/home/gencode/overflow/bsau145d/145 1 16357 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |[.]
Licensed Copy: I.P Newcastle University, Newcastle University, 02/04/2013 09:58, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) The British Standards Institution 2013 BRITISH STANDARD AUTOMOBILE SERIES Specification for Retroreflecting number plates ICS 43.020 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW | BS AU | | | 145d : 1998 | | | Incorporating | | Amendment No | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Licensed Copy: I.P Newcastle University, Newcastle University, 02/04/2013 09:58, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) The British Standards Institution 2013 BS AU 145d : 1998 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by Technical Committee AUE/1, Vehicle lighting and signaling, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Chief Police Officers of England and Wales British Glass Manufacturers' Confederation British Numberplate Manufacturers' Association British Plastics Federation Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (Highways Agency) Glass and Glazing Federation Motor Cycle Industry Association Ltd Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Limited This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 January 1998 BSI 24 August 2001 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference AUE/1 Draft for comment 94/705491 DC ISBN 580 28985 Amendments issued since publication Amd No Date Text affected 13195 24 August 2001 Indicated by a sideline BS AU 145d : 1998 Licensed Copy: I.P Newcastle University, Newcastle University, 02/04/2013 09:58, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) The British Standards Institution 2013 Contents Committees responsible Foreword Specification Scope References Definitions Design Marking Colour Retroreflection Testing Colorimetric test 10 Retroreflection test 11 Resistance to bending 12 Resistance to solvents 13 Thermal resistance 14 Resistance to impact 15 Resistance to corrosion 16 Resistance to weathering 17 Resistance to vibration and shock Annexes A (normative) Method of test for impact resistance B (normative) Method of test for thermal resistance C (normative) Method and apparatus for accelerated artificial weathering tests D (normative) Procedure for preparing a dirty number plate for test purposes Tables Daylight chromaticity and luminance factor limits Minimum coefficient of retroreflection, R9 Test schedules Cam-profile radii C.1 Temperature Figures Dimensions and layout of sample unit Arrangement of apparatus for measuring the coefficient of retroreflection Number plate bend-test arrangement Test arrangements for measurement of the coefficient of retroreflection of wet specimens Vibration and shock test machine A.1 Apparatus for impact resistance test A.2 Number plate holding fixture B.1 Sample support stand for thermal resistance test List of references BSI 24 August 2001 Page Inside front cover ii 1 1 3 4 4 7 7 10 10 10 13 3 13 11 12 13 Inside back cover i BS AU 145d : 1998 Licensed Copy: I.P Newcastle University, Newcastle University, 02/04/2013 09:58, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) The British Standards Institution 2013 Foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee AUE/ It was first published in 1967 and revised as BS AU 145a : 1972 Subsequently, the following revisions were made BS AU 145b : 1989 and BS AU 145c : 1995 This new edition of BS AU 145 takes account of changes in the production of number plates and legislative requirements It supersedes BS AU 145c : 1995, which is withdrawn NOTE This standard will only become effective when it is invoked by regulations, made by the Secretary of State for Transport, which apply to vehicles registered in Great Britain and Northern Ireland NOTE Upon publication of this standard, BSI Customer Services will respond to purchase orders for BS AU 145 by supplying copies of the 1998 edition Copies of the 1972 edition may be obtained by quoting the number BS AU 145a/72 A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations Attention is drawn to the Roads Traffic Act 1991 [1] and the Road Vehicles (Registration and Licensing) Regulations [2] Summary of pages This document comprises of a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages to 14, an inside back cover and a back cover The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued Sidelining in this document indicates the most recent changes by amendment ii BSI 24 August 2001 BS AU 145d : 1998 Licensed Copy: I.P Newcastle University, Newcastle University, 02/04/2013 09:58, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) The British Standards Institution 2013 Specification Scope This British Standard specifies requirements for retroreflecting number plates for vehicles The standard includes requirements for colorimetric and photometric properties and tests for weather resistance, resistance to impact, bending, vibration, corrosion, solvents, water and extremes of temperature NOTE Retroreflecting number plates may be manufactured from any material which performs satisfactorily in service, providing the requirements of this standard are met References 2.1 Normative references This British Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications These normative references are made at the appropriate places in the text and the cited publications are listed on the inside back page For dated references, only the edition cited applies; any subsequent amendments to, or revisions of the cited publication apply to this British Standard only when incorporated in the reference by amendment or revision For undated references, the latest edition of the cited publication applies, together with any amendments 2.2 Informative references This British Standard refers to other publications that provide information or guidance Editions of these publications current at the time of issue of this standard are listed on the inside back page, but reference should be made to the latest editions 3.4 entrance angle The angle characterizing the angular position of the retroflector with respect to the direction of the incident light 3.5 observation angle The angle by which the direction of observation of the retroreflector differs from the direction of incident light 3.6 retroreflecting number plate A plate exhibiting the registration mark of a vehicle in which only the background to the registration mark consists of retroreflecting material 3.7 retroreflection Reflection in which the reflected rays are preferentially returned in directions close to the opposite of the direction of the incident rays, this property being maintained over wide variations of the direction of the incident rays 3.8 sample unit A pair of retroreflecting number plates within the dimensions shown in figure 1, one with a white and one with a yellow retroreflecting background, or in the case of a motorcycle one only with a yellow retroreflecting background, as used, complete with between two and seven characters and in the format and size specified in the appropriate regulations and including a representative method of fixing where appropriate Design NOTE The appropriate regulations of the Road Traffic Act [1] specify size and type of letters, numbers and margins of retroreflecting number plates Definitions Marking For the purposes of this British Standard the following definitions apply 5.1 Each number plate shall be permanently and legibly marked with the following information: a) the number of this British Standard, i.e BS AU 145d1); b) the name, trade mark or other means of identification of the manufacturer or component supplier; c) name and postcode of the supplying outlet 3.1 character A letter or number making up part of a vehicle registration mark 3.2 coefficient of luminous intensity, R The quotient of the luminous intensity of the retroreflector in the direction of observation by the illuminance at the retroreflector on a plane perpendicular to the direction of the incident light 3.3 coefficient of retroreflection, R9 The quotient of the coefficient of luminous intensity of a plane retroreflecting surface by its area NOTE.1 This information should be displayed as shown in figure and can be in any colour as long as it is not retroreflective d) If a border is displayed it shall be as shown in figure and shall not be retroreflective NOTE.2 The border may be any non-retroreflective colour e) There shall be no other marking, other than the two to seven characters specified in the regulations 1) Marking BS AU 145d on or in relation to a product represents a manufacturer's declaration of conformity, i.e a claim by or on behalf of the manufacturer that the product meets the requirements of the standard The accuracy of the claim is solely the claimant's responsibility Such a declaration is not to be confused with third party certification of conformity, which might also be desirable BSI 24 August 2001 Licensed Copy: I.P Newcastle University, Newcastle University, 02/04/2013 09:58, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) The British Standards Institution 2013 BS AU 145d : 1998 NOTE All dimensions are in millimetres NOTE See 3.8 NOTE The figure is not to scale Figure Dimensions and layout of sample unit BSI 24 August 2001 Licensed Copy: I.P Newcastle University, Newcastle University, 02/04/2013 09:58, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) The British Standards Institution 2013 BS AU 145d : 1998 5.2 Adequate fixing instructions shall be provided to avoid damage to the number plate when it is being fitted to vehicles Colour 6.1 Backgrounds The daylight colour of the retroreflecting backgrounds shall be as follows: ± front facing: ± rear facing: | | | | | | | | | | | | white; yellow When tested in accordance with clause 9, the chromaticity of the surfaces of background shall be within the area defined by the co-ordinates given in columns to of table for the appropriate colour The luminance factor shall be as given in table Retroreflection 7.1 The complete retroreflecting background area of the number plate shall be a continuous, substantially flat surface except that an integral raised or depressed margin, of width and height not exceeding mm and mm respectively, is permitted around the number plate periphery 7.2 The number plate background shall have a minimum coefficient of retroreflection, R9, as given in table for each of the observation angles and entrance angles specified At any of the test points at the 1Ê 309 observation angle the value of R9 shall not exceed 150 cd/lx per square metre 7.3 The characters shall have a coefficient of retroreflection not greater than 0.5 cd/lx per square metre at the angles specified in table when tested in accordance with clause 10 6.2 Characters The complete surface of the characters shall be a shade of black No part of the character shall have a luminance factor greater than that given for black in table 7.4 When tested in accordance with clause 10 the minimum coefficient of retroreflection, R9, for each angle shall conform to table 6.3 Colour deleted A schedule shall accompany every sample unit detailing the materials used in its construction The tests specified in this standard shall be carried out in the sequence specified in table Testing Table Daylight chromaticity and luminance factor limits Colour | Axes Co-ordinates Luminance factor White x y 0.355 0.355 0.305 0.305 0.285 0.325 0.335 0.375 $ 0.34 Yellow x y 0.545 0.454 0.487 0.423 0.427 0.483 0.465 0.534 $ 0.27 # 0.40 Black Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð # 0.05 Table Minimum coefficient of retroreflection, R9 Colour Observation angle Entrance angle 5Ê left and 5Ê right 30Ê left and 30Ê right 45Ê left and 45Ê right cd/lx per square metre White 0Ê 129 0Ê 209 1Ê 309 60 40 25 14 0.7 Yellow 0Ê 129 0Ê 209 1Ê 309 40 30 3.5 18 10 1.5 0.5 BSI 24 August 2001 Licensed Copy: I.P Newcastle University, Newcastle University, 02/04/2013 09:58, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) The British Standards Institution 2013 BS AU 145d : 1998 Table Test schedules Number of samples and tests Clause No of sample units required (see 3.8) Colorimetric test Retroreflection test Resistance to bending Resistance to solvents Thermal resistance Resistance to impact Resistance to corrosion Resistance to weathering Resistance to vibration and shock (where applicable) Colorimetric test Each sample unit shall be tested in accordance with the provisions of CIE Publication No 15 : 1986 when illuminated with a source simulating the CIE Standard Illuminant D 65 of that standard at 45Ê to the normal and viewed along the normal (45/0 geometry) 10 Retroreflection test 10.1 The sample unit shall be tested in accordance with 10.2 and shall conform to 7.4 10.2 Each sample unit shall be tested in accordance with the procedure defined in CIE Publication No 54 (TC - 2.3) : 1982 when illuminated with a source simulating the CIE Standard Illuminant A of CIE Publication No 15 The entrance and observation angles shall be in the same plane, as shown in figure 2, and the angle subtended by the sample unit at the receiver shall not exceed 1Ê 209 Measurements shall be taken on the sample unit using a minimum area of 2000 mm2 11 Resistance to bending 11.1 The sample unit shall be tested in accordance with 11.2 and shall conform to 11.3 11.2 Each sample unit shall be positioned in the holding fixture and clamped as for impact testing (see annex A), except that the end of the number plate to be used for the deflection test shall extend 125 mm from the clamp bar (see figure 3) A test mass, M, shall be attached, and suspended by means of a clamp, from a point on the longitudinal centre line of the number plate and 10 mm in from the free-end The total mass suspended from the plate (including the mass, M, its suspension and its clamp) shall be not less than kg 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Test schedule Total 1 ì ì ì ì Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð ì Ð Ð Ð ì Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð ì ì Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð Ð ì Ð A vertical height gauge shall be positioned at the end of the number plate to measure the deflection when the kg mass is applied (see figure 3) 11.3 The sample unit under test shall be preconditioned at 20 ÊC ± ÊC for at least h and shall be tested at 20 ÊC ± ÊC The maximum deflection, within 60 s of applying the mass, shall be not greater than 25 mm 12 Resistance to solvents 12.1 When tested in accordance with 12.2 the sample unit shall conform to 12.3 12.2 The front face surface of the sample unit shall be wiped for per solvent with cotton rag saturated with each of the three following solvents: a) white spirit in accordance with BS 245; b) paraffin class c1 in accordance with BS 2869 : Part : 1988 Use a fresh rag for each solvent 12.3 After the sample unit shall show no evidence of softening or dissolving of the surface or edges or any deleterious effect In cases of doubt, the value of R9 shall be measured as specified in 7.2 at an observation angle of 0Ê 129 and entrance angles of 5Ê left and 5Ê right only, and shall be not less than the values specified in table BSI 24 August 2001 Licensed Copy: I.P Newcastle University, Newcastle University, 02/04/2013 09:58, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) The British Standards Institution 2013 BS AU 145d : 1998 NOTE The arrangement illustrated shows a measurement being taken with a negative entrance angle In the case of measurements at positive entrance angles, the projector will be to the left of plane A±A The positions of the projector and receiver relative to one another remain the same, the only movement being to adjust the observation angle Figure Arrangement of apparatus for measuring the coefficient of retroreflection BSI 24 August 2001 Licensed Copy: I.P Newcastle University, Newcastle University, 02/04/2013 09:58, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) The British Standards Institution 2013 BS AU 145d : 1998 NOTE All dimensions are in millimeters NOTE The diagram is not to scale Figure Number plate bend-test arrangement BSI 24 August 2001 Licensed Copy: I.P Newcastle University, Newcastle University, 02/04/2013 09:58, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) The British Standards Institution 2013 BS AU 145d : 1998 13 Thermal resistance 13.1 A sample unit shall be tested in accordance with annex B for five cycles 13.2 The sample shall be compared visually with the unexposed reference specimen referred to in 16.1 The exposed sample shall show no appreciable evidence of cracking, blistering or delamination The colour of the exposed specimen shall continue to conform to 6.1 and table There shall be no shrinkage of background material in excess of % or mm, whichever is the lesser, in any linear direction measured from the edge of the material The sample shall show no distortion along its longitudinal axis greater than 10 mm 13.3 The value of R9 for the exposed sample tested at an observation angle of 0Ê 129 and entrance angles of 5Ê left and 5Ê right shall be not less than 80 % of the values given in table 14 Resistance to impact 14.1 Three sample units shall be tested in accordance with annex A using a kg mass which shall impact on the background material as near as possible to the geometric centre of the number plate 14.2 The sample unit shall be conditioned for h and then tested in accordance with annex A at a temperature of 20 ÊC ± ÊC and a relative humidity of 35 % to 50 % The impact energy shall be 7.5 J Any crack on either face of the sample unit shall be limited to within a radius of 20 mm of the centre of impact No part of the number plate shall become detached, otherwise the unit shall have been deemed to fail All three sample units shall meet these requirements 14.3 In cases of doubt, after the test the value of R9 for the retroreflective background shall be measured in accordance with 7.2 The measurements shall be taken over an area of 25 mm radius around the impacted area at an observation angle of 0Ê 129 and at entrance angles of 5Ê left and 5Ê right only and shall be not less than 80 % of the values given in table 15 Resistance to corrosion 15.1 The sample units which have been tested as specified in clause 14 shall be subjected to the action of a saline mist for 10 periods of exposure of 22 h, each period separated by suitable periods during which the sample unit is allowed to dry The saline mist shall be produced by atomizing, at a temperature of 35 ÊC ± ÊC, a saline solution obtained by dissolving ± parts m/m of sodium chloride in 95 parts m/m of distilled water containing not more than 0.02 % m/m of impurities BSI 24 August 2001 15.2 Immediately after completion of the test the sample unit shall not show signs of corrosion or moisture ingress liable to impair the efficiency of the sample unit 16 Resistance to weathering 16.1 General For each treatment, each number plate of a sample unit shall be cut into two or more parts and the cut edges sealed, if necessary, by means appropriate to the materials Each part shall include a character and a portion of the permitted markings One specimen shall be placed in the dark in a dry container for subsequent use as a reference unexposed specimen The other specimen which shall be of minimum size 100 mm 100 mm, shall undergo a weathering test in accordance with 16.2 After the test the specimen shall be washed in a dilute detergent solution and examined for conformance to 16.3, 16.4 and 16.5 16.2 Weathering The specimen shall be exposed to an accelerated artificial weathering test in accordance with annex C 16.3 Visual appearance No area of the exposed specimen shall show any appreciable evidence of cracking, scaling, pitting, blistering, delamination, blooming, corrosion or chalking There shall be no shrinkage of background material in excess of % or mm, whichever is the lesser, in any linear direction measured from the edge of the material NOTE See the note to clause 16.4 Colour fastness The colour of the exposed specimen shall continue to conform to clause 16.5 Coefficient of retroreflection 16.5.1 The effect of weathering on the value of R9 shall be measured only at an observation angle of 0Ê 129 and at entrance angles of 5Ê left and 5Ê right and 45Ê left and 45Ê right (see 7.2 and table 2) 16.5.2 The value of R9 for the exposed specimen, when dry, shall be not less than 80 % of the relevant value specified in table for the test angles stated in 16.5.1 16.5.3 The specimen shall be then subjected to a water spray using the apparatus shown in figure and the surface shall be kept continuously wetted The value of R9 for the specimen shall be measured at an observation angle of 0Ê 129 and at entrance angles of 5Ê left and 5Ê right and during this condition it shall be not less than 72 % of the minimum relevant value specified in table Licensed Copy: I.P Newcastle University, Newcastle University, 02/04/2013 09:58, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) The British Standards Institution 2013 BS AU 145d : 1998 NOTE All dimensions are in millimetres NOTE The diagram is not to scale Figure Test arrangements for measurement of the coefficient of retroreflection of wet specimens (see 16.5.3) 16.6 Effect of dirt 17 Resistance to vibration and shock 16.6.1 When exposed to artificial dirt, in accordance with annex D, test specimens conforming to 16.5 shall conform to 16.6.2 NOTE This test is applicable only to number plates where the characters are fixed by mechanical fixings 16.6.2 The coefficient of retroreflection R9 of the test specimen shall then be measured in accordance with 16.5.1 a) The value of R9 shall be not less than 80 % of the relevant value given in table for the specified test angles b) The luminance factor for white and yellow backgrounds shall be not less than 80 % of the relevant minimum values for the retroreflecting backgrounds given in table The luminance factor for yellow and black shall not exceed the maximum values for the retroreflecting backgrounds given in table 17.1 A sample unit shall be fixed on a suitable support in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions for fixing the number plate to the vehicle (see 5.2) Holes drilled for fixing the number plate, in the absence of specific instructions shall be mm in diameter, drilled 25 mm from the top edge of the number plate and spaced at 260 mm centres equally disposed about the centre line of the number plate The unit shall be vibrated at approximately 750 cycles/min through a distance of mm for h The table of the test machine shall be spring mounted at one end and fitted with steel contact blocks on the underside of the other end The blocks shall make contact with a steel anvil once during each cycle at the completion of the fall of the table, which shall be operated under a spring tension of 265 N to 310 N NOTE A typical test machine is shown in figure 17.2 After the test the sample unit shall be examined and shall not show evidence of material weakness, delamination or displacement of characters BSI 24 August 2001 Licensed Copy: I.P Newcastle University, Newcastle University, 02/04/2013 09:58, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) The British Standards Institution 2013 BS AU 145d : 1998 NOTE All linear dimensions are in millimetres NOTE See table for cam dimensions NOTE The diagram is not to scale Figure Vibration and shock test machine Table Cam-profile radiil) Point Radius mm 14.000 Point Radius mm Point Radius mm 15.461 15 17.594 14.000 15.765 16 17.899 14.064 10 16.070 17 18.204 14.241 11 16.375 18 18.509 14.546 12 16.680 19 18.686 14.851 13 16.985 20 18.763 15.156 14 17.289 1) The cam width is between 12 mm and 25 mm BSI 24 August 2001 BS AU 145d : 1998 Licensed Copy: I.P Newcastle University, Newcastle University, 02/04/2013 09:58, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) The British Standards Institution 2013 Annexes Annex A (normative) Method of test for impact resistance Annex B (normative) Method of test for thermal resistance A.1 Apparatus B.1 Principle Expose sample units to a temperature cycle to test their thermal resistance A.1.1 General The apparatus shall be as shown in figure A.1 A.1.2 Number plate holding fixture The number plate holding fixture shall consist of a piece of steel channel 400 mm 250 mm 75 mm on which two sample supports of 75 mm 10 mm are located in a vertical position, resting on the long cross-section edge, across the width of the flat face of the steel channel The spacing of the support plates shall be equidistant from the centre of the steel channel The distance between the inside faces of the support plates shall be 250 mm (See figure A.2.) Clamping of the test sample to each support shall be by means of a mm square bar The bar is the same length as the support plate and shall be retained in alignment by a pair of vertical steel bars attached to each end of the support plate A 20 mm square steel bar shall be attached to the top of the alignment plates, in a horizontal position, to form a bridge over the support plate and clamping bar The M8 set screws located in the threaded holes positioned in the centre of the span of each bridge bar, shall be used to apply pressure to the clamp bars A.1.3 Falling mass The falling mass (striker) shall be constructed from steel rod and shall have a spherical striking nose of 6.5 mm radius It shall be used with a drop tube of any suitable material which is straight and which has an inside diameter slightly larger than the falling mass and does not restrict its free fall A.2 Determination of impact resistance The impact resistance value shall be calculated by multiplying the height of the fall by the mass used A.3 Method Lay the test sample flat with the front surface uppermost and with an overhang at each end Tighten the set screw to a torque of N´m to secure the test sample Raise the mass to the required height and retain it by the location pin When the number plate and apparatus have attained the required conditions, remove the pin and allow the mass to fall freely 10 B.2 Procedure B.2.1 Test a sample unit in the normal vehicle attitude by holding it in a simple support system, such as that shown in figure B.1, to within ±10Ê of the vertical B.2.2 Support the sample unit in a dry atmosphere at a constant temperature of 65 ÊC ± ÊC for h, then removed to room temperature (20 ÊC ± ÊC) for h B.2.3 Condition the sample unit in accordance with B.2.2 Immediately after conditioning the sample unit place it in a dry atmosphere at a constant temperature of 240 ÊC ± ÊC for a period of 15 h, then remove to room temperature (20 ÊC ± ÊC) for h before re-exposing it to the atmosphere specified in B.2.2 Annex C (normative) Method and apparatus for accelerated artificial weathering tests C.1 Apparatus C.1.1 Xenon-arc artificial exposure equipment, conforming to BS 2782 : Part : Method 540B : 1995 C.2 Test conditions C.2.1 General Appropriate filters shall be placed between the light source and the sample unit to considerably reduce radiations with wavelengths shorter than 295 nm and longer than 2500 nm C.2.2 Irradiance level The irradiance level shall be 550 W/m2 ± 55 W/m2 (over the 300 nm to 800 nm range), when measured in the plane of the exposed specimens BSI 24 August 2001 Licensed Copy: I.P Newcastle University, Newcastle University, 02/04/2013 09:58, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) The British Standards Institution 2013 BSI 24 August 2001 Figure A.1 Apparatus for impact resistance test 11 BS AU 145d : 1998 NOTE All dimensions are in millimetres NOTE The diagram is not to scale Licensed Copy: I.P Newcastle University, Newcastle University, 02/04/2013 09:58, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) The British Standards Institution 2013 BS AU 145d : 1998 12 NOTE All dimensions are in millimetres NOTE The diagram is not to scale Figure A.2 Number plate holding fixture BSI 24 August 2001 Licensed Copy: I.P Newcastle University, Newcastle University, 02/04/2013 09:58, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) The British Standards Institution 2013 BS AU 145d : 1998 Figure B.1 Sample support stand for thermal resistance test C.2.3 Temperature The temperature shall be as specified in table C.1 Table C.1 Temperature Placement of retroreflecting material Temperature Black standard thermometer Retroreflective 50 ÊC ± ÊC material behind rigid transparent panel Retroreflecting 70 ÊC ± ÊC material forms front surface of the plate Black panel thermometer 45 ÊC ± ÊC 63 ÊC ± ÊC C.2.4 Relative humidity Relative humidity shall be 65 % ± 5%, when measured during the light-only portion of the exposure cycle C.2.5 Radiant exposure Radiant exposure shall be 4500 MJ/m2 ± 250 MJ/m2 at the recommended irradiance level of 550 W/m2 ± 55 W/m2 (over the 300 nm to 800 nm range) NOTE This gives an exposure time of approximately 2275 h C.2.6 Exposure cycle The exposure cycle shall be 102 of light only at the black panel temperature specified in C.2.3, followed by 18 of light with specimen spray NOTE Water used for the specimen spray may contain a maximum of ppm dissolved solids and 0.1 ppm maximum silica Water of the required purity can be achieved by distillation or a combination of deionization and reverse osmosis BSI 24 August 2001 C.3 Procedure Expose the sample unit under the test conditions in accordance with either the test methods described in BS 2782 : Part : Method 540D : 1995 or BS 2782 : Part : Method 540B : 1982 Annex D (normative) Procedure for preparing a dirty number plate for test purposes D.1 Principle The specimen exposed as described in 16.2 and tested as described in 16.5, is artificially made dirty for the purpose of the test described in 16.6 D.2 Artificial dirt Artificial dirt shall consist of the following mixture: ± nine parts by mass of silica sand with particle size # 100 mm; ± one part by mass of vegetable carbon dust with particle size # 100 mm; ± 0.2 parts by mass of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) and an appropriate quantity of distilled water with conductivity less than or equal to 10 mS/cm The NaCMC used in the dirt mixture shall have a degree of substitution 0.6 to 0.7 and a viscosity of 200 mPa´s to 300 mPa´s (200 cP to 300 cP) at 20 ÊC for a % by m/m solution The test mixture shall be not more than 14 days old D.3 Procedure Apply the mixture to the front surface of the weathered specimen so that the background is obscured Allow the mixture to dry and leave it on the surface for three days Then clean the surfaces by washing with a clean mixture of water and a neutral detergent, using a soft natural bristle brush if necessary 13 14 blank Licensed Copy: I.P Newcastle University, Newcastle University, 02/04/2013 09:58, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) The British Standards Institution 2013 BS AU 145d : 1998 Licensed Copy: I.P Newcastle University, Newcastle University, 02/04/2013 09:58, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) The British Standards Institution 2013 List of references Normative references BSI publications BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION, London BS 245 : 1976 BS 2782 BS 2782 : Part : BS 2782 : Part : Method 540E : 1995 BS 2782 : Part : Method 540D : 1995 BS 2869 : BS 2869 : Part : 1988 Specification for mineral solvents (white spirit and related hydrocarbon solvents) for paints and other purposes Methods of testing plastics Optical and colour properties, weathering Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources Ð Xenon arc sources Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources (General guidance) Fuel oils for non-marine use Specification for fuel oil for agricultural and industrial engines and burners (classes A2, C1, C2, D, E, F, G and H) CIE publications INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION OF ILLUMINATION (CIE), Vienna (All publications are available from Customer Services BSI.) Publication CIE No 15 : Second edition, 1986 Colorimetry Publication CIE No 54 : (TC-2.3) : 1982 Retroreflection definition and measurement Informative references [1] GREAT BRITAIN Road Traffic Act 1991 London : HMSO [2] GREAT BRITAIN Road Vehicles (Registration and Licensing) Regulations, as amended London : HMSO BSI 24 August 2001 Licensed Copy: I.P Newcastle University, Newcastle University, 02/04/2013 09:58, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) The British Standards Institution 2013 BS AU 145d : 1998 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BSI Ð British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level It is incorporated by Royal Charter Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover Tel: 020 8996 9000 Fax: 020 8996 7400 BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards Buying standards Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be addressed to Customer Services Tel: 020 8996 9001 Fax: 020 8996 7001 Standards are also available from the BSI website at http://www.bsi-global.com In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the BSI implementation of those that have been published as British Standards, unless otherwise requested Information on standards BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and international standards through its Library and its Technical Help to Exporters Service Various BSI electronic information services are also available which give details on all its products and services Contact the Information Centre Tel: 020 8996 7111 Fax: 020 8996 7048 Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments and receive substantial discounts on the purchase price of standards For details of these and other benefits contact Membership Administration Tel: 020 8996 7002 Fax: 020 8996 7001 Further information about BSI is available on the BSI website at http://www.bsi-global.com Copyright Copyright subsists in all BSI publications BSI also holds the copyright, in the UK, of the publications of the international standardization bodies Except as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means ± electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise ± without prior written permission from BSI This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations If these details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior written permission of BSI must be obtained If permission is granted, the terms may include royalty payments or a licensing agreement Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright Manager Tel: 020 8996 7070