untitled BSI Standards Publication BS AU 159g 2013 Specification for repairs to tyres for motor vehicles used on the public highway Publishing and copyright information The BSI copyright notice displa[.]
BS AU 159g:2013 BSI Standards Publication Specification for repairs to tyres for motor vehicles used on the public highway BS AU 159g:2013 BRITISH STANDARD Publishing and copyright information The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued © The British Standards Institution 2013 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013 ISBN 978 580 75896 ICS 43.020; 83.160.10 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference AUE/3 Draft for comment 13/30249071 DC Publication history First edition, 1973 Second edition, November 1973 Third edition August, 1981 Fourth edition August ,1990 Fifth edition December ,1997 Sixth (present) edition, November 2013 Amendments issued since publication Date Text affected BRITISH STANDARD BS AU 159g:2013 Contents Foreword 10 iii Scope Terms and definitions Tyre performance 14 Tyre inspection before and during repair Repair and tyres suitable for repair 14 Tyre inspection after repair 14 Marking 15 Repair materials 15 Sealants 15 Tube and inflation valves 15 14 Annexes Annex A (normative) Initial inspection 16 Annex B (normative) Minor repairs to radial ply tyres for cars, commercial and agricultural vehicles 18 Annex C (normative) Limits on or repairs for radial car tyres 19 Annex D (normative) Limits on major repairs for radial ply tyres for commercial vehicles 22 Annex E (normative) Limits on repairs for radial ply tyres for agricultural vehicles 24 Annex F (normative) Minor repairs to diagonal ply tyres for cars, commercial and agricultural vehicles 25 Annex G (normative) Limits on repairs for diagonal ply car tyres 26 Annex H (normative) Limits on major repairs for diagonal ply tyres for commercial vehicles 28 Annex I (normative) Limits on repairs for Diagonal ply tyres for agricultural vehicles 29 Annex J (normative) Limits on minor repairs for motorcycle and scooter tyres 30 Annex K (normative) Tyre repair preparation and building 31 Annex L (normative) Vulcanization 32 Annex M (normative) Repairs to inner tubes and inflation valves 33 Annex N (informative) Calculated values of repairable area of area T based on nominal section width and percentage 36 List of figures Figure – Typical section of diagonal ply car tyre Figure – Typical section of radial ply car tyre Figure – Typical section of radial ply self supporting car tyre (SST) Figure – Typical section of diagonal ply commercial tyre Figure – Typical section of radial ply commercial vehicle tyre Figure – Typical section of diagonal ply agriculture tyre 10 Figure – Typical Section of Radial Ply Agricultural Tyre 10 Figure B.1 – Repairable and non-repairable areas for penetration damaged tyres 19 Figure C.1 – Repairable and non-repairable areas for radial ply car tyres 21 Figure C.2 – Typical sidewall damage for radial ply car tyres 21 Figure D.1 – Repairable areas for radial commercial vehicle tyres 23 Figure D.2 – Non-repairable area of radial ply commercial vehicle tyres (A to B) 23 Figure D.3 – Typical Sidewall damage for radial ply commercial vehicle tyres 24 Figure E.1 – Repairable and non-repairable areas for penetration damaged tyres 24 Figure G.1 – Repairable and non-repairable areas for diagonal ply car tyres 27 Figure I.1 – Repairable and non-repairable areas for diagonal ply tyres 29 Figure J.1 – Repairable and non-repairable areas for motorcycle and scooter tyres 31 â The British Standards Institution 2013 ã i BS AU 159g:2013 BRITISH STANDARD Figure M.1 – Typical area damage for inner tubes 34 Figure M.2 – Typical split damage for inner tubes 34 List of tables Table – Load-capacity index (LI) 11 Table – Speed symbols 13 Table B.1 – Repairable area of T as a percentage of the nominal section width of tyre 18 Table B.2 – Radial tyre injury limits: size of penetration damage (after preparation) 18 Table C.1 – Repairable areas T and WA)B) 20 Table C.2 – Radial car tyre injury limits (measured at the base of injury after preparation) 20 Table D.1 – Commercial vehicle radial tyre injury limits (measured at base of injury after preparation) 22 Table E.1 – Repairable areas T and WA)B) 24 Table E.2 – Agricultural vehicle radial tyre limits of repair (measured at base of injury after preparation) 25 Table F.1 – Repairable area of T in terms of percentage of nominal width of tyre A)B) 25 Table F.2 – Diagonal ply tyre injury limits: size of penetration damage (after preparation) 26 Table G.1 – Repairable areas T and WA)B) 27 Table G.2 – Diagonal ply car tyre injury limits (measured at base of injury after preparation) 27 Table H.1 – Repairable areas T and WA)B) 28 Table H.2 – Diagonal ply commercial vehicle tyre injury limits (measured at base of injury after preparation) 28 Table I.1 – Repairable areas T and WA)B) 29 Table I.2 – Agricultural repair limits for diagonal ply tyres 29 Table J.1 – Motorcycle and scooter tyre injury limits (after preparation) 30 Table M.1 – Inner tube injury limits (after preparation) 33 Table N.1 – Calculated values for area T 36 Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages to 36, an inside back cover and a back cover ii • © The British Standards Institution 2013 BRITISH STANDARD BS AU 159g:2013 Foreword Publishing information This British Standard is published by BSI Standards Limited, under licence from The British Standards Institution, and came into effect on 30 November 2013 It was prepared by Technical Committee AUE/3, Renovation of tyres for motor vehicles A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary Supersession This British Standard supersedes BS AU 159f:1997, which is withdrawn Information about this document Repairs for limited run-flat tyres and temporary use spare tyres are not covered by this British Standard Repairs to inner tubes are covered, but repairs for commercial vehicle steel diagonal ply tyres are not, as this type of tyre is considered obsolete The 1973 edition of this British Standard specified the use of an inner tube to repair very small penetrations in tubeless tyres This method is not specified in the 1981, 1990, 1997 editions or the present edition Good workshop practice for tyre repair is included in this British Standard, with emphasis on conditions during vulcanizing to ensure that carcasses are cured in the relaxed shape Presentational conventions The provisions of this standard are presented in roman (i.e upright) type Its requirements are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliary verb is “shall” Commentary, explanation and general informative material is presented in smaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element Requirements in this standard are drafted in accordance with The BSI guide to standardization – Section 2: Rules for the structure, drafting and presentation of British Standards, subclause 11.3.1, which states, “Requirements should be expressed using wording such as: ‘When tested as described in Annex A, the product shall ’” This means that only those products that are capable of passing the specified test will be deemed to conform to this standard Contractual and legal considerations This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users are responsible for its correct application Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations © The British Standards Institution 2013 ã iii BS AU 159g:2013 iv ã â The British Standards Institution 2013 BRITISH STANDARD This page deliberately left blank BRITISH STANDARD BS AU 159g:2013 Scope This British Standard specifies requirements for the repair of diagonal ply and radial ply pneumatic tyres for motorcycles, scooters, cars, commercial and agricultural vehicles for use on the public highway It specifies inspection procedures, performance criteria, repair materials, and marking requirements, for both tubed and tubeless tyres The repair of tubes and inflation valves is also covered This British Standard is not applicable to: a) tyres designed for use on pre-1933 vehicles, as their design and construction can be unique and outside the range of tyres in current use; b) T-type temporary use spare tyres; c) temporary seals, i.e externally inserted plugs, intended to allow the vehicle to be driven for a limited period, until a permanent repair can be effected; d) use of liquid sealants introduced into tubed or tubeless tyres to aid the air retention property (see Clause 9); e) tyres containing sealant gel; and f) specialist repairs carried out by the original tyre manufacturer Terms and definitions For the purposes of this British Standard, the following definitions apply NOTE 2.1 2.1.1 Figure to Figure supplement the definitions given in this clause Structure bias-belted tyre pneumatic tyre of the diagonal ply type, with the carcass restricted by a belt comprising two or more layers of inextensible cord material laid at alternate angles not greater than those of the carcass NOTE For the purposes of this British Standard, a bias-belted tyre may be treated as a diagonal ply tyre 2.1.2 diagonal ply tyre pneumatic tyre in which the ply cords extend to the bead and lie at alternate angles substantially less than 90° to the centreline of the tread 2.1.3 NOTE Also known as cross ply tyre NOTE The angle varies between manufacturers and applications radial ply tyre pneumatic tyre in which the ply cords extend to the bead and lie at approximately 90° to the centreline of the tread, the carcass stabilized by an essentially inextensible circumferential belt 2.1.4 radial ply self supporting run flat tyre (SST) pneumatic tyre in which the ply cords extend to the bead and lie at approximately 90°to the centerline of the tread, the carcass stabilized by an essentially inextensible circumferential belt NOTE Such tyres have a specially reinforced sidewall to enable them to perform when deflated Limited in-service conditions might apply when run deflated, refer to brand manufacturer © The British Standards Institution 2013 • BS AU 159g:2013 2.1.5 BRITISH STANDARD temporary use spare tyre tyre intended only for temporary use, under restricted driving conditions, (e.g at high speeds or over a long distance) and of different type to those fitted for normal driving conditions 2.1.6 T-type temporary use spare tyre temporary use spare tyre designed for use in one position only at a time, with inflation pressures higher than those for standard or reinforced tyres 2.2 2.2.1 Service load-capacity index numerical code associated with the maximum load a tyre can carry at the speed indicated by its speed symbol NOTE 2.2.2 See Table and Table ply rating (PR) index of tyre strength used to identify a tyre with its recommended maximum permitted load when used for a specific service NOTE 2.2.3 The ply rating does not necessarily represent the number of plies in a tyre service description combination of a tyre’s load index and speed symbol NOTE 2.2.4 See Table and Table speed symbol symbol indicating the speed at which a tyre can carry the load corresponding to its load index or indices NOTE 2.3 2.3.1 See Table and Table Main components bead part of a pneumatic tyre shaped and structured to fit and hold the tyre to the rim 2.3.2 bead heel part of the bead that fills the angle formed by the junction of the rim flange and the bead seat 2.3.3 bead toe innermost part of the bead opposite the heel 2.3.4 belt layer(s) of material(s) beneath the tread, laid in the direction of the tread centreline, restricting the carcass in a circumferential direction (radial ply tyres only) 2.3.5 breaker intermediate ply between carcass and tread (diagonal ply tyres only) NOTE 2.3.6 See also 2.3.13 protective breaker carcass structural part of a tyre, not including the tread and outermost rubber of the sidewalls, which, when inflated, bears the load on the tyre 2.3.7 chafer material (in the bead area) used to protect the carcass against rim chafing ã â The British Standards Institution 2013 BRITISH STANDARD 2.3.8 BS AU 159g:2013 cord textile or non-textile strands (threads) used in various components of the tyre 2.3.9 crown area between the shoulders of a tyre 2.3.10 inner-lining layer of rubber, from bead toe to bead toe, on the inside of the carcass NOTE 2.3.11 In tubeless tyres the inner-lining has air-retaining properties ply layer of rubber-coated parallel cords 2.3.12 protective breaker optional strip of ply material between the tread and the belt, used to minimize damage to the belt (commercial vehicle radial ply tyres only) 2.3.13 sidewall part of a tyre between the tread and the bead 2.3.14 sidewall for self supporting tyres specially designed sidewalls allowing limited tyre performance whilst in a deflated state 2.3.15 sidewall rubber rubber layer on the sidewall of the tyre and outside of the carcass, which may include ornamental or protective ribs and fitting lines 2.3.16 shoulder area between the sidewall and tread 2.3.17 tread part of the pneumatic tyre intended to contact the road 2.3.18 tubeless tyre pneumatic tyre designed for use without an inner tube 2.4 2.4.1 Tyre repair buffing mechanical preparation of a tyre surface(s) prior to application of non-vulcanized material 2.4.2 combination plug-patch shaped moulded unit combining a patch with a stem protruding from the centre of the bonding face, used for the dual purpose of sealing and filling a penetration in a tyre 2.4.3 patch tyre or tube repair unit able to vulcanize to the inside of a tyre or outside of a tube, with the object of sealing a penetration, and, if necessary, providing reinforcement NOTE 2.4.4 See 2.4.2 to 2.4.6 reinforced patch patch containing material, in addition to rubber, often in the form of cords or cables of textile or non-textile material, that impart additional strength while maintaining ability to flex compatibly in normal service when vulcanized onto a tyre carcass/inner liner â The British Standards Institution 2013 ã BS AU 159g:2013 2.4.5 BRITISH STANDARD reinforced cross ply patch type of reinforced patch in which the cords are oriented to align approximately with the ply cords in a diagonal ply tyre 2.4.6 reinforced radial ply patch type of reinforced patch in which the cords are oriented to align approximately with the ply cords in a radial ply tyre 2.4.7 rubber only patch patch containing no restricting or reinforcing cords, used for tube repairs and minor penetration repairs in tyres 2.4.8 major repair repair requiring a reinforced patch NOTE 2.4.9 Major repairs are fully defined in Annex C, Annex D, Annex F and Annex G minor repair repair requiring one of the following: a) rubber only repair b) combination plug patch c) reinforced patch with penetration filler material 2.4.10 rubber macromolecular material with the following properties: 2.4.11 a) rapid return to the original shape, at room temperature, after substantial distortion under weak stress; and b) resistance to permanent deformation by heat and moderate pressure vulcanization chemical transformation of rubber from the plastic to elastic state, by: a) heat and pressure for a given period; or b) natural process at room temperature [minimum 15 °C (59 °F)] over an extended period, with or without pressure NOTE • Also known as curing © The British Standards Institution 2013