BRITISH STANDARD AUTOMOBILE SERIES BS AU 265 2 1995 ISO 6518 2 1995 Incorporating Amendment No 1 Road vehicles — Ignition systems — Part 2 Electrical performance and function test methods ICS 43 060 5[.]
Li cen sed Copy: Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Sat Dec 09 02: 08: 57 G M T+00: 00 2006, U n trol l ed Copy, (c) BSI BRITISH STANDARD AUTOMOBILE SERIES BS AU 265 -2:1 995 ISO 65 8-2: 995 Incorp orating Am endm ent No Road vehicles — Ignition systems — Part 2: Electrical performance and function test methods IC S 43 60 Li cen sed Copy: Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Sat Dec 09 02: 08: 57 G M T+00: 00 2006, U n trol l ed Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 265 -2:1 995 Committees responsible for this British Standard The p rep aration of this Britis h S tandard was entrus ted to Technical C ommittee MC E /9, Ignition equip ment for sp ark ignition engines , up on which the following b odies were rep res ented: S ociety of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Ltd C oop ted memb ers This Britis h S tandard, having b een p rep ared under the direction of the E ngineering S ector Board, was p ub lis hed under the authority of the S tandards Board and comes Amendments issued since publication into effect on D ecemb er 9 © BS I - 0 Amd No D ate C omments 961 S ep temb er Indicated b y a s ideline in the margin 99 The following BS I references relate to the work on this s tandard: C om mittee reference MC E /9 D raft for comment /70 92 45 D C ISBN 80 24945 X Li cen sed Copy: Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Sat Dec 09 02: 08: 57 G M T+00: 00 2006, U n trol l ed Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 265 -2:1 995 Contents Page Committees responsib le Inside front cover National foreword ii Scope Ignition system description 1 Test equipment Parameters to be measured or determined 5 Procedures Figure — Test circuit for ignition systems with mechanical distributor Figure — Test circuit for static ignition systems with single- ended coils Figure — Test circuit for static ignition systems with doub le- ended coils Figure — Examples of measurements performed on ignition systems Figure — Setting of pointed spark gap Figure — Spark gap electrode requirements Tab le — Test conditions List of references © BSI 03- 000 Inside back cover i Li cen sed Copy: Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Sat Dec 09 02: 08: 57 G M T+00: 00 2006, U n trol l ed Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 265 -2:1 995 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee MCE/9 It is Road vehicles — Ignition systems — Part 2: Electrical performance and function test methods , including Technical identical with ISO 651 8- 2: 995 Corrigendum , published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages to 0, an inside back cover and a back cover This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover ii © BSI 03- 2000 Li cen sed Copy: Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Sat Dec 09 02: 08: 57 G M T+00: 00 2006, U n trol l ed Copy, (c) BSI ISO 651 8-2:1 995(E) Scope This part of ISO 6518 specifies the methods and test conditions for testing battery-supplied ignition systems for spark-ignited internal combustion engines Because of the difficulties in producing repeatable measurements with atmospheric spark gaps and different observers, two methods of obtaining the results necessary for calculating the system output energy are given Method A — using spark gaps for the energy measurement (test arrangement A) The output energy obtained by this method is called spark energy, Esp Method B — using a Zener diode string for the energy measurement (test arrangement B) The output energy obtained by this method is called Zener discharge energy, Ezd This method is not suitable for systems giving alternating spark current Method B is also recommended for the comparative testing of ignition coils and current interruption systems 2.2 Static (distributorless) ignition system with single-ended coils The following components shall be interconnected as shown in Figure or in any other circuit which has been proved to be equivalent 2.2.1 Coils which, depending on the system tested, may be — single-ended coils as described in 2.1 , or — a multiple high-tension terminal assembly formed by single-ended coils, or — plug-top coils 2.2.2 Auxiliary switching device implicit with the system being tested such as a transistorized control unit 2.3 Static (distributorless) ignition system with double-ended coil(s) The following components shall be interconnected as shown in Figure or in any other circuit which has been proved to be equivalent 2.3.1 Coils which, depending on the system tested, may be — double-ended coils, or — a multiple high-tension terminal assembly formed by double-ended coils Ignition system description Auxiliary switching device implicit with For the tests described in the following subclauses, 2.3.2 the system being tested such as a transistorized the ignition system components used shall be as control unit specified for the application being examined, i.e to the original equipment specification Test equipment 2.1 Ignition system with mechanical 3.1 Variable d.c power supply having a 10 % distributor to 90 % transient recovery time of not more The following components shall be interconnected than 50 4s over the load range encountered in use as shown in Figure or in any other circuit which It shall have no more than 50 mV variation in has been proved to be equivalent average voltage from no-load to full ignition system 2.1 Single-ended coil which can be the load and no more than 100 mV peak-to-peak ripple conventional induction coil or an air or magnetic over the same load range This power supply may be core transformer substituted by a battery with or without a charging system The power supply shall be positioned 2.1 Coil ballast resistor or resistors, if the coil immediately adjacent to the system being tested being tested requires a ballast resistor, or any fixed or variable means to make the voltage and/or the 3.2 Oscilloscope with a maximum rise time current in the ignition circuit vary of 35 ns, with a minimum band pass of 10 MHz, shall be used (P1 and P2) The overall uncertainty of 2.1 Distributor which distributes the ignition measurement including voltage and current probes impulses to the spark-plugs It may also contain (see 3.3 and 3.4 ) shall be less than % means of triggering and/or timing adjustment, all of which have a proper angular interrelationship to 3.3 Voltage probe (RD ) with an input capacitance themselves and to the engine smaller than or equal to pF and an input resistance of 100 M7 or greater 2.1 Auxiliary switching device implicit with the system being tested such as a transistorized 3.4 Current probe (P ) suitable for d.c to 10 MHz control unit 3.5 d.c ammeter (P3 ) with a maximum voltage drop of 100 mV under test conditions © BSI 03-2000 Li cen sed Copy: Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Sat Dec 09 02: 08: 57 G M T+00: 00 2006, U n trol l ed Copy, (c) BSI ISO 651 8-2:1 995(E) 1) The distance between rotor electrode and cap electrode shall be maintained constant during spark duration or as agreed between user and supplier 2) The arrow shows the sequence of the sparks 3) Set according to 5.3.1 Key P1 = current probe, amplifier and oscilloscope C1 = load capacity P2 = voltage- measuring oscilloscope R1 = load resistor P3 = d c ammeter R to R P4 = d c voltmeter P5 = tachometer NOTE = suppression impedances (the current and resistance of which are fixed by agreement between the manufacturer and the user) RD = voltage probe An example of an eight- cylinder system is shown Figure — Test circuit for ignition systems with mechanical distributor © BSI 03- 2000 Li cen sed Copy: Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Sat Dec 09 02: 08: 57 G M T+00: 00 2006, U n trol l ed Copy, (c) BSI ISO 651 8-2:1 995(E) 1) Set according to 5.3.1 Key P1 = current probe, amplifier and oscilloscope C1 = load capacity P2 = voltage- measuring oscilloscope R1 = load resistor P3 = d c ammeter R to R9 P4 = d c voltmeter P5 = tachometer (crankshaft rotational frequency = suppression impedances (the current and resistance of which are fixed by agreement between the manufacturer and the user) RD = voltage probe signal) NOTE An example of an eight- cylinder system is shown Figure — Test circuit for static ignition systems with single-ended coils © BSI 03- 2000 Li cen sed Copy: Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Sat Dec 09 02: 08: 57 G M T+00: 00 2006, U n trol l ed Copy, (c) BSI ISO 651 8-2:1 995(E) 1) Set according to 5.3.1 Key P1 = current probe, amplifier and oscilloscope C1 = load capacity P2 = voltage- measuring oscilloscope R1 = load resistor P3 = d c ammeter R to R P4 = d c voltmeter P5 = tachometer (crankshaft rotational frequency = suppression impedances (the current and resistance of which are fixed by agreement between the manufacturer and the user) RD = voltage probe signal) NOTE For double- ended coils, secondary outlets shall be tested at high voltage NOTE An example of an eight- cylinder system is shown Figure — Test circuit for static ignition systems with double-ended coils © BSI 03- 2000 Li cen sed Copy: Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Sat Dec 09 02: 08: 57 G M T+00: 00 2006, U n trol l ed Copy, (c) BSI ISO 651 8-2:1 995(E) (P4) with an input resistance of at least 10 k7/V and with sufficient resolution to indicate differences of 10 mV easily 3.7 Distributor or trigger wheel drive stand and attached tachometer (P5) conforming to the following: a) a continuously variable rotational frequency adjustment, capable of being varied between 10 min–1 and 000 min–1 for a distributor drive stand and between 20 min–1 and at least 000 min–1 for a trigger wheel drive stand; b) the rotational frequency shall be within ± % below 400 min–1 and ± 20 min–1 above 400 min–1 ; c) a tachometer accurate to within ± 0,2 % of indicated rotational frequency 3.8 Loads shall be connected to the ignition system by high-voltage, non-resistive metal conductor ignition cables The length depends on the capacitive load (see 3.8.2 ) 3.8.1 Multi-point spark gap stand , each gap being individually variable (see Figure 5) 3.8.2 The capacitance C1 simulates the capacitance of the cables and spark-plugs as normally encountered on the engine This capacitance shall be a low dissipation factor (not greater than % at kHz) secondary ignition cable of a length such that, in conjunction with the capacitor and high-tension probe, the total capacitance is 50 pF to 55 pF for ignition systems with distributor; 25 pF to 30 pF for static ignition system with single-ended coils; 50 pF to 55 pF for static ignition systems with double-ended coils To measure the total capacitance, the distributor spark gaps, and the impedances R2 to R10 if lumped resistors, shall be shunted and the ignition cable shall be removed from the ignition coil 3.6 Voltmeter NOTE It may be necessary to consider the effect of parasitic capacitances NOTE Other values of capacitance may be agreed upon depending on the application The resistor R1 simulates lead or carbon fouled spark-plugs This resistor shall have a low voltage coefficient (maximum 0,000 %/V), non-inductive, approximately 10 W and M7 ± % It shall be connected in parallel to the capacitance for some measurements 3.8.3 3.8.4 A Zener diode string of kV for single-ended coils and two Zener diode strings of kV and 0,5 kV for double-ended coils (see Figure 3), each with a Zener voltage tolerance of ± % under test conditions Parameters to be measured or determined 4.1 Available voltage, Uav Comparing the available voltage, Uav, to the voltage required, Uspc, to fire spark-plugs in a given engine determine the adequacy of the ignition system [see Figure a)] It shall be measured when the system is loaded with the capacitance C1 described in 3.8.2 4.2 Minimum available voltage, Uavm The minimum available voltage1) , Uavm, shall be measured when the system is loaded with the capacitance C1 and the resistor R1 connected in parallel The minimum amplitude shall be recorded This represents the level which can be guaranteed from the system being tested at an ambient temperature of 23 °C ± °C, a trigger wheel rotational frequency of 000 min–1 and a supply voltage of 13,5 V 4.3 Secondary output voltage, Us The secondary output voltage, Us, may also be measured for comparison with values obtained for available voltage, Uav 4.4 Interruption current, Ipi The interruption current1) , Ipi, determines the energy into the system [see Figure c)] 4.5 Average current input, Ipar The average current input, Ipar, determines the average current draw of the system with respect to the d.c source (alternator, generator, battery, etc.) 4.6 Energy 4.6.1 In du c tiv e sp a rk en ergy, Espi The inductive spark energy2) , Espi, is determined by test method A (see 5.3.1 ) It is calculated from the integration of the product of the measured values of spark voltage, Usp [adjusted to Ue: see Figure f)] and spark current Isp over the spark duration tfsp [see Figure f)] 1) This measurement does not apply to capacitor discharge ignition systems 2) This is an indication of the amount of electrically caused erosion which will occur on spark-plug electrodes Experience is required to use this information effectively © BSI 03-2000 Li cen sed Copy: Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Sat Dec 09 02: 08: 57 G M T+00: 00 2006, U n trol l ed Copy, (c) BSI ISO 651 8-2:1 995(E) 4.6.2 Zen er disc rge en ergy, The Zener discharge energy, E zd, E 4.6.4 zd is determined by Ma ximu m sp a rk c u rren t, I spm , or m a xim u m Zen er disc h a rge c u rren t, 3) I test method B It is calculated from the integration The maximum spark current Zener discharge current is the instantaneous discharge voltage zd U zd and Zener discharge current over the Zener discharge duration t fzd [see Figure g)] spm , zdm of the measured values of the product of Zener I , I current from the secondary winding of the ignition coil flowing through the spark gap after breakdown [see Figure f)] or through the Zener diodes [see Figure g) ] 4.6.3 Sp a rk du ti on o r Zen er disc h a rge 4.7 Secondary voltage rise time, t The secondary voltage rise time, is an indication t sUr , sUr of the ability of an ignition system to fire shunted (fouled) spark- plugs The shorter the secondary du ti o n This duration within limits is indicative of the igniting capability of the ignition coil output under marginal fuel conditions 2) [see Figure d), Figure f) and Figure g)] voltage rise time, the less system energy is lost across the fouled shunt and more voltage is available to fire the spark- plug [see Figure b)] It shall be measured when the system is loaded with the capacitance resistor 1) or maximum R C described in 3.8.2 and the described in 3.8.3 The wave form shown occurs in ingnition systems with contact breaker Figure — Examples of measurements performed on ignition systems 3) This measurement does not apply to capacitor discharge ignition systems © BSI 03- 2000 Li cen sed Copy: Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Sat Dec 09 02: 08: 57 G M T+00: 00 2006, U n trol l ed Copy, (c) BSI ISO 651 8-2:1 995(E) U n To facilitate comparison between systems, the supply secondary voltage rise time shall be determined crankshaft between – , kV and – kV, to be repeated between + , kV and + kV for double- ended coils The coil primary induced voltage 4) , U = 000 –1 Procedures or as agreed between user and manufacturer 4.8 Coil primary induced voltage, = 3, V; U 5.1 General pind pind , The circuit arrangements shown in Figure is useful to Figure with instrumentation in place can be with respect to contact breaker life in classic used to measure the parameters in clause ignition systems and is an indication of the stress on Test arrangement A is intended for tests to confirm a semiconductor power switch (unless voltage clamping is used) in inductive energy storage the required system functions and system ignition systems [see Figure e)] If it shall be performance measured, it may be necessary to use a measuring Test arrangement B is intended for tests to compare instrument with a differential input the performance of ignition coils and current The primary induced voltage wave form is always interruption systems preceded (usually within 20 5.2 Test conditions 4s) by a leakage induction spike Usually this is ignored in The test conditions shall be chosen from Table as calculations but if the area under the spike curve appropriate becomes significant then it is essential that it be During simulated starting tests, the system shall be taken into account, when considering the effect on operated under conditions simulating vehicle solid state components 4.9 Ignition-limiting load resistance, R electrical conditions for the primary side of the kV system For example, if a resistor in series with the The shunt behaviour of an ignition system is also primary coil is normally shunted during engine determined by its ignition- limiting load resistance, cranking, this resistor shall be shunted for this R kV It is the load resistance at which the absolute value of the available voltage, U The designation for it is (see R in Figure R kV av, portion of bench tests falls to kV 5.2.1 The supply voltages, to Figure 3) C U U sup sup , given in Table , are based on V nominal voltage If 24 V systems are The parameters are C load (see Su p p ly v olta ge, to be tested, multiply these voltages by two in Figure to Figure 3) as described in 3.8.2 Table — Test conditions Trigger wheel rotational frequency Ambient temperature Supply voltage U a °C Test at operational temperature sup ± 0, Test at room min–1 Ib V condition Temperature class temperature II c Operating III c 40 + 23 ± – 30 ± 00 10 + 23 ± + 80 ± + 00 ± + 20 ± Warm starting 3, + 23 ± + 80 ± + 00 ± + 20 ± Running Cold starting 500 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 a b c 4) For the distributor rotational frequency, divide by two Class I is preferred for items mounted in vehicle cabin or similar environment Class II or III is preferred for items mounted on or near the engine This measurement does not apply to capacitor discharge ignition systems © BSI 03- 2000 Li cen sed Copy: Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Sat Dec 09 02: 08: 57 G M T+00: 00 2006, U n trol l ed Copy, (c) BSI ISO 651 8-2:1 995(E) The oscilloscope P2 (see 3.2 ) and the voltage probe RD (see 3.3 ) shall be used to measure the spark Allow the ignition system to soak at least h at the voltage and the spark duration The voltage probe temperatures listed in Table before beginning shall be connected to a spark gap that has been tests adjusted a value Usp To measure the spark Before any readings are recorded at any of the test current, atocurrent probe shall be used as shown points, the system shall be allowed to come to a in Figure to Figure 3, test arrangement A thermally stable operating condition to be agreed 5.3.2 Test method B — Zener discharge energy upon between manufacturer and user When environmental equipment is used to control Test method B shall be used with test ambient temperature, care shall be taken that wire arrangement B to compare the performance and and/or cable lengths and, consequently, impedances function of ignition coils and current interruption systems not distort test results For the energy measurement, a Zener diode string 5.3 Test methods of kV as shown in Figure and Figure 2, test Test methods A and B differ in the test arrangement arrangement or one Zener diode string of kV for the energy measurement (spark voltage or Zener and one ZenerB,diode string of 0,5 kV as shown discharge voltage, spark current or Zener discharge in Figure shall be used The discharge current current, and spark duration or Zener discharge used for the energy calculation shall be measured by duration) using a current probe as shown in Figure The resulting energies calculated will differ to Figure 3, test arrangement B 5.3.1 Test method A — Inductive spark energy The energy calculation is given in 4.6.2 Test method A is closest to a vehicle installation and The oscilloscope P2 and the voltage probe RD are shall be used with test arrangement A to confirm used as shown in Figure to Figure to measure the system functions It shall be used to measure the the voltage across the Zener diode string and the parameters in clause under the conditions given discharge duration in 5.2 and the appropriate condition in Table The calculation in 4.6.1 with this procedure determines the inductive part of the spark energy discharged in a spark gap as shown in Figure and Figure The spark gap for single-ended coils shall be set to give a spark voltage Usp of kV ± % For double-ended coils (see Figure 3), two spark gaps shall be used, one set to kV ± %, the other to 0,5 kV ± % for each secondary winding 5.2.2 Ambient temperatures Figure — Setting of pointed spark gap © BSI 03-2000 Li cen sed Copy: Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Sat Dec 09 02: 08: 57 G M T+00: 00 2006, U n trol l ed Copy, (c) BSI © BSI 03- 000 Figure — Spark gap electrode requirements ISO 651 8-2:1 995(E) Li cen sed Copy: Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Sat Dec 09 02: 08: 57 G M T+00: 00 2006, U n trol l ed Copy, (c) BSI 10 blank Li cen sed Copy: Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Sat Dec 09 02: 08: 57 G M T+00: 00 2006, U n trol l ed Copy, (c) BSI List of references See national foreword © BSI 03- 000 BS AU 265 -2:1 995 Li cen sed Copy: Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Lon d on Sou th Ban k U n i versi ty, Sat Dec 09 02: 08: 57 G M T+00: 00 2006, U n trol l ed Copy, (c) BSI BS AU 265 -2:1 995 ISO 65 8-2: BSI — British Standards Institution 995 BS I is the indep endent national b ody res p ons ib le for p rep aring Britis h S tandards It p res ents the UK view on s tandards in E urop e and at the international level It is incorp orated b y Royal C harter Revisions Britis h S tandards are up dated b y amendment or revis ion Us ers of Britis h S tandards should make s ure that they p oss es s the latest amendments or editions It is the constant aim of BS I to imp rove the quality of our p roducts and services We 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