 Relevant 6.2 Determination of domain domains 16 6.2.2 16 6.2.1 Scatter Relevantdomain domain 6.2.3 Domain of investigation 17 6.2.2 Scatter domain 16 6.3 Determination sources 17 6.2.3 Domainofofrelevant investigation Calculation specifications 6.3 Determination of relevant sources 18 17 Calculation specifications 18 7.1 General 7.2 Calculation methods 19 7.1 General 18 Definition of equivalent free space conditions 19 7.2 7.2.1 Calculation methods 7.2.2 in equivalent space conditions 19 7.2.1 Calculation Definition ofmethods equivalent free space free conditions 7.2.3 Calculation methods when equivalent free space conditions not apply 19 7.2.2 in equivalent free space conditions 7.3 Summation of exposure ratiowhen estimated using free calculation 7.2.3 Calculation methods equivalent space conditions not apply 22 19 Measurement specifications 7.3 Summation of exposure ratio estimated using calculation 22 Measurement 22 8.1 General specifications requirement 8.2 Exposure ratio measurement 22 23 8.1 General requirement Basic 8.2 8.2.1 Exposure ratiorequirements measurement 23 8.2.2 Conditions for the use of broadband measurements 23 8.2.1 Basic requirements 8.2.3 measurement 8.2.2 Conditions for the use of frequency broadbandselective measurements 24 23 8.3 Summation of exposure estimated using measurement 24 8.2.3 Conditions for theratios use of frequency selective measurement 8.4 Summation Uncertainty 8.3 of exposure ratios estimated using measurement 24 TER 25 8.4 assessment Uncertainty 24 Exposure TER assessment 10 assessment report 25 26 10 Exposure assessment report 26 Annex A (informative) Examples of pre-analysis design guidelines 27 Annex Examples of pre-analysis design guidelines 27 A.1A (informative) Purpose A.2 designed inclusive of a specified exposure ratio allowance for other 27 A.1 Installations Purpose radio sources A.2 Installations designed inclusive of a specified exposure ratio allowance for other 27 A.3 radio Combined compliance boundaries 28 sources 27 A.4 Installation designed so that a minimum build height is maintained at all A.3 Combined compliance boundaries 28 the antenna than thebuild compliance distance 33 A.4 distances Installationfrom designed so thatless a minimum height isboundary maintained at all A.5 Equipment Under with less than 10 average EIRP distances from theTest antenna theW compliance boundary distance 34 33 A.5 Equipment Under Test with less than 10 W average EIRP 34 BS EN 50400:2006+A1:2012 50400:2006 EN (E) EN 50400:2006+A1:2012 50400:2006 (E) -4- Annex B (informative) Simplified procedure to determine scatter domain and relevant domain boundaries 36 B.1 Introduction 36 B.2 Analysis 36 Annex C (informative) Calculations under non-equivalent free space conditions 38 C.1 C.2 C.3 Introduction 38 Determination if an object is a significant reflector 39 Determination of power density multiplication factor in several domains 39 C.3.1 No line of sight from the radio source to the point of investigation 39 C.3.2 Reflecting surface to the side of the direct path from radio source to point of investigation 40 C.3.3 Reflecting surface below the direct path from source to point of investigation 40 C.3.4 Point of investigation between the radio source and reflecting surface 41 C.3.5 Radio source between reflecting surface and the point of investigation 42 C.3.6 Power density multiplication factor for use in summing multiple bands 42 C.4 Establishing total exposure ratio from a set of transmissions on different frequencies 42 Annex D (informative) Selection of points of investigation for distant radio sources 44 D.1 D.2 D.3 Objective 44 Principles 44 Establish δr with respect to distance to radio source 44 D.3.1 Consider change of field strength with distance 44 D.3.2 Consider variation of field strength due to antenna directivity 45 D.3.3 Example 45 D.3.4 Example 46 D.4 Selecting points of investigation 46 Annex E (informative) A-deviations 47 Figures Figure Alternative routes to determine the total exposure ratio where the general public has access 12 Figure Overview of the general method to estimate the total exposure ratio 13 Figure Borders of a restricted area located in the domain of investigation 14 Figure Location of the three assessments for each point of investigation 15 Figure Representation of the relevant domain, domain of investigation, scatter domain and the compliance boundary surrounding the antenna 17 Figure Calculation methodology 18 Figure Configurations used to identify positions of reflectors 20 Figure Establishing the PDMF 21 Figure A.1 Compliance boundary extension due to proximity of other RF sources 29 Figure A.2 Compliance boundaries merging due to proximity of other RF sources 29 Figure A.3 Combined compliance boundaries around antennas on a head frame 30 Figure A.4 Significant parameters relating to antenna positioning and orientation 33 Figure B.1 Relative field and exposure ratio relationships near an emitting antenna 36 Figure C.1 Relative magnitude of reflected ray for polarisation normal and parallel to reflecting surface 39 -5- BS EN BS 50400:2006+A1:2012 EN 50400:2006 EN 50400:2006+A1:2012 EN 50400:2006 (E) (E) Figure D.1 - Change of field strength with distance 44 Figure D.2 - Variation of field strength due to antenna directivty 45 Tables Table Maximum sampling step versus frequency 14 Table Uncertainty assessment 25 Table A.1 Table of figures showing minimum distances separation multipliers 32 Table A.2 Values for the compliance boundary factor and exposure ratios 35 BS EN BS 50400:2006+A1:2012 EN 50400:2006 EN 50400:2006+A1:2012 EN 50400:2006 (E) (E) - 35 - Table A.2 shows typical values Table A.2 Values for the compliance boundary factor and exposure ratios ER EUT less than or equal to ER x less than or equal to 1,1 0,83 0,17 1,2 0,69 0,31 1,4 0,51 0,49 1,6 0,39 0,61 1,8 0,31 0,69 0,25 0,75 0,11 0,89 0,06 0,94 0,04 0,96 CB factor For example, if it can be shown that the ER x is less than 0,75, within the domain of investigation of the Equipment Under Test, then the general public shall not be able to access a volume defined by compliance boundary extended by a factor of taking into consideration direction BS EN 50400:2006+A1:2012 50400:2006 EN (E) EN 50400:2006+A1:2012 50400:2006 (E) - 36 - Annex B (informative) Simplified procedure to determine scatter domain and relevant domain boundaries B.1 Introduction By applying the following assumptions: a) field strength is inversely proportional to distance from emitting antenna for far-field case; b) exposure ratio is directly proportional to field strength squared for a single frequency; c) reflecting structures not reflect more than 100 % of the incident field, this annex shows that • the scatter domain boundary can be derived by multiplying the smallest distance between the radiating part of the antenna and the compliance boundary by a factor of in a given direction, and • the relevant domain boundary can be derived by multiplying the smallest distance between the radiating part of the antenna and the compliance boundary by a factor of in a given direction Analysis Antenna Distance from antenna d 3d 5d Direct field level = Ed Direct Exposure Ratio = ERd Case A Reflected field level