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TRUONG DAI HOC KINH T$ QUOC DAN \4 LE THl PHU HUONG QUA TRINH HINH THANH, PHAT TRIEN KINH TE TH| TRUdNG CUA CAC NUOC CONG NGH1EP MOI CHAU A VA SU VAN DUNG VIET NAM Chuyen nganh : KINH TEs CHENH TRI Ma hieu: 5.02.01 LUAN VAN THAC SI KHOA HQC KINH TE Ngudi huong dan khoa hoc : PGS.PTS Phan Thanh Pho Truong dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan HaNOi - 1995 MUC LUC mOda.U NO! DING CIRTONG I NllUNG VAN o'fi LY I.UAN V,V TIIUC THsN vfc QUA TRINH HINT! THANT! PirATTRlftN KINH if nil TRT'ONG CHA CAC NUOC NTCs CIlAu A * if i cAc quA trInii king if khAcii THI TRUING quam cua su iiInh thAnh piiAt tri^n king Qua trinh chuyAn hoa cac yGti ttf err han cua nAn san xuA't xa hdi : Rift dai -lao ddng dot tirqng cua mua-ban thgc hien tir hoa nAn kinh tA Cong nghiep hoa vA str htnh thdnh hd thtfng thi tnrdng cac yeu t dat “ gan lien vdi ctfdng btfc nghe san xuat nong nghiep dtfdc chuyen mon hoa, te co tinh chat hang hoa day du hdn Song de tat ca nhtfng "rao dat " cung da tao ddi hang hoa hien d cho : co Ho them chi rao ca dat trinh phan phoi lai dat dai sd deu dat dai, dat ngtfdi Anh giau dat dai nha thd, seta vdi - tien te phat trien nudi cutf ldn len ve qui mo, thi trtfdng noi dia vdi nen kinh Dac biet la dat dai trd doi - A> ttfdng cua mua- ban, ngtfdi lao dong bi ban cung trd ldp ngtfdi ttf ve than the, ho co the di chuyen mot each de dang den ndi can stf dung ho- Mot bien phap khac la each mang ve ruong dat lai gan lien vdi cuoc dau tranh gianh doc lap, thoat khoi chu nghia thtfc dan, nhtf d My gitfa the ky 18 - 80 - i vi mo, tu dau ma cac du an Tom lai da dang hoa quan dau tu dang dudc he sd huu kinh te thi trudng la qua trirhi tu cua Viet Nam hien cua quan he la cd sd hoa de ton tai, sd huu trien phat Trong dieu kien nen kinh te da dang va su chuyen hoa giua chung mot cach dung dan bao go'm co lien quan XHCN d Viet Nam? ho nen hudng sU mien thue , den viec thuc hien dinh huong tUng budc di cua qua tirnrh pha't trien kinh t^e Viet Nam deu phai tinh den, Tao aon bang 3gu tn trfjc ti ep nudc ngoai gan vo i nghe mn thong qua chuyen di ch co can kinh te' qua hoa, hien Hai hoa ba rut ngan 3arg ke ve chuyen gim cong trinh cong nghiep thdi gian hinh phat trien nen kinh te thi truiong d Viet nam Cac nudc NICs thuy cua tu ban chau A de tao da khong von cho lai icon dudng thch luy nguyen lap khac ho cung khong cong nghiep hoa Mat bang cacn ■ dua nhitag nggion von ldn cua nudc ngoai vao cuoi ciuig phhi chhu garb, nang nd nan cung vdi- nhung hien tUdng tieu can trd den nen kinh te - xa hoi Cac nudc han che sU dung ky ' thuat, cong yl de cung khong phai nghe hien ctfc dong cUa di dai cua nudc ngoai Ma NICs da tao von bang nhung chien lUdc khon kheo, scmg tao v&a minh hdn thdi ky trUdc, Cach thu hut dau tU cua nudc ngoai dau tu tulc tiep la quan va co hieu qua cao Td thuc tien pha't trien kinh tie thi nhu da phan tich d tren viec tao nudc ngoai la giai von ban phap cd hieu qua hien cong nghiep hoa d trudng cua cac nudc NICs cao nhat nhung nudc Tait tu trutc t:iep phai de cd bin van la dieu jn^^eu nguyen nhan kien ben dau bang cd dau tu tnic tiep cua ' cho viec tao tien de thuc nhien de viec thu hut von dau khach quan khac nang nua nhung van tiep nhan dudc hay khong Cac nudc NICs^deu cong d cho la ket hdp nhung yeu ben ngoai cung vdi nhung dieu kien ' chau A ndi tai to thdi cd dong lUc thuc i - 81 - ngoai la mot giai phap co Uu day sU phat trien Dau tu trUc tiep cua nude the tong hdp ThUc chatylo la qua trinh trinh xuat khau dien xuat khau tu ban - nhung dieu kien quoc te hoa ddi dien manh me doi hoi the gidi phai trd song kinh te dang thi trudng chung phu thuoc chu khong phai ap dat thong tri len Cho nen Cac nude NICs da sU dung ldi the so sanh tuyet ddi de la qua khong che tinh chat chau A thuc ldi cua tu ban • Vai trd dau tU true tiep nUdc ngoai ddi vdi viec tao von d Cac nude NICs rf* chau A dUdc the hien nhu sau: Von dUa vao chau A NICs thiet bi ky thuat san xuat bi khong phai la tien ma bao gom ca chi quyet kinh doanh?cong nghe tien tien nham khai thac tot nhat nhung ldi the ve tai nguyen,vi tri,lao dong - Day- la phudng thutc huy dong von tfui’c rJfttxT^nd nah lai han che,» bdt ganh nang cho NICs chau A » - Dau tu true tiep cua nude ngoai da tao luy von mot each '/Ung vang tren cd sd nguon tich luy va tai tich phat trien san xuat d nude Dong thdi tao dieu kien cho cac nUdc NICs tham gia vao lao dong quoc te - Dau tu trUc tiep cua nude ngoai vi muc dich trudng the gidi cho nen cd cau kinh te cua cac xuat khau.vi nhu cau thi z nUdc NICs cung dude thay doi va hien dai hoa cho phu hdp vdi yeu cau thi trudng the gidi Do cd kha nang dem lai hieu qua ve nhieu mat cho nen nUdc ngoai da tao tien de vat chat cd ban ve von, lao ddng cd tay nghe, dau tu trUc tiep ky thuat tien tien, cd cau kinh te thay ddi san xuat phat trien , de qua trinh hoa cong nghiep cua NICs'phat trien vdi toe cao, "rut ngan" Dang ke qua trinh tao von ban dau cho cong nghiep hoa • Nhii vay, til cho thu nhap quoc dan cua cac niidc cong nghiep m6i rat thap kha nang tich luy cho phat trien kinh te han trien cao viiot qua kha nang tich luy d che , niidc, nhu cau 3au tii phat thi viec diing von cua nudc ngoai thong qua Sau til true tiep 3e su dung co hieu qua nguon ltfc kinh te nudc giai quyet viec lam tai cho tang thu nhap cho dan cu , Day nhanh nguon tich luy cho phat trien la mot giai phap kinh te huu hieu • AZ / Qua trinh cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa theo chien Itfdc htfdng ngoai Nam dang ttf nhung btfdc di dau tien Viec giai quyet nham xuat khau d Viet a' von dtfdc thtfc hien dtfdi nhieu phtfdng thtfc dau ttf trtfc tiep cua ntfdc ngoai dang dtfdc thtfc hien • De dau ttf de dau ttf trtfc tiep cua ntfdc ngoai viec tap von tich luy chuyen cau kinh dich cd thtfc stf co hieu qua 4- A* - Dam bao nen kinh te te tang trtfdng ddi hdi Viet nam nen giai quyet nhtfng van de chu yeu sau: 3.1 US moi truong thu hut von Sau tu trUc tiep cua nudc ngoai Moi ntfdc NICs chau A deu cd nhung each dieu kien cu rieng phu hdp vdi the cua minh de goi von dau ttf trtfc tiep ntfdc ngoai mot each hieu qua nhat Viet Nam cung dang mong muon khuyen cd sd cua stf on dinh ve chinh khich dau ttf trtfc tiep tri -xa hoi- da dtfdc thtfc Viet Nam thdi gian qua thi van vao nhtfng van de chu yeu sau : a.; Viet Nam da co luat cua ntfdc ngoai hien tot d de mdi trtfdng dau ttf nen dau ttf^khuyen khich dau ttf ntfdc ngoai, phai bien no trd mdi trtfdng dau ttf that stf hap dan hdn , van de nhan thtfc va viec chuan bi tien de thtfc Do Viet Nam dinh htfdng te thi trtfdng dinh htfdng phat trien kinh te thi trtfdng cua cac dinh "cho nen qua trinh von ntfdc nhtfng dac biet la cho luat dau ttf trd hien phat trien kinh ca ngtfdi dau ttf va ngtfdi tiep nhan dau tap trung ttf van cd khac biet vdi ntfdc NICs chau A Cho nen nhtfng” khoang each nhat ngoai dau ttf hoat dong gap nhtfng trd ngai lam giam hieu qua - dac biet la van de xoay quanh van < thu nhap cho lao dong?quan he chu-thd, kha nang ddi tac vdi ntfdc ngoai, tiep nhan chuyen giao cdng nghe hien nghiem quan ly, kinh doanh ) dai ( ca ve may moc thiet kha nang bi va kinh 83 - De giai quyet tot van 'a> Ve cong tac xay dm g eV scf he tang vat chat t ie vay Viet'Nam dang gia vho la "xca ioi giam ngheo" cnv ioi tinh toav cho vev ie co tarn chinn kddc lav dai vay chov cuvg vhuvg bnCc quyet nvoi gia i va ghi phi vac phai van de davg doi iLivg mic hai vov hoi Viet Nam phai iinh quav Do di khong co se lUa vay viec hoav chivih ci so t^ahg troov phhm vt ca nVdc la kho, cho nen can phai dav tit ie houn cii nh cd so tang mot each tah trying uhmig qui hoquh hhinh the daV thovg vhat tram sU tan man , chap vt kem hieu qua C'/Trovg iieu kiev xu hnOvg vay lam cho thi tnidvg vov £ctuj fv&a.l farfw (to cltri A r Vcm a0 ty h f JtzA ■** A f | I yf tB , Tro TUofcJ ■ ’ £v T&a t)(.o ’• /Tu1 quoc te — vguon cwg coh ve ~ a' Hh tCu s "V \ £t u cU +1 vgay cavg te hot quoc fzzo _A vrij vnCc bnOc dnu la thuav Ioi hdv ci , tiep man inu tn trdc tiep cua JI Mh • wM’c/ O-v t^T.1 Il'cZj'tZy W A ' A CZtH yffr \j a &A At/j mi rovg hdp vi ho da co vhieu tac rnu tn kinh vghiem mat khtc la vhUvg vuhc vnoc vgoai, khu vUc co vhieu iOc diem tuWvg dovg, cu ri etc fy"/? >1 _
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