Đầu tư trực tiếp ra nước ngoài của các doanh nghiệp việt nam

MVC LVC DANH MVC CHU VIET TAT DANH MVC BANG, BIEU DO TOM TAT LUAN VAN PHAN MO DAU CI1LONG 1: CO SO LY LUAN VE DAU TU" TRVC TIEP RA NUOC NGOAI CUA CAC DOANH NGHIEP VIET NAM 1.1 Ly luan chung ve dau tu true tiep nude ngoai 1.1.1 Tinh tat yeu cua hoat dong dau tu true tiep nude ngoai 1.1.2 Mot so khai niem ve Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai 1.2 Su can thiet, hinh thuc, dieu kien dau tu true tiep nude ngoai cua cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam a e r 12 r a 1.2.1 Su can thiet phai dau tu true tiep nude ngoai cua cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam 12 1.2.2 Cac hinh thuc dau tu true tiep nude ngoai cua cac doanh nghiep 16 1.2.2.1 Hop dong hop tac kinh doanh 17 1.2.2.2 Doanh nghiep lien doanh 17 1.2.2.3 Doanh nghiep 100% von nude ngoai 17 1.2.3 Nhung dieu kien can thiet de cac doanh nghiep dau tu true tiep nude ngoai 19 a a a r 1.2.3.1 Nhung dieu kien ve phia doanh nghiep de dau tu true tiep nude ngoai 19 1.2.3.3 Nhung dieu kien ve phia nude tiep nhan dau tu 27 1.3.1 Kinh nghiem cua Han Quoc 28 1.3.2 Kinh nghiem cua Singapore 29 1.3.3 Kinh nghiem cua Trung Quoc 31 CHtfONG 2: THV*C TRANG DAU TU” TRtfC TIEP RA NLOC NGOAI CUA CAC DOANH NGHIEP VIET NAM 38 2.1 Boicanh raddi cuahoat dongdau tie true tiep ranwac ngoai cua cac doanh nghiep Viei Nam 3^9 \ r 2.2 TOec iaang OUu it iaec iipp aa nucc ngoai caa ccc doanh nghiep Viei Nam iaen moi so mai cu ihe 42 2.2.1 Khuon kho he thong phap luat ve hoat dong dau tu true tiep nude ngoai eua eae doanh nghiep Viet Nam 42 2.2.1.1 Nhung yeu to nude 43 2.2.2.2 Nhurnn yye to quuc te 47 2.2.2 Thue trang hoat dong dau tu true tiep nude ngoai eua eae doanh nghiep Viet Nam 43 2.2.2.1 Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai eua eae doanh nghiep Viet Nam phan theo ngaJi 49 2.2.2.2 Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai eua eae doanh nghiep Viet Nam phan theo dCi tae nhan dau tu 51 2.2.2.3 Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai eua eae doanh nghiep Viet Nam phan theo hinh thue dau tu 53 z e 2.2.2.4 Tinh hinh thue hien eae du an dau tu true tiep nude ngoai eua eae doanh nghiep Viet Nam 53 2.3 KPi qun dai duoc va nhung han chp doi vci Ooai dong OUu it iaec iipp aa nucc ngoai caa ccc doanh nghiep Viei Nam 55 2.3.1 Ket qua dat du'erc troog hoat dong dau tu true t iep nu'dc nnoai cua eae doanh nghiep Viet Nam 55 > r r 2.3.1.1 Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai dci vdi hoat dOng quan ly vi mo eua Nha nude 56 2.3.1.2 Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai dCi vdi doanh nghiep Viet Nam 59 2.3.1.3 Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai dCi vdi van de xa hoi 64 2.3.2 Nhung han che va nguyen nhan co ban cua hoat dong dau tu true tiep nude ngoai cua eae doanh nghiep Viet Nam 64 2.3.2.1 Han che tu phia doanh nghiep Viet Naim 65 2.3.2.2 Nhung han che ve phia Nha nudc Viet Nam 69 CHL’O’NG 3: QUAN DIEM, DINH HUONG VA MQT SO GIAI PHAP THUC DAY dau tU truc tiep nuoc NGOAI CUA CAC DOANH NGHIEP VIET NAM 73 3.1 Quan diem dau tufruc Hep nuuc ngocii cua cac doanh ngOicp Viet Nam hieu uay 73 A Z 3.2 Diuh hueug cho ccc Ooauh ughiep Viet Nam dUa tv trcc tipp uuoc ugoai 76 r > ? 3.2.1 Lua chon dia ban, doi tac dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai cua cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam 76 3.2.2 Lua chon linh vuc dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai cua cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam 76 3.2.3 Ve chu the dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai 77 3.2.4 Ve chinh sach doi vdi dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai 78 3.3 Ccc giai phcp cha ypa thuc day dUa tu trcc tipp uudc ugoai caa cCc Ooauh ughiep Viet Nam 78 3.3.1 Hoan thien he thong phap uat ve dau tu true tiep nude ngoaa 78 3.3.2 Chinn s sac hS trr, uu dSi cca UNs midd ddi vVi ddu tu Wu ti^e> nudc ngoai cua doanh nghiep Vied Nam 80 3.3.2.1 Ho tro nguon von duu tu 81 3.3.2.2 hhinh sach uu dai ve thue 81 3.3.2.3 Thu^u hien c ca Hiee dinn, thco thhun s oon ppu^cmn, dd phuong 8 3.3.2.4 Xay dining Gcun cc cca Thnn gy thco hudng hinn thung cca tnp doan kinh te 877 ■* z r 3.3.3 Ve tang cuong xuc tien dau tu tr/c tiep nuac ngoai va ma rong a ? r quan he quoc te 88 z z 3.3.4 Tang cuong cac hoat dong ho tra va tu van dau tu tr/c tiep a nuac ngoai 90 r 3.3.5 Cong tac quan ly va cung cap thong tin ve dau tu tr/c tiep r a a nuac ngoai 92 3.3.6 Cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam can nang cao doi ngu can bo 93 3.4 Nhan xet va kien nghi 93 3.4.1 Niran xetchunn v£ dau tu trarc tiep rannuc unga cua ccc d^oanli nghiep Viet Nnm 93 3.4.2.Mot so kipn nghi 94 3.4.2.1 Doi vci Bo Kp hoach va dau tu 94 3.4.2.2 Doi vci Ngan hang Nha nucc Viet Nnm 95 3.4.2.3 Doi vci Bo Tai Chinh 95 3.4.2.4 Doi vci Bo Cong Thuong 96 3.4.2.5 Doi vci Bo Lno dong - Thuong binh va Xa hoi 96 3.4.2.6 Doi vci Bo Tu Phap 96 3.4.2.7 Doi vci Bo Ngoai giao 96 3.4.2.8 Doi vci ccc to chuc tin dung 97 3.4.2.9 Doi vci ccc Oonnh nghiep Viet Nnm 97 KET LUAN 98 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 99 DANH MUC CHF VIET TAT r ASEAN Hiep hoi cac Quoc gia Dong Nam A AFTA Khu vuc mau dich tu ASEAN BOT Hop dong xay dung - kinh doanh - chuyen giao BT Hop dong xay dung - chuyen giao BTO Hop dong xay dung - chuyen giao - kinh doanh BIT Hiep dinh dau tu song phucmg CNTT Cong nghe thong tin DCDN Dan chu nhan dan DTT Hiep dinh tranh danh thue hai lan KHCN Khoa hoc cong nghe KHKT Khoa hoc ky thuat LHQ Lien hiep Quoc MAI Hiep dinh dau tu da ben TCT rp A j Tong cong ty TNHH Trach nhiem huu han USD Dong tien Hop chung quoc Hoa Ky UNCTAD Hoi nghi cua LHQ ve Thuong mai va Phat trien R&D Hoat dong nghien cuu - trien khai ODA Ho trq phat trien chinh thuc XHCN Xa hoi chu nghia WTO TO chuc Thuong mai The gioi a a r DANH MVC BANG, BIEU DO r r y Bang 2.1: So lieu dau tu true tiep nuerc ngoai chia theo giai doan tu 1989 den 2007 dune the hien qua bieu sau 49 yr Bang: 2.2: Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai phan theo nude dupe the hien qua bang sau (Tinh tdi 31/12/2007 - Chi tinh cac du an hieu lire) 52 Bang 3.1: Cac Hiep dinh khuyen khich va bao ho dau tu Viet Nam da ky ket 84 y r y Bieu do: 2.1: Tinh hinh dau tu true tiep nude ngoai giai doan 1989 den 2007 49 y y r Bieu 2.2: Tinh hinh dau tu true tiep nude ngoai phan theo nganh dupe the hien qua bieu sau 51 TRIjfiW BAI HOC KIAII TE QUOC DAV tranh tong the ve cong tac dau tu nude ngoai cua cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam tai A A A cac nude tiep nhan dau tu vua cd y nghTa ve mat ly luan, vua cd y nghTa ve mat thuc 7 r tien gop phan dua cac doanh nhiep Viet Nam hoi nhap quoc te cong Muc dich nghien cuu cua de tai Be tai “ Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai cua cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam.” r lam sang to co so ly luan ve dau tu true tiep nude ngoai cua cac doanh nghiep a a cua Viet Nam Tren co cd de cd kien nghi mot so dinh hudng va giai phap ii nham hoan thien doi vdi viec dau tu true tiep nude ngoai cua cac doanh nghiep cua Viet Nam Doi tuong va pham vi nghien ciru cua Luan van Doi tuong nghien cun: Cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tu true tiep nude ngoai de lam doi tuong nghien cuu, de tai khong nghien cuu chi tiet ve cac yeu to phap luat, kinh te A r r can dau tu vv ma co anh hudng true tiep den hoat dong dau tu cua cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam nude ngoai Pham vi nghien ciru: Noi dung cua viec dau tu true tiep nude ngoai la rat rong, bao gom nhieu r > r \ \ van de lien quan den nhieu nganh, nhieu linh vuc nghien cuu khoa hoc khac Trong pham vi cd gidi han, luan van chi tap trung nghien cuu vao nhung yeu to yeu ve viec dau tu true tiep nude ngoai cua cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam Luan van chi danh gia thue trang dau tu nude ngoai cua cac nha dau tu Viet Nam sau Chinh phu ban hanh Nghi dinh so 22/1999/ND-CP va Luat dau tu nude ngoai so 59/2005/QH11 29/11/2005 va Nghi dinh cua Chinh phu so 78/2006/ND-CP 09 thang 08 nam 2006 quy dinh dau tu true tiep nude ngoai Phuong phap nghien ciru cua luan van Ngoai cac phuong phap nghien cuu co ban duoc sir dung viec nghien cuu khoa hoc cac linh vuc khoa hoc xa hoi, khoa hoc kinh te nhu chu nghTa vat bien chung va chu nghia vat lich su cua Triet hoc Mac - Lenin, trim tuong hoa khoa hoc, luan van su dung tong hop cac phuong de nghien cuu 87 r r y nudc ngoai, Viet Nam da tich cuc ky ket cac Hiep dinh tranh danh thue hai lan Cho den sau hon 10 nam kien tri va tich cuc dam phan, Viet Nam da ky duoc 43 Hiep dinh vdi hau het cac doi tac dau tu ldn va quan Trong thdi gian tdi, Viet Nam can tiep tuc tang cudng ky ket cac Hiep dinh tranh danh thue trung, dong thdi neu cao hieu qua trien khai cac Hiep dinh da ky ket thuc tien de ho tro cac doanh nghiep dau tu nudc ngoai Cac bien phap can ap dung thdi gian tdi nhu: (i) Xac dinh ro nudc can ky ket Tap trung dam phan ky ket hiep dinh vdi cac nudc co moi quan he kinh te dau tu vdi Viet Nam, hoac co tiem nang phat trien manh thdi gian tdi (ii) Nang cao trinh chuyen mon cua can bo tham gia dam phan Nhung ngudi tham gia dam phan phai hieu biet ky cang ve cac mau Hiep dinh, cac dieu khoan va cac khia canh phap ly cua chung Ngoai ra, can hieu ki quan he kinh te - dau tu hien tai va trien vong tuong lai giua Viet Nam va cac nudc ky ket Mot yeu cau co ban nua, la phai thong thao ngoai ngu, trudc het la Tieng Anh (iii) Tang cudng trien khai cac Hiep dinh da ky ket Nang cao nang luc cua bo may quan ly va thuc hien Hiep dinh, ban hanh kip thdi cac thong tu hudng dan thuc hien Hiep dinh da ky ket va tang cudng cong tac trao doi thong tin giua Viet Nam vdi cac nudc ky ket de nang cao hieu qua thi hanh cua Hiep dinh Ben canh do, can tuyen truyen va giao duc cho cac doanh nghiep hieu biet ve cac Hiep dinh tranh danh thue trung de doanh nghiep co co hoi tan dung cac uu dai da duoc ky ket A r r r Xuc tien dam phan, ky ket cac hiep dinh tren doi vdi mot so nudc, vung lanh tho ma cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam co tiem nang dau tu 3.3.2.4 Xay dung, cung co cac Tonp cong ty Meo hit&og hinh cac tap doan kinh le Thuc hien Nghi quyet TW3 khoa IX “ tiep tuc doi mdi de phat huy vai tro chu dao cua cac doanh nghiep, dac biet mot so linh vuc diem, can phai hinh mo hinh cac tap doan kinh te” 88 Trong thoi gian vtra qua, cac Tong cong ty Nha nuoc da the hien duoc vai tro nong cot, chu luc, xuong song cua nen kinh te, hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh tuong doi co hieu qua, tri duoc toc tang trudng deu dan Tuy nhien, so voi cac cong ty tren the gioi, cac TCT cua Viet Nam vln hoc lo canh tranh chua cao Be tao dau tau keo cac doanh nghiep khac dau tu nuoc ngoai, Nha nudc nen tiep tuc cai to hoat dong cua mot so TCT ldn hoat dong sang md hinh Tap doan kinh te ldn Cac tap doan kinh te vua la tru cot cua nen kinh te quoc dan, vua la nong cot thuc hien dziu tu nudc ngoai de khai thac thi trudng quoc te, va thuc hien vai tro ngudi di trudc cho cac doanh nghiep khac theo sau Day chinh la kinh nghiem quy bau cua cua Han Quoc va e r r Singaopre, Trung Quoc qua trinh xay dung cac cong ty xuyen quoc gia cung nhu lo trinh chiem linh thi trudng the gidi r a r > 3.3.3 Ve tang cuong xue tien dau tie true tiep nude ngoai va mor rong quan he quoc te m r Dudng loi cua Dang va Nha nudc Viet Nam la "Viet Nam san sang lam ban r r f •> vdi tat ca cac nudc tren the gidi" Tuyen ngon the hien quan diem kien dinh thich hop tranh "soc" cho nen kinh te Thdi gian qua hoat dong xue tien dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai chua manh, •o' r ' y tac dong ldn den hoat dong dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua cac nha dau tu Viet Nam Vi vay, Chinh phu va cac co quan lien quan can tang cudng xue tien dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai nham tao dieu kien thuan loi hon cho cac nha dau r a r r tu tim kiem co hoi dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai, trudc het tap trung vao cac linh vuc ma Viet Nam co loi the so sanh, dua cac bien phap thiet thuc X r •> A nham tang cudng cung cap cac loai dich vu ho tro cho doanh nghiep Cu the: can to chuc cac cuoc gap go, tiep xue dinh ky hoac khong dinh ky giua Chinh phu vdi cac doanh nghiep, dac biet la cac doanh nghiep dang cd du an trien khai d 89 nudc ngoai Viec xuc tien dau tu nude ngoai khong chi chu vao nhung du an quy mo lon, doanh nghiep ldn ma can tap trung vao nhung van de cu the, chi tiet, hudng tdi thu hut dau tu cua cac doanh nghiep vua va nhd, hien dang chiem so dong va tuong lai se la nhung doanh nghiep manh Trude mat, tap trung vao mot so hoat dong sau: (i) Xay dung trang thong tin website ve dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai Theo do, cung cap he thong van ban lien quan dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai de phuc vu nhu cau cua doanh nghiep nudc va nudc ngoai, cac to chuc tu van Viet Nam cung nhu cua cac nudc thuoc khu vuc diem de cung cap cho doanh nghiep hai ben (ii) Tich cue dam phan ky ket cac hiep dinh tranh danh thue trung, nang cao hieu qua trien khai cua cac hiep dinh da ky nham thu hut dau tu true ti£p nudc ngoai va khuyen khich, ho tro cac doanh nghiep dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai (iii) Tiep tuc chu dong tham gia cac hoat dong kinh te qudc te (to chuc hoi nghi qudc te, hoi cho trien lam qudc te), md rong quan he hop tac toan dien vdi r r r r cac qudc gia khac tren the gidi Phat huy tdi da cac loi the cua vien WTO r r Ket hop vdi cac chuyen di tham, lam viec nudc ngoai cua cac nha lanh dao Dang, Chinh phu de to chuc cac cuoc hoi thao gidi thieu mdi trudng dau tu lan nhau, xay dung hinh anh tot ve su quan tarn cua Chinh phu doi vdi hoat dong khuyen khich dau tu nudc ngoai Tu do, giup cac doanh nghiep nudc va nha dau tu nudc ngoai cd co hoi tim hieu, tiep can, giao luu hoc hoi kinh nghiem, dau tu lan (iv) Cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam can chu dau tu true tiep vao hai nudc lang gieng Lao va Campuchia Lao va Campuchia la hai nudc cd nhieu tiem nang tai nguyen ve nang luong, khoang san, cay cong nghiep chua duoc khai thac nhieu, mat khac quan he ngoai giao cua Viet Nam doi vdi hai nude rat tot thdi gian vua qua Cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tu vao hai 90 thi truong khong nhung dat duoc hieu qua ve kinh te cho doanh nghiep ma quoc gia 3.3.4 Tang curing cac hoat dong hd tru va tic van dau tic trice tiep nicric ngoai - Cac co quan dai dien ngoai giao, thuong mai d nude ngoai tiep tuc day manh viec tim kiem trao doi, cung cap thong tin ve moi trudng luat phap, chinh sach thu hut dau tu cua nudc sd tai, tao dieu kien thuan loi, ho tro cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tu nudc ngoai (cung cap ho chieu, xin visa; dam bao an ninh tai san va an toan ca nhan; khuyen khich, ho tro viec lap va nang cao hieu qua cac Hiep hoi doanh nghiep Viet Nam d moi nudc) - To chuc gap go dinh ky va khong dinh ky giua Chinh phu va dai dien ngoai giao vdi cac doanh nghiep, dac biet la cac doanh nghiep hien dang cd du an trien khai d nudc ngoai Thong qua cac cuoc gap go nay, Chinh phu ngoai r r t viec nam bat tinh hinh hoat dong cua cac du an d nudc ngoai de xay dung va ban hanh cac chinh sach phu hop va thiet thuc, ma true tiep giai quyet nhimg vudng mac ma doanh nghiep dang gap phai nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam - Phat trien he thong giao thong van tai qua bien gidi thuan loi, an toan, gia re de tang cudng luu chuyen, thong thuong hang hoa, dich vu giua thi trudng nudc va quoc te, qua kich thich dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua doanh nghiep Viet Nam - Khuyen khich, ho tro viec lap va nang cao hieu qua cua cac hiep hoi doanh nghiep Viet Nam d nudc ngoai, tien tdi lap hiep hoi dau tu nudc ngoai d tung khu vuc va tung nudc Cac hiep hoi can chu dong va tich cue hoat 91 dong vdi muc tieu ton chi la bao ve quyen loi va giup cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam giai quyet nhung vudng mac ca qua trinh san xuat kinh doanh d nudc ngoai Kinh nghiem thuc tien cho thay rang, hau het cac nudc cd hoat dong dau tu ldn vao Viet Nam deu lap hiep hoi cac nha dau tu cua nudc ho Hiep hoi trd cau ndi giua Chinh phu Viet Nam cung nhu Chinh phu cac nudc nhan dau tu vdi doanh nghiep va la to chuc xue tien dau tu cd hieu qua nhat - Tang cudng hoat dong xue tien dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cho cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam, trudc het la tap trung vao cac linh vuc ma Viet Nam cd loi the so sanh Hien nay, su hieu biet ve thi trudng the gidi cua cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam mdi chu yeu thong qua cac giao dich thuong mai, hoac cac hoat dong dau tu cua nudc ngoai vao Viet Nam Nhung de dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai thi su hieu biet la chua du Bdi le, dau tu, cac doanh nghiep can phai cd su hieu biet ro rang ve mdi trudng dau tu, tap quan sinh hoat va tieu dung cua ngudi dan, cac loi the cua minh so vdi cac nudc nhan von, Day chinh la mot nhung nguyen nhan dan den tinh trang dau tu nudc ngoai it di cua cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam Thuc te hien cho thay, Viet Nam cd mot sd loi the so sanh va neu dau tu thi kha nang cong ldn Vi du: Viet Nam cd the dau tu vao Indonexia cac nganh che bien may tre dan, che bien thuc pham, san xuat gao; dau tu vao Lao linh vuc che bien go, cay cao su, dau tu cac du an thuy dien, khai thac va tham khoang san ; vao Myanma linh vuc che bien go, che tao may nong nghiep; vao Nga linh vuc che bien thuc pham, may mac Do vay, van de xue tien dau tu de cac doanh nghiep biet duoc loi the la het sue can thiet Trong thdi gian tdi, Chinh phu can chi dao Bo Ke hoach va dau tu phoi hop vdi Bo Ngoai giao, Bo Cong Thuong to chuc cac dien dan, hoi thao danh gia cac loi the cua cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam tien trinh e * r r r \ t hoi nhap kinh te quoc te Chinh phu can to chuc cac doan cong tac vdi su tham gia cua cac chuyen gia tren tat ca cac linh vu: Luat phap, kinh te, tai chinh, cung 92 vai cac doanh nhan di tham do, tim hieu khai thac tinh hinh thuc te cac nuoc khu vuc va the gidi, tim kiem ca hoi dau tu theo tung linh vuc, nganh nghe, sau ve bien cho cac doanh nghiep nudc Day se la hinh thuc dua tu cac chuyen gia hang dau tren cac linh vuc lien quan den dau tu va xuSt phat tu thuc te cua tung nudc nhan dau tu 3.3.5 Cong tac quan ly va cung cap thong tin ve dau tut true tiep nude ngoai a a r r y Tang cudng cdng tac tuyen truyen nham thong nhat ve nhan thuc cac r y r •> cap thuc hien doi vdi hoat dong dau tu nudc ngoai theo quan diem da neu tren Khan truong xay dung va thuc hien de an ve co che ho tro, khuyen khich A A nham thuc day hoat dong dau tu nudc ngoai cua Viet Nam (theo chi dao cua Thu tudng Chinh Phu), do, cd nhung giai phap dot pha, tao " cu hich" de khuyen khich doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai Tang cudng cong tac xue tien dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai nhung (Lao, Lien bang Nga, Hoa ky, Campuchia) bang cac hinh thuc to chuc xue tien dau tu thich hop, to chuc bien dich tai lieu ve luat phap, chinh sach, mdi trudng va co hoi dau tu tai mot so dia ban diem de cung cap cho cac doanh nghiep, co quan quan ly thong qua cac an pham va trang tin dien tu r a Hang nam, Bo Ke hoach Dau tu cung cac co quan quan ly nha nudc cd lien quan se thu thap thong tin, bien soan sach bang tieng Viet de cung cap cho cac doanh nghiep cd y dinh dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai Do la, chinh sach, luat phap chinh sach thu hut dau tu, tiem nang va co hoi dau tu hai ben; cac du an duoc Chinh phu hai nudc ky thoa thuan; danh muc cac du an keu goi dau tu nudc ngoai cua nudc sd tai; danh gia tinh hinh thuc hien cac du an dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai tao co hoi de doanh nghiep tim kiem co hoi dau tu tai nudc ngoai Co quan dai dien ngoai giao cua Viet Nam tai cac nudc cd trach nhiem cung cap thong tin cho co quan quan ly nha nudc va doanh nghiep, gom thong 93 tin cap nhat ve luat phap va chinh sach thu hut dau tu; dinh ky cung cap cac chi so kinh te vi md cua nude so tai (quy md, toe tang truong cua nen kinh te ), quan he hop tac kinh te giua hai nudc; thong tin ve thi trudng dinh ky cua cac doanh nghiep de cd co sd danh gia tinh hinh thuc hien cac du an dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai 3.3.6 Cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam can nang cao dpi ngu can bo Cung vdi qua trinh hoi nhap, nang luc cua doi ngu can bo cua cac doanh nhiep Viet Nam da duoc nang len dang ke va da gop phan vao tich chung cua dat nudc Song so vdi doi hoi cang cao cua qua trinh hoi nhap, doi ngu va nang luc chuyen mon noi rieng, dac biet la ngoai ngu va kha nang dong gop vao viec hoach dinh chinh sach cho doanh nghiep, kha nang dam phan cac Hop dong vdi doi tac nudc ngoai Hoi nhap quoc te doi hoi doi ngu doanh nhan Viet Nam phai hieu biet ve kinh te quoc te, cac quy dinh cua cac the che lien ket kinh r r r y e te quoc te ma Viet Nam tham gia, cac cam ket ve md cua cua Viet Nam cung nhu cac nudc khac va biet quan ly kinh doanh tot qua trinh hoi nhap Con ngudi la yeu to quyet dinh co ban, muon dau tu nudc ngoai cd hieu qua phai cd ngudi cd du kha nang de thuc hien nd Cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam can chu den viec dao tao nguon nhan luc du due va tai de cd the tham gia vao cac linh vuc quan ly cua doanh nghiep giup cho doanh nghiep su dung r y r y vdn dau tu cd hieu qua tai nudc tiep nhan dau tu 3.4 Nhan xet va kien nghi 3.4.1 Nhan xet chung ve dau tie true tiep nuoc ngoai cua cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam Dau tu nudc ngoai cua cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam da tung budc phat 94 dem lai khong chi hieu qua cho doanh , nghiep Viet Nam ma mang lai loi ich r r x cho quoc gia, gop phan nang cao tinh canh tranh cua doanh nghiep va cua dat nuoc Do vay, viec nghien cuu danh gia, phan tich tinh hinh dau tu truc tiep nuoc ngoai thoi gian qua, tu tim nguyen nhan bat cap va de xuat giai phap thuc day, tang cuong hon nua dau tu truc tiep nuoc ngoai cua cac doanh tam cao moi la can thiet 3.4.2.Mot so kien nghi r x r 3.4.2.1 Doi vffi Bo Ke hoach va dau tic Chu tri, phoi hop cung cac Bo, nganh lien quan xay dung trinh chinh phu Nghi dinh sua doi, bo sung hoac thay the Nghi dinh sO 78/2006/ND-CP theo huong sau: (i) Hoan thien co che thuc hien dau tu ro rang, don gian, cac co quan nha •> x x x nuoc co tham quyen khong duoc yeu cau doanh nghiep, nha dau tu giai trinh hoac xuat trinh them cac noi dung va tai lieu khong duoc quy dinh phap luat (ii) Xay dung danh muc du an dau tu truc tiep nuoc ngoai; neu cu the linh vuc khuyen khich, han che va cam dau tu truc tiep nuoc ngoai va chinh sach uu dai, che ho tro di kem (iii) Quy dinh ro rang trach nhiem cua cac co quan nha nuoc o nuoc va ngoai nuoc viec ho tro va bao ve loi ich cua doanh nghiep Viet Nam A A dau tu truc tiep nuoc ngoai (iii) Quy dinh quy trinh xu ly doi voi mot so du an quan (dau khi, nang luong dien va khai thac quang) theo hai buoc sau: (i) Phe chuan chu truong noi dung chinh; (ii) cap giay chung nhan dau tu nuoc ngoai 95 Chu tri, phoi hop vai cac Bo, nganh, dia phuong to chuc nghien cuu, xay dung cac chuong trinh xue tien dau tu nudc ngoai phu hop vdi dac thu tung dia ban; dua noi dung xue tien dau tu nudc ngoai mot so noi dung cua chuong trinh xue tien dau tu qudc gia Chu tri, phoi hop vdi cac co quan dai dien ngoai giao/dau tu d nudc ngoai to chuc nghien cuu, soan thao cac bo tai lieu nham cung cap thong tin ve co hoi, chinh sach, mdi trudng dau tu cua mot sd dia ban diem Chu tri, to chuc nghien cuu, hoc tap kinh nghiem cua cac nudc ve quan ly yr hoat dong dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai r 3.4.2.2 Doi vdi Ngan hang Nhd nudc Viet Nam Chu tri, phoi hop vdi cac Bo, nganh cd lien quan soan thao thong tu hudng dan hoat dong quan ly ngoai hoi doi vdi dau tu nudc ngoai (thay the Thong tu sd 01/2001/TT-NHNN) phu hop vdi nghi dinh sd 160/2006/ND-CP 28/12/2006 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu quy dinh chi tiet thi hanh phap lenh ngoai hoi Viec cho vay doi vdi cac du an dau tu nudc noi chung va du an dau tu nudc ngoai noi rieng dang bi vudng mac bdi quy dinh ve ty le an toan hoat dong tin dung, co quy dinh cho vay, bao lanh doi vdi 01 khach hang, mot nhom khach hang co lien quan De nghi Ngan hang Nha nudc xem xet, trinh Chinh Phu cho phep cac doanh nghiep duoc dung tai san hinh tir AZ Z von vay lam dam bao no vay khong can co du 15% von tu cd va cac ngan hang duoc xem xet cho vay vuot cac gidi han 15% von tu co cua cac ngan hang 3.4.2.3 Doi vdi Bo Tdi Chinh Ban hanh thong tu hudng dan ve thue doi vdi doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tu nudc ngoai (thay the Thong tu so 97/2002/TT-BTC 29/10/2002) Nghien cuu phuong an lap Quy ho tro hoat dong dau tu nudc ngoai Chu tri, phoi hop cung cac Bo, nganh lien quan soan thao trinh Chinh phu • x r • A r cac du an uu tien dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai, nha dau tu vay von tir cac to chuc tin dung va ngoai nudc se duoc Chinh phu bao lanh cho khoan vay 96 3.4.2.4 Doi vai Bo Cong Thuong Chu tri to chuc tuyen truyen, bien rong rai ve chinh sach, cac cam ket r Z r r x r x quoc te lien quan den hoat dong dau tu true tiep nuoc ngoai den cac nha dau tu, dia phuong va doanh nghiep Phoi hop voi Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu nghien cuu phuong an dam phan md cua thi trudng cac linh vuc cu the phu hop voi tung doi tac dam phan cac hiep dinh thuong mai song phuong co lien quan den dau tu Phoi hop vdi cac Bo, nganh lien quan xay dung quy trinh xu ly doi vdi mot so du an quan (dau khi, nang luong dien, khai khoang) dam bao dap ung X /■ duoc yeu cau thuc te de doanh nghiep cd co sd dam phan tranh Id thdi co r 3.4.2.5 Doi vdi Bo Lao dong - Thuong binh vaXa hoi Chu tri, phoi hop vdi cac Bo, nganh lien quan nghien cuu chinh sach uu dai >’-e ex z f doi vdi doanh nghiep dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai dua so luong ldn lao dong Viet Nam di lam viec d nudc ngoai To chuc viec dao tao nguon nhan luc lien quan den hoat dong dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai Dac biet cd co che, chinh sach de ho tro cac doanh nghiep dau tu tai Lao, Campuchia dao tao cac lao dong ngudi Lao, Campuchia Ho tro x r x dao tao nghe gan vdi cac linh vu dau tu cua cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam sang Lao, Campuchia; hoac dao tao can bo cap xa cua Lao, Campuchia tai Viet Nam 3.4.2.6 Doi voi Bo Tu Phap Cd trach nhiem kiem tra, soat viec ban hanh, hudng dan thuc hien cac van ban quy pham phap luat cd lien quan den linh vuc dau tu de dam bao cac hoat dong dau tu co hieu qua chuc nang, nhiem vu cua minh theo quy dinh phap luat hien hanh 3.4.2.7 Doi vdi Bo Ngoai giao Cd bien phap chi dao va tang cudng nang luc cho cac co quan dai dien x r •> ngoai giao/dau tu d nudc ngoai thuc hien tot viec thu thap, tong hop bao cao thong tin ve luat phap - chinh sach thu hut dau tu nudc ngoai cua nudc sd tai 97 Cung cap thong tin phat trien kinh te xa hoi, linh vuc, chinh sach uu dai thu hut dau tu nuoc ngoai cua nuoc so tai Ho trp cac doanh nghiep qua trinh thuc hien dau tu o nuoc ngoai, nhu: ho chieu, visa, giai quyet tranh chap; dam bao an ninh tai san va an toan ca nhan; ve thu tuc bao lanh phap ly Co bien phap cu the khuyen khich va ho trp viec lap cac Hiep hoi doanh nghiep Viet Nam o nuoc ngoai 3.4.2.8 Doi vai cac to chuc tin dung Xem xet lai quy trinh tham dinh cho vay doi voi cac doanh nghiep vay von dau tu truc tiep nuoc ngoai Nghien cuu sua doi quy dinh cua tung to chuc tin dung viec bao dam khoan vay bang tai san hinh sau dau tu theo tinh than tai thong tu so 10/2006/TT - NHNN 21/12/2006 cua Ngan hang Nha nuoc Viet Nam r 3.4.2.9 Doi vai cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam Chu trong, lua chon vao linh vuc, doi tac dau tu tranh hien tupng dau tu truc tiep nuoc ngoai theo phong trao r \ r Lien ket cac cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tu truc tiep nuoc ngoai hiep hoi cac Nha dau tu dam bao canh tranh lanh manh voi nham tao the manh nang cao uy tin cua doanh nghiep tren thi trudng quoc te Tang cudng dao tao, hoan thien, boi duong nguon nhan luc cua doanh nghiep dam bao can bo lam viec o nuoc ngoai chu dong, sang tao cong viec Nang cao nguon tai chinh cua doanh nghiep, trudng hop cac doanh nghiep nho khong du tiem luc dau tu truc tiep nuoc ngoai, co the lap cong ty cO phan de cung huong toi muc tieu chung cua doanh nghiep nham mo rong e r r thi trudng quoc te 98 KET LUAN r \ r t Hoat dong dau tu quoc te cang phat trien manh me nhung thap ky trd lai day, va thuc su trd mot dac trung co ban cua nen kinh te hien dai Tham gia vao hoat dong dau tu quoc te chu yeu la cac nudc phat trien vdi loi the ve tiem luc tai chinh manh, nang luc khoa hoc cong nghe hien dai, cong vdi trinh kinh doanh tien tien va co hieu qua Tuy nhien hien xu the phat trien cua dong luan chuyen von dau tu quoc te, nhieu nudc dang phat trien xuat hien vdi tu cach la nha dau tu Su tham gia cua cac nudc dang phat trien lam da dang va phong phu them hoat dong dau tu quoc te, mot linh vuc gan nhu doc quyen cua cac nudc phat trien mot thdi gian dai trudc day Viet Nam dang tien trinh hoi nhap vdi kinh te the gidi, doi vdi hoat dong dau tu quoc te hien chung ta yeu dung tren giac nudc tiep nhan dau tu a r r a Duoc su cho phep cua nha nudc, cong vdi su ldn manh cua cac doanh nghiep Viet r Nam thdi gian qua da co nhung dong thai tich cuc la dua von, tai san nudc ngoai de san xuat kinh doanh Hoat dong duoc bat dau tu nhung nam 1999 va phat trien manh vao nhung nam gan day Tuy nhien, day la hoat dong kinh te mdi cho cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam nen boc lo nhieu han che tien r r r \ trinh hoi nhap thi trudng quoc te thong qua kenh dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai Tac gia da tap trung nghxien cUu hoat dong dau tu nudc ngoai cua cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam thdi gian vua qua de tim nhung mat manh, va nhung diem han che ton tai de de xuat nhung giai phap tu phia Chinh phu va cac x r doanh nghiep Viet Nam nham khai thac loi the cua minh d thi trudng nudc ngoai Vdi nhung han che va nhung nguyen nhan da duoc phan tich d tren tac gia da de xuat mot so giai phap, mong muon co the ap dung de hoan thien hon cong tac dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai cua cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam thdi gian tdi, gop phan nang cao hieu qua dau tu dau tu cho doanh nghiep cung nhu vi the cua Viet Nam tren trudng quoc te Do thdi gian nghien cUu co han va day la mot linh vuc kinh te mdi cua nen kinh te Viet Nam, kha nang tiep can cac nguon thong tin nhieu han che, tac gia mong muon nhan duoc nhieu y kien dong gop de luan van duoc hoan thien hon./ DANH MVC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bo Tai chinh (2002), thong tu so 97/2002/TT-BTC huong dan viec thuc hien nghia vu thue doi vdi doanh nghiep Viet Nam dau tu nude ngoai Bao Dau tu (2007), 20 nam dau tu nudc ngoai, Ha Noi f \ A Bo Ke hoach va dau tu (2008), Bao cao tinh hinh dau tu nudc ngoai giai doan 1989 - 2007, Ha Noi r a Bo Ke hoach va dau tu (2007), Bao cao dau tu nudc ngoai - Thuc trang va trien vong, Ha Noi ? A Bo Ke hoach dau tu (2007), Bao cao tinh hinh dau tu nudc ngoai nam 2007, Ha Noi Do Due Binh (2004), Giao trinh kinh te quoc te, Truong Dai hoc kinh te quoc dan, NXB Khoa hoc va Ky thuat, Ha Noi Nguyen Kim Bao (2000), Dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai d Trung Quoc tic 1979 den nay, NXB Khoa hoc xa hoi va nhan van, Ha Noi Chinh phu (1999), Nghi dinh so 22/1999/ND-CP quy dinh ve dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam Chinh phu (2006), Nghi dinh 78/2006/ND-CP quy dinh ve dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai cua cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam 10 Chinh phu (2006), Nghi dinh so 160/2006/ND-CP quy dinh chi tiet thi hanh phap lenh ngoai hoi 11 Chinh phu (2005), Hiep dinh hop tac kinh te, vdn hod, khoa hoc - ky thuat giua Chinh phu nudc Cong hod xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam va Chinh phu nudc Cong hod dan chu nhan dan Lao thdi ky 2001 - 2005, ky 06/2/2001 12 Chinh phu (2006), Hiep dinh hap tac kinh te van hod, khoa hoc ky thuat giua Chinh phu nudc Cong hoa XHCN Viet Nam va Chinh phu nudc Cong hod DCDN Lao giai doan 2006 - 2010 ky 04/01/2006 13 Cac Mac va Ph.Ang Ghen toan tap (1993), tap 23 NXB Chinh tri quoc gia ST, Ha Noi 14 Cac Mac va Ph.Ang Ghen toan tap (1995), tap 26 NXB Chinh tri quoc gia ST, Ha Noi 15 Chinh phu (2006), Hiep dinh ve hap tac va nang luong dien giua Chinh phu nudc Cong hod XHCN Viet Nam va Chinh phu nudc Cong hod DCDN Lao ky 06/2/2006 16 Lai Van Chau (1995), Von dau tu nudc ngoai va chien luoc phat trien kinh te Viet Nam, NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi 17 Mai Ngoc Cuong (1999), Lich sic cac hoc thuyet kinh te, NXB thong ke - Ha Noi 18 Bang Thu Huong (2007), Thu hut dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai qua trinh hoi nhap kinh te quoc te cua Trung Quoc thdi ky 1978 - 2003 thuc trang va bai hoc kinh nghiem ddi vdi Viet Nam, Luan an tien sy, Truong Bai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan, Ha Noi ■* r r x x 19 Tran Quang Lam (2005), Kinh te co von dau tu nudc ngoai nen kinh r te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghia d Viet Nam hien nay: Thuc trang va trien vong, Hoc vien chinh tri quoc gia Ho Chi Minh, Ha Noi 20 Ngan hang Nha nuoc Viet Nam (2001), Thong tu so 01/2001/TT-NHNN hudng dan ve quan ly ngoai hoi ddi vdi hoat dong dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai 21 Ngim hang NNa nudc VVt Nam (2006), Mong t^sd 10/2022/6T-NHNN huong dan viec t1 chuc tin dung cho khach hang vay de dau ts truc r tiep nuoc ngoai 22 Quoc hot nudc Cong hoa XHCN Viet Nam (2005), Luat dau tu so 59/2225/QN// 23 Quoc hot nudc Cong hoa XHCN Viet Nam (2005), Luat doanh nghiep so 62/2225/QN// 24 Le Van Sans’ ( 2(X05), Cue dien kinn te thfhgici hhi thhp nien dau theky XXI, NXB The gidi, Ha Not; 25 Dinh Trong Thinh ( 2006), Thue day dooan hghiejn ViV: Nam dau luShirc r tiep nuoc ngoai, NXB Tai chinh, Ha Noi; 26 Nguyen Huy Tham (1 (1c?c9), Kinn nghiem thu u ui^ vh^n Uou hrs uUc ngoaio cac nuoc ASEAN va van dung vao Vint Nam, Luan an tien sy kinh te, Hoc vien chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha Noi; 27 Vu nuc Tuan (2007), Noan thinn co che, chinh sach de thu hut duu tu r truc tiep nuoc ngoai o thu Na Noi giai doan 222/ - 22/2, Luan an tien sy, trudng nai hoc kinh te Quoc dan, Ha Noi 28 Van kien nai hoi nang toan quoc lan thu IX (2001), NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha Noi 29 Van kien nai hoi nang toan quoc lan thu X (2006), NXB Su that, Ha Noi 30 Website: http://www.chinhphu.vn; www.mpLgov.vn;www.mof.gov.vn; www.vir.com.vn;www.cpv.gov.vn;www.spv.gov.vn;www.google.com; www.dongnai.gov.com