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PART 1 1 Human speech organs In the spaces provided, fill in the names of the human speech organs numbered in the diagram 1 upper lip 2 upper teeth 3 alveolar ridge 4 hard palate 5 velum 6 uvula 7 epi.
PART 1 Human speech organs In the spaces provided, fill in the names of the human speech organs numbered in the diagram upper lip lower lip upper teeth tip alveolar ridge 10 blade hard palate 11 front velum 12 back uvula 13 oral cavity epiglottis 14 vocal folds Phonemic representation Work out phonemic representations for the following words, using the convention of slash brackets Remember that phonemic representations adhere strictly to the principle: `one sound, one symbol' Pronounce some of these words to yourself and attempt to write down their phonetic transcriptions next to the phonemic transcriptions Word cat pyjamas cast fission cod through kill cattle shut quite floor there calm heard gang Phonemic transcription /kæt/ /pɪˈdʒɑː.məz/ /kɑːst/ /ˈfɪʃ.ən/ /kɒd/ /θruː/ /kɪl/ /ˈkæt.əl/ /ʃʌt/ /kwaɪt/ /flɔːr/ /ðeər/ /kɑːm/ /hɪər/ /ɡæŋ/ Phonetic transcription [kæt] [pɪˈdʒɑː.məz] [kɑːst] [ˈfɪʃ.ən] [kɒd] [θruː] [kɪl] [ˈkæt.əl] [ʃʌt] [kwaɪt] [flɔːr] [ðeər] [kɑːm] [hɪər] [ɡæŋ] Airstream Mechanism Fill in the blanks in the following passage with the words provided (some words may be used more than once): voiced clicks ejectives velaric voiceless glottalic pulmonic plosives implosives There are three principle airstream mechanisms: the pulmonic airstream mechanism, the velaric airstream mechanism, and the glottalic airstream mechanism In normal utterances in all the languages of the world, the airstream is always flowing outward if the pulmonic ejective airstream mechanism is involved Stops made with this mechanism are called plosives The only mechanism that is used in some languages to produce some sounds with inward going air and some sounds with outward going air is the glottalic airstream mechanism Stops made with this mechanism acting ingressively are called implosives Stops made with this mechanism acting egressively are called ejectives The mechanism that is used in language to produce sounds only with inward going air is the velaric airstream mechanism Stops made with this mechanism are called clicks Stops may vary in their voice onset time In this respect, [b,d,g] are voiced stops, [p,t,k] are voiceless stops PART Underline the correct answer 1/Which of the following is the least common type of airstream mechanism used in human speech production? a) Pulmonic b) Egressive c) Ingressive d) Glottalic 2/Which airstream mechanism is used to produce ejective consonants? a) Pulmonic b) Glottalic c) Velaric d) Both b) and c) 3/Which airstream mechanism is used to produce click consonants? a) Pulmonic b) Glottalic c) Velaric d) Both b) and c) 4/Which of the following is a language that uses ejective consonants? a) French b) English c) Hausa d) Spanish 5/Which of the following is NOT an example of a sound produced by a pulmonic airstream mechanism? a) /k/ in "kite" b) /p/ in "pat" c) /h/ in "hat" d) /f/ in "flee" 6/What is the most common type of airstream mechanism used in human speech production? a) Glottalic airstream mechanism b) Velaric airstream mechanism c) Pulmonic airstream mechanism d) None of the above 7/Which of the following types of airstream mechanism is used to produce ejective consonants? a) Glottalic airstream mechanism b) Velaric airstream mechanism c) Pulmonic airstream mechanism d) All of the above 8/Which type of airstream mechanism is used to produce click consonants in some languages? a) Glottalic airstream mechanism b) Velaric airstream mechanism c) Pulmonic airstream mechanism d) None of the above 9/In which language are click consonants used as contrastive sounds? a) English b) Spanish c) Xhosa d) French 10/Which of the following languages uses the velaric airstream mechanism to produce speech sounds? a) English b) Zulu c) Amharic d) Mandarin 11/Which of the following is the most common type of airstream mechanism used in human speech production? a) Velaric airstream mechanism b) Glottalic airstream mechanism c) Pulmonic airstream mechanism d) None of the above 12/Which of the following languages uses ejective consonants produced by a glottalic airstream mechanism? a) Spanish b) Hausa c) French d) Mandarin 13/Which of the following types of speech sounds is produced by a velaric airstream mechanism? a) Vowels b) Consonants c) Nasalized vowels d) None of the above 14/Which of the following is true about the glottalic airstream mechanism? a) It involves the back of the tongue as the power source for generating airflow b) It is used to produce all vowels in English c) It is the most versatile of the three airstream mechanisms d) It is used to produce ejective consonants 15/Which of the following types of speech sounds is not produced by a pulmonic airstream mechanism? a) Vowels b) Fricatives c) Stops d) All of the above are produced by a pulmonic airstream mechanism 16/Which of the following is not a speech organ? a) Nose b) Larynx c) Liver d) Lips 17/Which of the following is responsible for generating the airflow in human speech production? a) Lungs b) Heart c) Liver d) Stomach 18/Which of the following is responsible for the resonance of the sound in human speech production? a) Nose b) Larynx c) Teeth d) Esophagus 19/Which of the following is not a type of articulator in human speech production? a) Lips b) Teeth c) Esophagus d) Tongue 20/Which of the following is the primary function of the larynx in human speech production? a) Producing the airflow b) Articulating the sounds c) Generating the resonance d) Controlling the pitch and volume of the voice 21/Which of the following is not a part of the vocal tract? a) Larynx b) Pharynx c) Esophagus d) Oral cavity 22/Which of the following is responsible for producing voice in speech? a) Tongue b) Larynx c) Teeth d) Nasal cavity 23/Which of the following is the primary articulator for producing the English "th" sounds? a) Lips b) Teeth c) Tongue d) Palate 24/Which of the following speech organs is used to produce the English "m" sound? a) Lips b) Teeth c) Palate d) Tongue 25/Which of the following speech organs is responsible for producing the English "f" sound? a) Teeth b) Lips c) Tongue d) Palate 26/Which of the following speech organs is used to produce the English "s" sound? a) Lips b) Teeth c) Palate d) Tongue 27/Which of the following speech organs is used to produce the English "v" sound? a) Palate b) Teeth c) Lips d) Tongue