Phonetic and phonology VARIATION

English on phonetics and phonology variation Assimilation ( đồng hoá âm) linking( nối âm) elision( nuốt âm) In what case we use these types cách đồng hoá âm, nối âm và nuốt âm khi nói tiếng anh.

PHONETIC AND PHONOLOGY VARIATION VARIATION I Linking Linking happens when we link words together, usually for ease of pronunciation Example: Thousands of people He eats and drinks /z əv/ /s ən/ Learners of English must be made aware of the problems that they will meet in listening to colloquial,connected speech _ If a word ends with a consonant followed by another word beginning with a vowel, the consonant is linked Example : Give him a book // gi v im ə buk // When a suffix beginning with a vowel is added to a word ending with r/re in the spelling, / r / must be pronounced Example.: near /niə/ + er = nearer / niərə / more / mƆ: / + over = moreover / mƆ:rəuvə / If a word ending with r/re in the spelling followed by another word beginning with a vowel, / r / is pronounced Example: for a week // fə rə wi:k // here and there // hiər ən ðeə // Native English speakers usually insert / r / after / a:, ə; Ɔ: / for ease of pronunciation Example: The idea of it / aidiər əv it / PHONETIC AND PHONOLOGY VARIATION Raw eggs / rƆ: regz / Ma and pa / ma: r ən pa: / II Elision Elision is typical of rapid casual speech Foreign learners not need to learn to produce elisions, but the perception of elision is important Elision is the complete disappearance of a sound / h / may be elided from he, his, her,have, has, had when these words are unstressed and not begin a sentenced Example: Where does he live? / weə də z (h)i: liv / /t, d/ may be elided if they occur in the middle of a sequence of three consonant sounds Example.: first time / fə:s(t) taim / blindman / blain(d)mæn/ / ə / is frequently elided within words if the resulting sequence of cosonants is an acceptable English cluster Example: / t(ə)r / 🡪 / tr / history /'hist(ə)ri/ / s(ə)p / 🡪 / sp / surprised /s(ə)'praizd/ When plosives occur in clusters with other plosives, the first plosive is elided /p, t, k, b, d, g/ Example.: ca(p)tain foo(t)ball blac(k)board ba(g)pipe PHONETIC AND PHONOLOGY VARIATION III Assimilation Assimilation is the influence of one phoneme upon another neighbouring phoneme, so that they become more alike Assimilation is more likely to be found in rapid, casual speech and less likely in slow, careful speech Assimilation affects consonants only / t, d, n/ are likely to be replaced by /p, b, m/ before bilabial /p, b, m/ and to /k, g, ŋ/ before velar /k, g/ / t / +/p, b, m/ => / p / / d / + /p, b, m/ => / b / / n / + /p, b, m/ => / m / / t / +/k, g/ => / k / / d / + /k, g/ => / g / / n / + /k, g/ => / ŋ / Word medial /s/ + /j/ = / ʃ / /z/ + /j/ = / ʒ / Example : issue / 'isju:/ 🡪 / 'iʃu: / azure / 'æzjə / 🡪 / 'æʒə / Word medial /t/ + /j/ = / tʃ / /d/ + /j/ = / dʒ / Example: student / 'stju:dnt / / 'stʃu:dnt / educate / 'edju:keit / / 'edʒu:keit / / s / + / ʃ / => / ʃ / PHONETIC AND PHONOLOGY VARIATION / z / +/ ʃ / => / ʒ / .. .PHONETIC AND PHONOLOGY VARIATION Raw eggs / rƆ: regz / Ma and pa / ma: r ən pa: / II Elision Elision is typical of rapid casual... plosive is elided /p, t, k, b, d, g/ Example.: ca(p)tain foo(t)ball blac(k)board ba(g)pipe PHONETIC AND PHONOLOGY VARIATION III Assimilation Assimilation is the influence of one phoneme upon another... 'stju:dnt / / 'stʃu:dnt / educate / 'edju:keit / / 'edʒu:keit / / s / + / ʃ / => / ʃ / PHONETIC AND PHONOLOGY VARIATION / z / +/ ʃ / => / ʒ /