LEADERSHIP STYLES OF UNIVERSITY MANAGERS TOWARD JOB SATISFACTION, WORK COMMITMENT AND BEHAVIORAL OUTCOME
i SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines Socialist Republic of Vietnam LEADERSHIP STYLES OF UNIVERSITY MANAGERS TOWARD JOB SATISFACTION, WORK COMMITMENT AND BEHAVIORAL OUTCOME A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School, Southern Luzon State University, Republic of the Philippines and Thai Nguyen University, Socialist Republic of Vietnam In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in Educational Management by PHI DINH KHUONG (NADAL) April 2014 ii APPROVAL SHEET This dissertation entitled “Leadership Styles of University Managers Toward Job Satisfaction, Work Commitment and Behavioral Outcome” submitted by PHI DINH KHUONG, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Management been examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval. DR. BELLA MUELLO Adviser Approved by the Oral Examination Committee, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education Management by Southern Luzon State University, Republic of the Philippines in collaboration with Thai Nguyen University, Socialist Republic of Vietnam DR. DR. DR. Critic Reader Chairman Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education Management by Southern Luzon State University, Republic of the Philippines in collaboration with Thai Nguyen University, Socialist Republic of Vietnam Dean, Graduate School Date _________________ iii ACKNOWLEGDEMENT The researcher wishes to express his heartfelt appreciation and gratitude to: Dr. Cecilia N. Gascon, President of the Southern Luzon State University, Republic of the Philippines for permission of training for Doctor of Philosophy in Educatinal Managenent in International training center, Thai Nguyen University; Dr. Dang Kim Vui, President of Thai Nguyen University for allowance the training for Doctor of Philosophy in Educatinal Managenent in International training center, Thai Nguyen University; Dr. Bella R Muello, his research adviser, who from the very preparation of the study had always been there to give valuable suggestions and ideas for the completion of this study; Dr. Apolonia A. Espinosa, for sharing her statistical skills in evaluating this study and suggestions; Dr. Tran Thanh Van, head of postgraduate, Thai Nguyen University and Dr. Dang Xuan Binh, director of International training center for their kind support throughout the course of this study; Leaders of universities and colleges in Thai Nguyen for providing respondents and for their untiring support to pursue this study; Dr , Prof , members of the panel, for their precious suggestions and supports for the completion of this study; Dr , who served as critic reader during the oral defense, for his comments and suggestions; Mr for his proficient insights and valuable suggestions in the finalization of this study; iv ITC staff, for providing the necessary research materials; His beloved mother and wife for the encouragement, help and moral support as his sources of strength and inspiration; The teacher – respondents of the study, for their active involvement and cooperation; and To all who have contributed to make this study a success. LXT v TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE APPROVAL SHEET ACKNOWLEDGMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES ABSTRACT Chapter I. INTRODUCTIOIN Background of the Study Objectives of the Study Hypothesis Significance of the Study Scope and Limitation of the Study Definition of Terms Chapter II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE AND STUDIES Conceptual/ Theoretical Framework Research Paradigm Chapter III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Locale of the Study Research Design Population and Sampling Instrumentation Data Gathering Procedures Statistical Treatment Chapter IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Chapter V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Summary Findings Conclusions Recommendations BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES RESEARCHER’S PROFILE page i ii iii v vi vii viii 2 4 5 5 6 6 23 44 45 46 47 49 49 50 54 60 61 61 62 64 67 73 vi LIST OF TABLES 1. Frequency, Percentage and Distribution of the Respondents 2. Mean Distribution of Responses as to Ethical Leadership 3. Mean Distribution of the Responses as to Job Satisfaction ………… 4. Mean Distribution of Responses Commitment to work 5. Mean Distribution of Responses Behavioral Outcomes 47 53 54 56 58 vii LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1 Research Paradigm ……… ……………………………… ……… 2 Location of Respondent Colleges and University in Thai Nguyen Province 49 51 viii AB STRACT Title of Dissertation : Leadership Styles Towards Job Satisfaction, Work Commitment and Behavioral Outcome Researcher : Complete Name (NADAL) Adviser : Dr. Bella R. Muello Academic Year : April 2014 This research determined to find out the most dominant leadership style and to correlate it with job satisfaction, work commitment and behavioral outcome. It answered the following objectives: 1. Determine the most dominant leadership style; 2. Ascertain the level of job satisfaction of the respondents; 3. Find out the degree of work commitment; 4. Find out the behavioral outcome of the subjects; and 5. Correlate the most dominant leadership styles with the three variables. It used the descriptive correlation type of research where 300 respondents from Thai Nguyen University were utilized. Random sampling was used. The gathered data were computed using weighted mean, rank, and chi- square. Based from the interpreted data the following findings were drawn: 1. Transformational leadership style is the most dominant with an AWM of 3.36 (SA). 2. The level of job satisfaction is very satisfied with an AWM of 3.27. 3. AWM of 3.34 was obtained in level of commitment to work (Vc) 4. On behavioral outcomes, it got an AWM of 3:30 (strongly agree) 5. With a chi-square of 3.65, 1.23 and 4.26 consecutively on the three variables, it revealed that the computed value is higher than the critical value at .01 level of significance, thus the null hypothesis is rejected. From the findings, the following conclusions were made: 1. the most dominant leadership style is transformational leadership 2. The respondents are highly satisfied on the level of job satisfaction 3. The degree of work commitment is very evident. 4. The respondents practice good behavior in ix their work. 5. The correlation between transformational leadership and the three variables are positively related. In view of the results of the study, the researcher recommends to use different samples coming from another institution to prove the reliability of the findings. 1 Chapter I INTRODUCTION In recent years, the leaders in Thai Nguyen University have paid considerable attention to education and university performance as key to sustainable development and stability. Such recognition makes education an indispensable means for effective participation not only in the socio-economic development of the country but also in the on- going rapid globalization. Throughout the years, it has been the goal of the educational system in Thai Nguyen to regard education as instrument for excellence for national development. It follows therefore that the realization of the country’s educational policies and the performance of the administrators, lecturers and students at all levels of the system are intertwined. The kind of education can be reflected on the leadership style of managers. In any organization the leader behavior is partly reflected on how their constituents perform. Their roles and expectations can induce change in the behavior of the members. Their commitment to do their job can also be ascertained on how they accomplished their duties. More so, their job satisfaction can also be observed. As such the success of any work group or organization depends on leadership. A major factor in an effective university is a strong leader who steers the organization toward the achievement of the mission. Background of the study Thai Nguyen University (TNU) established by Decree No. 31 dated on April 4 th 1994 of the Government on the basis of the arrangement, reorganization of the university and vocational training under the Ministry of Education and Training in Thai Nguyen. Currently TNU consists of seven universities, one college and two faculties, a defense [...]... tenets on ethical leadership and its variables could serve as resources for other studies 5 Scope and Limitation of the Study This study was concerned on the dominant leadership traits of university managers towards job satisfaction, work commitment and behavioral outcomes of the respondents of Thai Nguyen University There were 255 teachers used as respondents with questionnaire and interview as the... and behavioral outcomes of the respondents at Thai Nguyen University year 2012 – 2013 Specifically, it was conducted to: 1 Determine the dominant leadership style of principals as perceived by the respondents 2 Find out the level of job satisfaction of the respondents 3 Ascertain the commitment to work of the respondents 4 Find out the behavioral outcomes of the respondents 5 Correlate the dominant leadership. .. leadership style with these three mentioned variables Null Hypothesis 4 None of the above mentioned variables predict ethical leadership style of school manager Significance of the Study This study attempts to know the influence of the dominant leadership style toward the level of job satisfaction, work commitment and behavioral outcome With this is mind, this study will be beneficial to the following:... effect of hierarchical level on the relationships between leadership styles and various work outcomes The results of their work provided no support for a cascading effect of leadership across hierarchical levels The variation of leadership scores in their study was explained primarily by the organisational context They concluded that the hospital’s structure and culture were major determinants of leadership. .. and all the variables as a whole, the university performance can be best viewed in a clearer and more thorough perspective In effect, monitoring of the university s performance in the locality makes this research even more imperative Objectives of Study The main purpose of this was to find out the dominant leadership style of the principal which influence the level of job satisfaction, commitment and. .. transformational leadership at lower levels Their results thus contradict those of Basset al (1987) and Avolio and Bass (1988) Kabacoff (1999) presented a paper that showed differences in the leadership styles and practices of individuals representing seven management levels and nine job functions within North American organisations Hunt (1996) commented on the large number of studies that examine some aspect of leadership. .. view 5 Managers ask how and when; leaders ask what and why 6 Managers initiate, leaders originate 7 Managers accept the status quo; leaders challenge it Leadership styles- are approach a manager use to influence others These elements of a manager’s leadership style are composed of three parts: how they choose to motivate, their decision making styles and their areas of emphasis (orientation) in the work. .. for middle managers and followers It discusses the role of middle managers and did not particularly concern itself with the leadership styles and behaviour of this group It is a reflective paper and it had no empirical results to discuss It would have been interesting to see, in an empirically based paper, the aspects of leadership styles and leadership behaviour dimensions where middle-level leaders... transactional and transformational leadership Elements of both types of leadership are arranged on a vertical axis measuring effectiveness (ineffective to effective) and a horizontal axis measuring involvement (passive to active) Transactional leadership styles tend to fall in the ineffective and passive quadrant, while transformational leadership styles largely fall in the effective and active quadrant of the... administration and supervision of Thai Nguyen University The study would provide leaders with a clear idea on how effective and successful the principals are in the work as university administrators In the same manner, their ethical leadership could give a fresh perspective in terms of its influence to the overall university standing in the academic aspect Teachers The outcome of the study is of great help . force in organizations. Transactional style Transactional Leadership, also known as managerial lea dership, focuses on the role of supervision, organisation, and group performance; transactional. symbolic, and metaphoric language that lends credibility to the communication (Conger & Kanungo, 1987). Ideas, thoughts, and concepts must be articulated in an inspirational and motivating manner. Outcome” submitted by PHI DINH KHUONG, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Management been examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval. DR.