Vững vàng nền tảng, Khai sáng tương lai DẤU HIỆU NHẬN BIẾT 12 THÌ CƠ BẢN TRONG TIẾNG ANH 1 Dấu hiệu nhận biết 1 1 Thì hiện tại đơn (The Present tense) a) Thì hiện tại đơn được sử dụng để diễn tả hành[.]
Vững vàng tảng, Khai sáng tương lai DẤU HIỆU NHẬN BIẾT 12 THÌ CƠ BẢN TRONG TIẾNG ANH Dấu hiệu nhận biết 1.1 Thì đơn (The Present tense) a) Thì hiện đơn được sử dụng để diễn tả hành động lặp lặp lại diễn tả thói quen Cách dùng thường với trạng từ tần xuất như: - always, usually, often, sometime, selldom, rarely, never - every morning, every day, every month/year - once/ twice/three times, a/per day, a week b) Ngồi THTĐ dùng để nói tương lai (khi nói thời gian biểu chương trình ấn định) Ở cách dùng ta dùng số trạng từ thời gian tương lai Ví dụ: Tomorrow is Friday, the train leaves the station from Ha Noi to Viet Tri at 3p.m to 1.2 Thì tiếp diễn (The Present Continous tense) a, Dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy thời điểm nói Với cách dùng ta có trạng từ để nhận biết như: now Ngồi cách use cịn với động từ mệnh lệnh như: Look!, listen!, Be quiet!, Becareful!, Don't make noise!, Keep silent! b, THTTD dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy xung quanh thời điểm nói Với cách dùng có trạng từ để nhận biết như: at the moment, at the present, to day, Chú ý: 1) THTTD cịn có cách dùng để diễn tả dự định tương lai eg: I am having a test to morrow 2) THTTD dùng để diễn tả phàn nàn việc liên tục xảy quanh thời điểm nói Cách dùng dùng với always eg: Nam is always going to school late - They are talking in class 3) THTTD kèm với tình khác nhau; eg1: A: Where 's Mai? B: She is in her room eg2: It's o'clock in the morning I am staying at home eg3: It's lovely day The sun is shining and the birds are singing 1.3 Thì hồn thành (The Present perfect tense) Present perfect (1) A Xét ví dụ sau: Tom is looking for his key He can’t find it (Tom tìm chìa khóa Anh khơng tìm thấy nó.) He has lost his key (Anh làm chìa khóa anh ấy) “He has lost his key” = Anh làm chìa khóa đến chưa tìm Trang | Vững vàng tảng, Khai sáng tương lai Have/ has lost Present perfect simple Thì Present perfect simple = Have/has + past participle (quá khứ phân từ) thường tận ed (finished/dicided…) nhiều động từ quan trọng lại bất qui tắc - irregular (lost/done/been/written…) B Khi dùng present perfect ln ln có liên hệ tới Hành động xảy khứ kết lại tại: “Where’s your key?” “I don’t know I’ve lost it.” (I haven’t got it now) He told me his name but I’ve forgotten it (I can’t remember it now) “Is Sally here?” “No, she’s gone out.” (she is out now) Chúng ta thường dùng present perfect để đưa thông tin hay công bố việc vừa xảy ra: Ow! I’ve cut my finger The road is closed There’s been (=but has been) an accident (from the news) The police have arrested two men in connection with the robbery (Cảnh sát vừa bắt hai người liên quan đến vụ cướp.) C) Bạn dùng present perfect simple với just, already yet: Just = “a short time ago” (vừa xảy trước đó): “Would you like something to eat?” “No, thanks I’ve just had lunch.” Hello Have you just arrived? (Xin chào Anh vừa đến phải không ) Chúng ta dùng already để nói việc xảy sớm dự đoán “Don’t forget to post the letter, will you?” “I’ve already posted it.” “Đừng quên gửi thư nhé, bạn gửi chứ?” “Tôi vừa gửi thư rồi” “What time is Mark leaving?” “He’s already gone.” Yet = “until now - bây giờ” diễn tả người nói mong chờ việc xảy Chỉ dùng yet câu nghi vấn phủ định Has it stopped raining yet? I’ve written the letter but I haven’t posted it yet Tôi viết xong thư chưa kịp gửi D) Chú ý khác gone to been to: Jim is on holiday He has gone to Spain (= he is there now or on his way there) Jim nghỉ Anh Tây Ban Nha (= Anh hay Jane is back home from holiday now She has been to Italy (= she has now comeback from Italy) (Jane nghỉ Cô = Cô từ Present perfect (2) A Hãy xem mẫu đối thoại đây: Dave: Have you travelled a lot, Jane? (Bạn có du lịch nhiều khơng, Jane?) Jane: Yes, I’ve been to a lot of a places Trang | Vững vàng tảng, Khai sáng tương lai Dave: Really? Have you ever been to China? (Thật ư? Thế bạn đến Trung Quốc chưa?) Jane: Yes, I’ve been to China twice Dave: What about India? Jane: No, I’ve been to India Khi đề cập tới khoảng thời gian liên tục từ khứ đến tại, dùng present perfect (have been/ have travelled …) Ở Dave Jane nói nơi mà Jane đến đời cô (là khoảng thời gian kéo dài đến tại) Have you ever eaten caviar? (in your life) - (Bạn có ăn trứng cá muối chưa?) We’ve never had a car (Chúng tơi chưa có xe hơi.) “Have you read Hamlet?” “No, I haven’t read any of Shakespeare’s plays.” “Bạn đọc Hamlet chưa?” “Chưa, chưa đọc tác phẩm Shakespear cả.” Susan really loves that film She’s seen it eight times! (Susan thật thích phim Cơ xem phim tám lần!) What a boring film! It’s the most boring film I’ve ever seen (Cuốn phim chán làm sao! Đó phim dở mà tơi xem.) Trong ví dụ sau người diễn đạt nói khoảng thời gian mà liên tục đến (recently / in the last few days / so far / since breakfast v.v …): Have you heard from George recently? (Gần bạn có tin George khơng?) I’ve met a lot of people in the last few days (Tôi gặp nhiều người ngày gần Everything is going well We haven’t had any problems so far (Mọi chuyện tốt đẹp Lâu không gặp phiền phức ) I’m hungry I haven’t eaten anything since breakfast (= from breakfast until now) (Mình đói Từ sáng tới chưa ăn cả.) It’s nice to see you again We haven’t seen each other for a long time (Thật vui gặp lại bạn Rất lâu không gặp nhau.) B Chúng ta dùng present perfect với today/ this morning/ this evening… khoảng thời gian chưa kết thúc vào thời điểm nói: I’ve drunk four cups of coffee today (perhaps I’ll drink more before today finished) Hôm tơi uống bốn ly cà phê (có thể tơi cịn uống thêm trước hết ngày hơm Have you had a holiday this year (yet)? ( Năm bạn nghỉ phép chưa?) I haven’t seen Tom this morning Have you? (Sáng không gặp Tom Bạn có gặp khơng) Ron hasn’t worked very hard this term.( Ron học không chăm học kỳ này.) C Chú ý phải dùng present perfect nói “It’s the first time somthing has happened” (Đó lần việc xảy ra) Ví dụ như: Don is having a driving lesson He is very nervous and unsure because it is the first lesson (Don có học lái xe Anh hồi hộp lo lắng học đầu tiên.) It’s the first time he has driven a car.(not “drive”) (Đây lần anh lái xe) He has never driven a car before (Trước anh chưa lái xe.) 1.4 Thì hồn thành tiếp diễn (The Present perfect continuous) A. Xem ví dụ sau: Is it raining? Trang | Vững vàng tảng, Khai sáng tương lai No, but the ground is wet It has been raining (Trời vừa mưa xong.) Have/has been -ing present perfect continuous I/we/they/you have (=I’ve etc.) been doing I/we/they/you have (=I’ve etc.) been waiting I/we/they/you have (=I’ve etc.) been playing etc he/she/it has (=he’s ect.) been doing he/she/it has (=he’s ect.) been waiting he/she/it has (=he’s ect.) been playing etc Ta dùng present perfect continuous nói hành động kết thúc gần hay vừa kết thúc kết có liên hệ hay ảnh hưởng tới tại: You’re out to breath Have you been running? (you are out of breath now) Bạn trông mệt đứt Bạn vừa chạy phải không? (hiện anh đứt hơi) Paul is very tired He’s been working very hard (he’s tired now) Paul mệt Anh vừa làm việc căng (bây anh mệt) Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing? (Sao quần áo bạn bẩn Bạn vừa làm vậy?) I’ve been talking to Carol about the problem and she thinks that … (Mình vừa đề cập đến vấn đề Carol cô nghĩ …) B. It has been raining for two hours Xét ví dụ sau: It is raining now It began raining two hours ago and it is still raining (Trời mưa Trời mưa hai mưa.) How long has it been raining? It has been raining for two hours (Trời mưa hai tiếng đồng hồ.) Chúng ta dùng present perfect contiuous cho trường hợp này, đặc biệt dùng với how long, for … since… Hành động xảy (như ví dụ trên) hay vừa chấm dứt How long have you been learning English? (you’re still learning English) (Bạn học tiếng Anh rồi? (bạn học tiếng Anh) Tim is watching television He has been watching television for two hours (Tim xem TV Anh xem TV hai rồi.) Where have you been? I have been looking for you for the last half hour (Anh đâu vậy? Tôi tìm anh nửa tiếng đồng hồ rồi.) George hasn’t been feeling well recently (George vừa cảm thấy khỏe gần đây.) Chúng ta dùng present perfect continuous để hành động lặp lặp lại khoảng thời gian: Debbie is a very good player tennis She’s been playing since she was eight (Debbie vận động viên quần vợt giỏi Cô chơi quần vợt từ lên tám.) Trang | Vững vàng tảng, Khai sáng tương lai Every morning they meet in the same cafô They’ve been going there for years Mỗi sáng họ lại gặp quán cà phê Họ đến quán nhiều năm Don’t disturb me now I am working (Đừng quấy rầy Tôi làm việc.) I’ve been working hard, so now I’m going to have a rest (Tôi làm việc nhiều nên nghỉ.) We need an umbrella It’s raining (Chúng cần dù Trời mưa.) The ground is wet It’s been raining (Mặt đất ướt Trời mưa.) Hurry up ! We’re waiting We’ve been waiting for an hour 1.5 Thì khứ đơn (The simple past tense) Đối với thì thường kèm với cụm trạng từ trạng ngữ thời gian như: yesterday, last , ago, two day / year/ +ago, number +year(s) + ago năm cụ thể in 1996/1678/2008 Dùng thể mong ước tại: wish + mệnh đề dạng khứ Dùng câu điều kiện loại II: If + MĐ khứ, would +V Dùng với công thức Would you mind if I + MĐ khứ Would rather + MĐ khứ 1.6 Quá khứ tiếp diễn (The Past progressive) Thường diễn tả hành động xảy thời điểm định khứ thường với: at + 8a.m/3p.m/5a.m + yesterday/ last at this/that time + yesterday/last Dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy thời điểm giới hạn thời gian khứ, thường với: between and last /yesterday from to ( from Monday to saturday) All (all yesterday, all lastweek ) The whole of (the whole of yesterday) Ví dụ: From 7.pm to 9p.m I was waching TV Dùng với when (diễn tả hành động xảy khứ hành động khác xảy đến) Note: hành động xảy đén dùng QKĐ eg: When I came home, my parent was having a dinner Diễn tả hay nhiều hành động xảy song song khứ thường với while /as Ví dụ: My father was reading news paper while my mother was cooking dinner 1.7 Thì khứ hoàn thành (The Past Perfect) Dùng để diễn tả mọt hành động hoàn tất thời điểm khứ trước hành động khác khứ - Cách dùng thường kết hợp với liên từ (after, before, when, until, as soon as, by) Ví dụ: By 10 p.m yesterday I had finished my home work She went to England after she had studied English Chú ý: Hai hành động xảy khứ, hành động xảy trước dùng khứ hoàn thành, hành động xảy sau dùng QKĐ Trang | Vững vàng tảng, Khai sáng tương lai Dùng với giới từ "for" (diễn tả hành động xảy chưa hồn tất q khứ hành dộng khác xảy đến) Ví dụ: By August last year he had worked in that factory for ten year 1.8 Thì khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn (The Past Perfect Continous) Diễn tả hành động kéo dài khứ dến có hành đọng thứ hai xảy Đi với "for" + time , before Ví dụ: When I left last job, I had been working there for four years Before I came, they have been talking with each other Khi sử dụng có when ta phải thận trọng dịch câu văn hay dựa vào mệnh đề sau xác định 1.9 Thì Tương Lai Đơn (The Simple Future tense) TTLĐ dùng hành động việc xảy tương lại Cách dùng thường với trạng từ thời gian như: tomorrow, next day/week/ year/ century TTLĐ cịn dùng dể đưa dự đốn việc tương lai với động từ (dấu hiệu nhận biết) - think, besure, believe, expect, wonder, suppse Ví dụ: A: She is working very hard B: I think she will pass the exam easily - you must meet Lan I'm sure you will like her Thì tương lai đơn cịn sử dụng câu điều kiện loại với HHĐ Ví dụ: If the weather is fine, we will go for a picnic Chú ý: trường hợp để nhận câu phải dựa vào vế trước vế sau câu để xác định câu điều kiện loại Và câu loại thường vế sau chia HTĐ, vế cịn lại chia TLĐ 1.10 Thì tương lai hay cịn lại "tương lai gần" (The Future tense) Thì TLG sử dụng để diễn tả hành động xảy tương lai mà định từ trước, có kế hoạch từ trước Ví dụ: She's bought a planticket Sheis going to fly to London Với cách dùng đấu hiệu nhận biết mà ta phải dựa vào câu trước mang ý nghĩa nào, khơng ta dùng TLĐ Chú ý: Việc phân biệt TLĐ, HTTD, TLG đơi khó khăn ba mang nghĩa tương lai mang trạng từ t/g tương lai ta nói +) Nhưng lưu ý TLĐ dùng hành động tương lai khơng định hay có kế hoạch từ trước mà định lúc Ví dụ: A: Would you like to have a drink? B: I willl have mineral water +) Còn TLĐ hành động xảy tương lai định từ trước Hoặc cịn sử dụng để diễn tả hành động xảy tương mà tượng xuất Ví dụ: There are black clounds in the sky Its going to rain +) Với HTTD ta dùng nói việc bố trí, thu xếp làm (diễn tả việc xảy tương lai gần) Trang | Vững vàng tảng, Khai sáng tương lai Ví dụ: I'm visiting my grand mother tomorrow 1.11 Thì Tương lai tiếp diễn (The Future Continous) Đối với thì để phân biệt bạn phải dựa vào cách sử dụng phải dịch câu văn Tuy nhiên bạn lưu ý số điểm sau: Thì TLTD thường với thời gian cụ thể tương lai Ví dụ: At 10p.m tomorrow, I will be learning math information technology Thì TLTD cịn dùng để diễn tả hành động hay việc xảy kéo dài khoảng thời gian tương lai (thường với trạng từ all morning/day/ moth ) Ví dụ: I will be staying at home all morning 1.12 Thì tương lai hồn thành (The Future Perfect) Đối với có cách dùng Thì TLHT dùng để diễn tả hành động hoàn tất trước thời điểm tương lai - Cách dùng thường với giới từ by + mốc thời gian (by 5p.m/by October/ by at the end of November / by the time ) Ví dụ: I will have finished tí exercire by 5.pm 2.Thì tương lai hồn thành diễn tả hành động hoàn tất trước hành động khác tương lai - Cách dùng thường với (when, before, after, as soon as ) đòi hỏi ta phải dịch nghĩa để nhận diện hành động xảy tương lai Ví dụ: I will have cooked dinner before my mother comes back home Bài tập 2.1 Exercise 1: Use the correct form of verbs in brackets In all the world, there (be) only 14 mountains that (reach) above 8,000 meters He sometimes (come) to see his parents When I (come) , she (leave) for Dalat ten minutes ago My grandfather never (fly) in an airplane, and he has no intention of ever doing so We just (decide) that we (undertake) the job He told me that he (take) a trip to California the following week I knew that this road (be) too narrow Right now I (attend) class Yesterday at this time I (attend) class Tomorrow I'm going to leave for home When I (arrive) at the airport, Mary (wait) for me 10 Margaret was born in 1950 By last year, she (live) on this earth for 55 years 11 The traffic was very heavy By the time I (get) to Mary's party, everyone already (arrive) 12 I will graduate in June I (see) you in July By the time I (see) you , I (graduate) Trang | Vững vàng tảng, Khai sáng tương lai 13 I (visit) my uncle's home regularly when I (be) a child 14 That book (be) on the table for weeks You (not read) it yet ? 15 David (wash) his hands He just (repair) the TV set 16 You (be) here before? Yes, I (spend) my holidays here last year 17 We never (meet) him We don't know what he (look) like 18 The car (be) ready for him by the time he (come) tomorrow 19 On arriving at home I (find) that she just (leave) a few minutes before 20 When we (arrive) in London tonight, it probably (rain) 21 It (rain) hard We can't anything until it (stop) 22 Last night we (watch) TV when the power (fail) 23 That evening we (stay) up to talk about the town where he (live) for some years 24 I (sit) down for a rest while the shoes (repair) 25 Half way to the office Paul (turn) round and (go) back home because he (forget) to turn the gas off 26 London (change) a lot since we first (come) to live here 27 While we (talk) on the phone the children (start) fighting and (break) a window 28 He used to talk to us for hours about all the interesting things he (do) in his life 29 You know she (stand) looking at that picture for the last twenty minutes 30 I (spend) a lot of time travelling since I (get) this new job 31 When we (be) at school we all (study) Latin 32 When I (meet) him , he (work) as a waiter for a year 33 After he (finish) breakfast he (sit) down to write some letters 34 She (have) a hard life, but she's always smiling 35 I think Jim (be) out of town 2.2 Exercise 2: Choose the best answer among A, B, C, or D When I last saw him, he _ in London A has lived B is living C was living D has been living We _ Dorothy since last Saturday A don’t see B haven’t seen C didn’t see Trang | Vững vàng tảng, Khai sáng tương lai D hadn’t seen The train half an hour ago A has been leaving B left C has left D had left Jack the door A has just painted B paint C will have painted D painting My sister for you since yesterday A is looking B was looking C has been looking D looked I Texas State University now A am attending B attend C was attending D attended He has been selling motorbikes A ten years ago B since ten years C for ten years ago D for ten years Christopher Columbus _ American more than 500 years ago A discovered B has discovered C had discovered D had been discovering He fell down when he towards the church A run B runs C was running D had run Trang | Vững vàng tảng, Khai sáng tương lai 10 We _ there when our father died A still lived B lived still C was still lived D was still living 11 They table tennis when their father comes back home A will play B will be playing C play D would play 12 By Christmas, I _ for Mr Smith for six years A will have been working B will work C have been working D will be working 13 I _ in the room right now A am being B was being C have been being D am 14 I to New York three times this year A have been B was C were D had been 15 I’ll come and see you before I _ for the States A leave B will leave C have left D shall leave 16 The little girl asked what _ to her friend A has happened B happened C had happened D would have been happened 17 John a book when I saw him Trang | 10 Vững vàng tảng, Khai sáng tương lai A is reading B read C was reading D reading 18 He said he _ return later A will B would C can D would be 19 Jack the door A has just opened B open C have opened D opening 20 I have been waiting for you A since early morning B since a.m C for two hours D All are correct 21 Almost everyone _ for home by the time we arrived A leave B left C leaves D had left 22 By the age of 25, he two famous novels A wrote B writes C has written D had written 23 When her husband was in the army, Mary to him twice a week A was reading B wrote C was written D had written 24 I couldn’t cut the grass because the lawn mower a few days previously A broke down Trang | 11 Vững vàng tảng, Khai sáng tương lai B has been broken C had broken down D breaks down 25 I have never played badminton before This is the first time I _ to play A try B tried C have tried D am trying 26 Since _, I have heard nothing from him A he had left B he left C he has left D he was left 27 After I _ lunch, I looked for my bag A had B had had C have has D have had 28 By the end of next year, George _ English for two years A will have learned B will learn C has learned D would learn 29 The man got out of the car, round to the back and opened the book A walking B walked C walks D walk 30 Henry _ into the restaurant when the writer was having dinner A was going B went C has gone D did go 31 He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he dinner A finish B finishes Trang | 12 Vững vàng tảng, Khai sáng tương lai C will finish D finishing 32 I will be glad if he _ with us A had gone B did go C went D goes 33 Ask her to come and see me when she _ her work A finish B has finished C finished D finishing 34 Turn off the gas Don’t you see that the kettle ? A boil B boils C is boiling D boiled 35 Tom and Mary for Vietnam tomorrow A leave B are leaving C leaving D are left 36 He always for a walk in the evening A go B is going C goes D going 37 Her brother in Canada at present A working B works C is working D work 38 I to the same barber since last year A am going B have been going C go Trang | 13 Vững vàng tảng, Khai sáng tương lai D had gone 39 Her father when she was a small girl A dies B died C has died D had died 40 Last week, my professor promised that he today A would come B will come C comes D coming 2.3 Exercise 3: Choose the underlined part in each sentence (A, B,C, or D ) that needs correcting After Mrs Wang had returned (A)to her house (B)from work (C), she was cooking (D) dinner Jimmy threw (A)the ball high (B)in the air, and Betty catching (C) it when (D) it came down Linda has worn (A)her new yellow (B)dress only once (C) since she buys (D) it Last week Mark told (A)me that he go (B)tvery bored with his present job and is looking (C) for a new on (D)e 5. Having (A)fed the dog, he was sat (B)down to (C) his own (D) meal When I turned on my computer, I was shocked (A)to find (B)some junk mail, and (C) I delete (D) it all They are going to have to (A)leave soon (B)and so (C) we (D) The boss laughed when the secretary has told (A)him that she really (B)needed (C) a pay (D) rise The telephone rang several times (A)and then (B)stop (C) before I could (D) answer it 10 Debbie, whose father (A)is an excellent tennis player(B), has been (C) playing tennis since (D)ten years 11 I have seen (A)lots(B)of interesting (C) places when I went (D) on holiday last summer 12 When my cat heard (A)a noise in the bushes, she stopped moving (B)and listen (C) intently (D) 13 I think (A)it’s time you change (B)your way of (C) living (D) 14, Roger felt the outside (A)of his pocket to make (B) sure his (C)wallet is still (D) there 15 When I’m shopping (A)in the supermarket, I ran into (B)an old friend who I hadn’t met (C) for (D) five years 16 The police (A) arrested the man while (B)he is having (C)dinner in (D) a restaurant 17 Peter and Wendy first(A)met in 2006 (B), and they are (C) married for three years now (D) 18 Some (A)people are believing (B) there is life on (C)other (D) planets 19 Recently, the island of Hawaii (A) had been (B)the subject of intensive research (C)on the occurrence (D) of earthquakes Trang | 14 Vững vàng tảng, Khai sáng tương lai 20 Every morning, the sun shines (A)in my bedroom window (B)and waking (C) me up (D) 21 The man died as (A)a result of falling (B)asleep (C) while he drives (D) 22 I haven’t finished (A)the report yet (B),but by the time you return (C)I will certainly complete (D) it 23 Caroline has worn (A)her new yellow (B)dress only once (C) since she buys (D) it 24. We’ll be cycled (A)to Hoa’s village (B)at (C) this time next (D) Sunday 25 What will (A)you do (B)when (C) your friends won’t come (D) ? 26 Someone was knocking (A)at the door (B)when I was doing (C) the washing up (D) 27 My friend didn’t drink (A)any (B)beer since we came (C) to live here (D) 28 We have written (A)to each other (B)when (C) we were (D)in primary school 29. After (A) breakfast, I‘m gone (B)to walk to (C)school with (D) my friends 30. Did (A)he go to (B)the pop concert next weekend (C) for a change (D)? 2.4 Exercise 4: Choose the correct sentence among A, B, C or D which has the same meaning as the given one Eight years ago we started writing to each other A We have rarely written to each other for eight years B Eight years is a long time for us to write to each other C We wrote to each other eight years ago D We have been writing to each other for eight years The boy was so lazy that he couldn't stay up late to learn his lessons A The boy was lazy enough not to stay up late to learn his lessons B The boy was too lazy to stay up late to learn his lessons C The boy was lazy enough but he stayed up late to learn his lessons D The boy was lazy enough to stay up late to learn his lessons My father is tired of seeing any violent films A My father hasn't seen a violent film B My father has enjoyed all the violent films he has ever seen C My father is worried about missing the next violent film D My father never wants to see another violent film As soon as he waved his hand, she turned away A He saw her turn away and he waved his hand B No sooner had he waved his hand than she turned away C She turned away because he waved his hand too early D Although she turned away, he waved his hand John wishes he had remembered to send Mary a Christmas card A John regrets not to send Mary a Christmas card B John regrets forgetting not to send Mary a Christmas card Trang | 15 Vững vàng tảng, Khai sáng tương lai C John regrets not remembering sending Mary a Christmas card D John regrets forgetting to send Mary a Christmas card My father hasn't smoked cigarettes for a month A It's a month since my father last smoked cigarettes B It's a month ago that my father smoked cigarettes C It's a month that my father hasn't smoked cigarettes D It's a cigarette that my father smoked a month ago Having finished their work, the workers expected to be paid A The workers expected to be paid because they had finished their work B Having their work finishing, the workers expected to be paid C Having expected to be paid, the workers finished their work D Having been finished their work, the workers expected to be paid Mr Brown bought this car five years ago A Mr Brown started to buy this car for five years B It has been five years when Mr Brown has bought this car C Mr Brown has had this car for five years D It is five years ago since Mr Brown has bought this car John used to write home once a week when he was abroad A John doesn't write home once a week any longer B John enjoyed being written home every week when he was abroad C John never forgot to write a weekly letter home when he was abroad D When he was abroad he remembered to write home every week 10 I haven't enjoyed myself so much for years A It's years since I enjoyed myself so much B It's years since I have enjoyed myself so much C It was years since I had enjoyed myself so much D It has been years since I have enjoyed myself so much 2.5 Exercise 5: Give the correct form of the word in brackets He went to his house, lied down on the bed, and (sleep) ……………… right away I (buy) ……………… the ticket yesterday I am (go) ……………… Dalat tomorrow Tim (attend) ……………… the meeting at school at the moment He (have not) ……………… English for years Our class (start) ……………… at 9am I always (brush) ……………… my teeth before I go to bed I (study) ……………… English since I was 21 He was listening to music when his boss (come) ……………… yesterday Trang | 16 Vững vàng tảng, Khai sáng tương lai I (have do) ……………… all the homework all afternoon 10 I (be) ……………… a student 11 She (wait) ……………… you for all day 12 He wasn’t working when his boss (call) ……………… him yesterday 13 She (be) ……………… at her boyfriend’s house yesterday morning 14 I (talk) ……………… to my father at the moment 15 We (be) ……………… in Nhatrang on their summer holiday last year 16 The sun (rise) ……………… in the east 17 He (meet) ……………… his old friend near his house yesterday 18 The World Cup (take place) ……………… every four years 19 They (play) ……………… in the garden at pm yesterday 20 She was watching a picture while her mother (cook) ……………… soup 21 They (play) ……………… now 22 Anne was riding her bike to school when Peter (see) ……………… her yesterday 2.6 Exercise 6: Tìm lỗi sai sửa lại câu sau 1. They took my pencils, ripped my books and then laugh at me Susie goes out hours ago and hasn’t come back, I’m worried Honey, have you seen my white shirt anywhere? Our daughter need it for a school project How did I met your mother? Well, we were both running late for work that day and then we was bumped into each other Stop! You being hurting yourself! By the time I came, she is no where to be seen This song is so good that I have been listening to it since hours 2.7 Exercise 7: Chọn đáp án cho câu She always _ up at o’clock in the morning A got B gotten C get D gets Look! The singer is and _ on the stage now A singing/dancing B sing/dance C sung/danced D sings/dances Yesterday, when he the street, he a stray cat A crosses/sees B is crossing/sees Trang | 17 Vững vàng tảng, Khai sáng tương lai C was crossing/saw D was crossing/was seeing Hello! I hope you for too long here A have been waiting B have not been waiting C waited D not wait We tolerate this kind of rule violation in the future A will B would C did not D will not My mom _ on giving me this umbrella, because it _ A insists/rains B insisted/rained C insists/is going to rain D insisted/rains If you me mad, we out last night A didn’t make/went B hadn’t made/would have gone C hadn’t make/would have gone D didn’t made/went Đáp án 3.1 Exercise 1: are - reach; comes; came - had left; has never flown; have just decided -would undertake; would take; was ; am attending - was attending; arrive -will be waiting 10 had lived; 11 got- had already arrived; 12 will see - see - will have graduated; Trang | 18 Vững vàng tảng, Khai sáng tương lai 13 visited -was; 14 has been - haven’t you read; 15 is washing - has just repaired; 16 Have you been - spent; 17 have never met - looks; 18 will have been- comes; 19 found – had just left 20 arrive – will probably be raining; 21 is raining - stops; 22 were watching - failed ; 23 stayed – had lived; 24 sat – were being repaired; 25 turned – went – had forgotten; 26 has changed - came; 27 were talking – started - broke; 28 had done 29 has been standing; 30 have spent - got; 31 were - studied; 32 met – had been working; 33 had finished - sat; 34 has; 35 has been; 3.2 Exercise 2: C B B A C A D A C 10 A 11 B 12 A 13 D 14 A 15 A 16 C 17 C 18 B 19 A 20 D 21 D 22 D 23 B 24 C 25 C 26 B 27 B 28 A 29 B 30 B 31 B 32 D 33 B 34 C 35 B 36 C 37 C 38 B 39 B 40 A 3.3 Exercise D was cooking -> cooked C catching -> caught D buys -> bought C is looking -> was looking B was sat -> sat Trang | 19 Vững vàng tảng, Khai sáng tương lai D delete -> deleted C so -> so are A has told -> told C stop -> stopped 10 D since -> for 11 A have seen -> saw 12 C listen -> listened 13 B change -> changed 14 D is still -> was still 15 A I’m shopping -> was shopping 16 C is having -> was having 17 C are -> have been 18 B are believing -> believe 19 B had been -> has been 20 C waking -> wakes 21 D drives -> was driving 22 D will certainly complete -> will have certainly completed 23 D buys -> bought 24 A We’ll be cycled -> We’ll be cycling 25 D won’t come -> don’t come 26 A was knocking -> knocked 27 A didn’t drink -> hasn’t drunk 28 C when -> since 29 B gone -> going 30 A Did -> Will 3.4 Exercise 4: D B; D; B; D 6.A; A; C; A; 10 A; Trang | 20