Thương vụ trong thúc đẩy xuất khẩu hàng hoá của việt nam vào khu vực châu á thái bình dương

3841 LV ThS DHKTQD TRlfONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN *** NGUYEN THtfONG VU TRONG THUC DAY XUAT KHAU HANG HO A CUA VIET NAM VAO KHU WC CHAU A - THAI BINH DUONG Chuyen nganh Kinh te Doi ngoai LU AN VAN THAC SY KINH TE • • NGUOl HUONG dAn KHOA HOC: PGS.TS NGUYEN THUONG LANG Ha Noi, nam 2009 ■ * S’ LCH CAM ON ! Tac gia luan van xin tran cam cm PGS-TS Nguyen Thudng Lang, ngudi da tan tinh hudng dan, giup da tac gia hoan luan van thdi r r r \ gian qua Vi thdi gian va kien thurc cua ngudi viet nhieu han che, mat a \ r r r \ r khac de tai de cap den mot linh vuc mdi nen chac chan nhieu thieu sot Do vay, tac gia kinh mong nhan dupe sir gop y cua cac Thay, Co va ban be khoa Thucmg mai va Kinh te Quoc te de luan van dupe hoan thien han Tac gia Nguyen Sy Cirdng MUC LUC • • LOI CAM ON ! x •> X DANH MUC SO DO, BANG BIEU CAC KY HIEU, CAC CHU VIET TAT TOM TAT LUAN VAN a r x LOI NOI DAU CHUONG 1: NHUNG VAN DE LY LUAN CHUNG VE THUONG VU TRONG THUC DAY XUAT KHAU HANG HOA VA KINH NGHIEM quoc tE 1.1 Nhfi’ng van de chung ve Thuong vu 1.1.1 Khai niem va chuc nang cua Thuong vu 1.1.2 Nhiem vu va quyen han cua Thuong vu 1.1.3 Che lam viec cua Thuong vu 1.1.4 Phan loai Thuong vu 10 1.1.5 Cac yeu cau doi voi Thuong vu 15 1.2 Cac hoat dong cua Thuong vu thuc day xuat khau hang hoa 21 1.2.1 Tim hieu thi truong nuoc ngoai 21 1.2.2 Cap nhat thong tin thuong mai chuyen sau 22 1.2.3 Bao cao thuong mai theo muc tieu 23 1.2.4 Tong hop danh gia thi truong 23 1.2.5 Nghien cuu thi truong 24 1.2.6 Don tiep va to chuc lam viec cho cac phai doan thuong mai 25 1.2.7 Dai dien ban hang 27 1.2.8 Xuly thuhoi hang 277 1.2.9 Quang ba thuong mai 28 1.2.10 Hoi cho va trien lam thuong mai 29 1.2.11 Ho tro xu ly cac van de tranh chap phap ly thuong mai quoc te 31 1.3 Cac yeu to anh hudng den hoat dong cua Thuong vu 31 1.3.1 Cac quy dinh cua cac co quan quan ly nha nuoc 31 1.3.2 Vai tro cua cac to chuc, hiep hoi 37 1.3.3 Cong dong cac doanh nghiep 39 1.4 Kinh nghiem hoat dong cua Thuong vu mot so nuoc thuc day xuat khau hang hoa va bai hoc doi voi Viet Nam 40 1.4.1 Kinh nghiem cua mot so nuoc 40 1.4.2 Bai hoc doi voi Viet Nam 49 CHVONG 2: THUC TRANG HOAT DONG CUA THVONG W • • • • • _ r x x x ■* r VIET NAM TRONG THUC DAY XUAT KHAU HANG HOA CUA VIET NAM VAO KHU vUc CHAU A - THAl BINH DVONG 52 • • 2.1 Qua trinh hinh va phat trien cua Thuong vu Viet Nam 52 2.1.1 Su can thiet phai lap Thuong vu 52 2.1.2 Qua trinh phat trien Thuong vu 5)7 2.2 Moi quan he thuong mai quoc te giua Viet Nam va Khu vuc Chau A - Thai Binh Duong hien 61 2.3 Thuc trang hoat dong cua Thuong vu Viet Nam tai Khu vuc Chau A - Thai Binh Duong 65 2.3.1 Giai doan truoc nam 1993 66 2.3.2 Giai doan tu nam 1993 den 68 2.4 Danh gia thuc trang cua hoat dong Thuong vu Viet Nam thuc day xuat khau hang hoa 79 2.4.1 Ket qua dat dupc 79 2.4.2 Han che 82 2.4.3 Nguyen nhan .85 CHUONG 3: PHUONG HUONG VA GIAI PHAP NHAM TANG CUONG HOAT DO NG CUA THUONG VU VU T NAM TRONG 87 • • E • • THUC DAY XUAT KHAU HANG HOA VIET NAM 87 3.1 Du' bao xuat khau vg xu hiuo’ng phat trien cua th; truing khu vuc Chau A - Thai Binh Duo’ng 877 3.1.1 Du kien xuat khau vao khu vuc nam 2009 877 3.1.2 Du bao xuat khau vao khu vuc den nam 2015 90 3.1.3 Nhung xu huong phat trien 92 3.2 Nhung co1 hoi va thach thuc doi vol he thong Thwong vu Viet Nam gia nhap WTO 94 3.2.1 Co hoi 95 3.2.2 Thach thuc 96 r a 3.3.Phir r C/O GATT r A •> GNP Gross National Product ICC International Chamber of rnp A Q I •> A r A J A Tong san pham quoc dan A A Phong Thuong mai QuOc te Commerce IMF International Monetary Quy tien te quOc te Fund 10 11 JETRO KOTRA Japan Export Trade TO chuc Xuc tien Mau dich Research Organization Nhat Ban Korea Trade Investment TO chuc Xuc tien Thuong Promotion Corporation mai va Dau tu Han QuOc 12 UN 13 UNCTAD United Nations Lien hop quoc United Nations Commission Uy ban Lien hop quoc ve on Trade and Development Thuong mai va phat trien United Nations on Industrial To chuc ve phat trien cong Development Orgnization nghiep cua Lien hop quoc United Nations on Trade Chuong trinh phat trien cua and Development Lien hop quoc Vietnam Chamber of Phong Thuong mai va Cong Commerce and Industry nghiep Viet Nam Vietnam - Japan Economic Hiep dinh doi tac kinh te Partnership Agreement Viet nam - Nhat Ban World Bank Ngan hang the gibi World Trade Organization To chuc Thuong mai the gibi r 14 15 16 UNDO UNDP VCCI r 17 VJEPA x r r 18 WB 19 WTO DANH MUC SO DO, BANG BIEU Hinh 2.1: Ty xuat khau theo khu vuc thi truong nam 2008 62 r r Hinh 2.2 : Ty xuat khau sang 10 nuoc ban hang ion nhat cua Viet Nam nam 2008 62 Hinh 2.3 : Ty xuat khau cua Viet Nam sang cac thi truong chu iuc thuoc khu vuc Chau A - Thai Binh Duong nam 2008 64 Hinh 2.4 : Kim ngach xuat khau sang Nhat Ban, Trung Quoc va ASEAN cac thang nam 2008 65 Hinh 3.1: Du bao ty xuat khau theo khu vuc thi truong nam 2009 88 Hinh 3.2 : Du bao ty xuat khau cua Viet Nam sang cac thi truong chu iuc thuoc khu vuc Chau A - Thai Binh Duong nam 2009 90 / A Hinh 3.3 Du bao xuat khau hang hoa vao khu vuc thi truong Chau A - Thai Binh Duong den nam 2015 91 TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN **$ NGUYEN SY CIONG THUONG VU TRONG THUC DAY XUAT KHAU HANG HOA CUA VIET NAM VAO KHU VlfC CHAU A - THAI BINH DUONG Chuyen nganh Kinh t& Doi ngoai TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY Ha Noi, nam 2009 ■ 113 11 Bo Thuong mai (nay la Bo Cong Thuong) (2006,2007,2008) , Tai lieu phuc vu Hoi nghi Tham tan thuong mqi,VVa Noi r 12 Chinh phu (1994), Nghi dinh quy dinh chi tiet thi hanh Phap lenh ve Cor quan dai dien nude cong hod xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam d nudc ngoai, Ha Noi (Nghi dinh so 183/CP 18 thang 11 nam 1994) 13 Cue Xuc tien Thuong mai (2003), Cong tac Dai dien thucmg mai tai nudc ngoai, Nxb Bo Van hoa Thong tin, Ha Noi 14 Cue Xuc tien Thuong mai (2005), Cac to chuc ho tro thuong mai tren the gidi, Nxb Bo Van hoa Thong tin, Ha Noi 15 To Xuan Dan (1999), Giao trinh kinh tehoc Quoc te, Nxb Thong ke, Ha Noi 16 Nguyen Tail Dung (2006), Gia nhap WTO, co hoi thach thuc va hanh dong cua chung ta, Thdi bao Kinh te Viet Nam sd -7 /11/2006 17 Trong Ho (2008), Vai trd Thuong vu trudc yeu cau mdi, Bao Doi ngoai Viet Nam Economic News, Ha Noi r 18 r r •> Thanh Huong (2008) , Nam 2009 phan dau kim ngach xuat nhap khau dat 72 ty USD, Bao dien tu Cong Thuong http://www.Baothuongmai.vn 19 Nguydn Thuong Lang (2007), Mon hoc Ly thuye't thuong mai va dau tu- Bai giang cao hoc chuyen nganh Kinh te'Dd'i ngoai “Ly thuye't thuong mai va dau tuquoc te” , Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan, Ha Noi 20 Vu Tien Loe (2002), Phuong hudng va cac gidi phap tiep tuc doi mdi to chuc va hoat dong cua phong Thuong mai va Cong nghiep Viet Nam hoc Kinh te quoc dan, Ha Noi 21 Thuy Tam (2008) , Doi mdi vai trd cua Tham tan Thuong mai, Bao dien r tu Dai tieng noi Viet Nam http://beta.Baomoi.com 114 22 Le Thang (2008) , Bo Cong Thuong Id chuc lap boi during kien thuc ve cong tac Thuong vu , Bao dien tu Cong Thuong cap nhat 16h 36 03 thang 11 nam 2008 http://www.Baothuongmai.vn 23 Le Thang (2008), Nhiem vu cua cac Thuong vu la tim bien phap thuc day x xuat khau mang tinh ben vung, Bao dien tu Cong Thuong r t http://www.Baothuongmai.vn 24 Trinh Thanh Thuy (2002) , Mo hinh to chuc Trung tam Thuong mai Viet Nam d thi trudng ngoai nudc , De tai nghien cuu khoa hoc cap Bo (ma so de tai 2001 - 78 - 032), Ha Noi 25 Thu tudng Chinh phu , Quyet dinh ve viec “Phe duyet de an phat trien xuat khau giai doan 2006 - 2010 ”, Ha Noi 26 Luong Van Tu (2007), Cac cam ket gia nhap to chuc Thuong mai the gidi cua Viet Nam, giay phep xuat ban so 919-2007/CXB/01-196/LDXH 27 Le Huu NghTa , Le Danh VTnh (2006), Thuong mai 20 nam doi mdi, Nxb Chinh tri Quoc Gia, Ha Noi 28 Vien Nghien cuu Thuong mai (2008) , Thuong mai Viet Nam qua r r r trinh Hoi nhap Kinh te Quoc te, Ha Noi 29 VietNam Trade Promotion Investment of VietNam Facts Agency (2007,2008), and Figures, 30 http://beta.Baomoi.com 31 http://www.Baothuongmai.vn 32 http://www.chinhphu.vn 33 http://www.ecvn.com and Publication licence number 163-2007/CXB/312-05/GTVT date 14/12/2007 Cac trang Web: Trade 115 34 http://www.Intracen.org 35 http://www.moit.gov.vn 36 http://www.mpi.gov.vn 37 http://www.nciec.gov.vn 38 http://www.Thuongvuvietnam.gov.vn 39 http://www.Vietrade.gov.vn 40 http://www VCCl.com.vn 116 PHU • LU •C PHU • LUC • BANG KIEM DINH NOI DUNG TAI LIEU KHAO CUU QUOC GIA A Thong tin chung Dat nuoc va ngudi Dia ly kinh te - Dien tich - Dan so (theo chung toc, ton giao, mat do, thu nhap, trinh hoc r r r van, tuoi va gioi tinh, toc tang dan so hang nam) - Ngon ngu (chinh thuc, kinh doanh, cac thu tieng dia phuong khac) - Cac khu vuc va trung tam thuong mai va cong nghiep chu yeu r (ten va mat tap trung chu yeu) - Dia ly va hau (vi va kinh do, dia hinh, nhiet trung binh, cao nhat va thap nhat hang ngay, luong mua, am) Hinh thuc chinh the r - Hien phap (quan chu, lien bang, cong hoa, ) - Quyen han cua chinh phu trung uong va dia phuong - Moi trudng chinh tri - Chinh sach kinh te va xa hoi A So lieu kinh te co ban Cac chi so kinh te - Dong tien quoc gia, ty gia hoi doai va su on dinh 117 Can can toan, du tru ngoai te, tinh hinh no nuoc ngoai - r-j-i /X I 9 /X Z /X A • Tong san pham quoc noi - - Chi sO gia tieu dung va ban buon Co cau kinh te hien tai - Ty cong nghiep tOng san pham quOc noi tai thoi gia hien - Co cau lao dong theo nganh B Tiep can thi truong Chinh sach nhap khau chung Thanh vien cua cac lien minh hai quan hoac khu vuc mau dich tu do, WTO, Cac quan he thuong mai dac biet r r r t Cap giay phep xuat khau - Cac loai giay phep - Co so phan cap giay phep cho nguoi nhap khau z Thu tuc cap giay phep r - He thOng thue quan nhap khau - He thOng phan loai (SITC, ) - Muc thue suat: co so tinh thue; co so cho cac thay dOi ve muc Z Z Z thue suat Cac quy dinh hai quan dac biet - Cac quy dinh ve phan loai hai quan dOi voi hang hoa - Cac quy dinh va thu tuc nhap cang - Cach su dung cang nhap khau tu va kho ngoai quan; khieu Z 118 nai va che tai phat; hang mau thuong mai, quang cao va bao bi gui hang qua buu dien Cac quy dinh va nhan to khac anh hudng den thuong mai Kiem soat ngoai hoi r r Cap giay phep Chuyen loi nhuan nudc ngoai Chuyen von ve nudc 9 X Kha nang chuyen doi tien te x r - Dat coc nhap khau va cac yeu cau can doi, - Cac quy dinh chong pha gia va gia tdi thieu doi vdi hang nhap khau X e r - Cac quy dinh ve thuc pham, y te, an toan va kiem dich - Cac quy dinh ve ky ma hieu, bao bi va nhan hieu hang hoa - Cac nganh cong nghiep cd loi ich thuong mai doi vdi dat nudc ban nhu: san xuat nong nghiep, lam nghiep, thuy san, chan nudi, r khai khoang, che tao, xay dung, dich vu cong cong Cac ke hoach phat trien kinh te - Thdi ky phat trien va nguon von phan bo - Phan bo nguon luc va tang trudng cho cac nganh diem X Chinh sach dau tu nudc ngoai r xx Cac van de ve ngan sach Cac co sd giao thong van tai va thong tin lien lac Duong bien - Cac cang chinh va tang cua cang 119 - Cac dich vu van tai dudng bien (tCr dat nudc ban) Duong khong - Cac san bay quoc te - Cac san bay van chuyen noi dia - Khdi luong hang hoa luu chuyen qua tung loai san bay - Dich vu giao nhan (tu dat nudc ban) r •> Dudng bo r a - Chieu dai cac tuyen dudng van tai chinh - Phuong tien: xe con, xe buyt, xe tai Dudng sat r a - Chieu dai cac tuyen dudng van tai chinh - Khdi luong hang hoa van chuyen < r \ Sd lieu ve ngoai thuong Sd lieu tong hop ve ngoai thuong - Tong kim ngach xuat nhap khau - Can can thuong mai - Cor cau kim ngach nhap khau theo nguon tai tro (thanh toan hoi r e r a doai, vien tro, cac nhap khau khac) - Bang sd huu cong nghiep, thuong hieu va ban quyen - Cac quy dinh ve canh tranh khong binh dang va han che thuong a mai - Thue - Tay chay chinh thuc va khong chinh thuc - Phap luat ve dai ly r 120 r y r Tom tat cac tai lieu ve van tai va cac tai lieu bat buoc khac - r r r C Cac yeu to tiep thi chung He thong nhap khau va phan phoi / Nhung nganh hang nhap khau chu yeu A Tinh hinh chung ve thi truong Cac xu hudng canh tranh Bao gia va cac dieu kien toan r A A Cac van de ve giao hang z a Tranh chap, tai va thu hoi no Cac phuong thuc va phuong tien xuc tien ban hang chu yeu D Cac phu luc can thiet - Cac tieu chuan duoc su dung: luong va don vi tinh; dac A A tinh ve nguon dien r r - Cac nganh cong nghiep che tao chu yeu va san luong - Cac cong ty cong nghiep va to chuc thuong mai - Cac phuong tien quang cao va truyen thong - Tu van kinh doanh cong nghiep + Nghien cuu thi truong + Khuyen mai + Quang cao - Cac to chuc nhap khau hang dau - Cac tuyen van tai bien chinh - Cac hang hang khong quoc te - Cac bo va cue lien quan bo may chinh phu (va chuc nang) z 121 - Cac co quan lap ke hoach, phat trien va cac co quan khac lien r quan den mua hang - Cac khu vuc mau dich tu •> r r Cac san pham xuat khau chu yeu - San pham: so luong va tri gia - Cac nuoc cung cap va tri gia Thuong mai voi dat nuoc ban - Kinh ngach nhap khau - Kim ngach xuat khau 122 PHU • LUC • BANG THONG TIN VE CAC BIEN PHAP KIEM SOAT NHAP KHAU A LE PHI Le phi thue z a Thue quan - Thue suat ap dung - Thue suat theo WTO - Thue suat theo cac hiep dinh khac r b Thue ngan sach Cac le phi bo sung a Phu phi va phu thu thue hai quan b Thue tieu thu dac biet doi voi uong, thuoc la va diem Z Z # X c Thue tieu thu dac biet doi voi san pham dau d Thue tieu thu dac biet doi voi cac san pham khong thuoc phan b va c d Thue dan tem nhap khau z Z Z Z e Thue chong tro cap cua nha nuoc doi voi hang nhap khau g Phi hoa don lanh su Le phi dich vu co tac dung tuong tu T-1 r r *,1* r A • A a I hue thong ke so lieu z z b Thue doi voi phuong tien van tai Thue doanh thu thu nhap khau a Thue gia tri gia tang 123 b THue doanh thu c Thue san xuat d Thue tieu thu B CAC HAN CHE BO SUNG Giay phep han che < a a a Giay phep dac biet doi vdi hang cam nhap khau A A b Giay phep cho nhung hang hoa duoc chi dinh va dupe cap dap ung y \ cac yeu cau ve hanh chinh r a c Giay phep cho nhung hang hoa dupc chi dinh va dupc cap theo yimg trudng hpp d Giay phep cap cd dieu kien mua hang hoa tai dia phuong « A • A d Giay phep cho hang nhap khau tu cac nudc doi tac cu the a A y y e Giay phep cap vdi dieu kien cd nguon tai trp tin dung tu ben ngoai Han ngach a Han ngach theo san pham b Han ngach theo nudc A c Han ngach theo thue d Han ngach theo tinh hinh xuat khau e Han ngach theo mua kinh doanh Cam nhap khau A a Cam hoan toan b Cam theo mua (nong san) A c Cam tam thdi d Cam nhung cd ngoai le vdi mot so nudc lua chon 124 d Cam vi muc dich thuong mai r r r t e Cam doi voi mot so khu vuc cua nuoc nhap khau •> r r g Cam nhap khau tu mot so nuoc duoc chi dinh C CAC BIEN PHAP TIEN TE• VA TAI CHINH • Dat coc trudc tien mua hang Che nhieu ty gia hoi doai Phan bo han che ngoai hoi r r Thue giao dich ngoai hoi Cac bien phap tien te va tai chinh D DINH GIA HAI QUAN TREN CO SO DON GIA CO DINH E DOC QUYEN THUONG MAI CUA NHA NUOC Mot dau mdi nhap khau Bao hiem hang hoa bat buoc Van tai hang hoa bat buoc Doc quyen thuong mai nha nudc F CAC HIEP DINH THUONG MAI U U DAI Cac hiep dinh da phuong ve uu dai thue quan r 't a Hiep dinh uu dai thue quan don theo vung, tieu vung b Hiep dinh uu dai thue quan kep theo vung, tieu vung r c Hiep dinh uu dai thue quan lien vung Hiep dinh uu dai thue quan song phuong Hiep dinh uu dai thue quan G THU TUC NHAP BIET • • KHAU DAC • • 125 PHU • LUC • BANG THONG TIN VE CONG TY XUAT KHAU Ten va dia chi cdng ty: S6: Thanh pho: Nuoc: Dien thoai: Fax: Nam lap: Chuc nang: Email: So nhan vien: Von: Tong doanh so: Nam: Ngan hang 1: Ngan hang 2: Nhom san pham Ghi chu: San pham So luong 126 PHU LUC • • BANG KIEM DINH NOI DUNG DANH GIA THI TRUING Tam quan cua thi trudng nuoc so tai, neu chi tiet ve quy mo, tiem nang phat trien, on dinh thi trudng, Thi phan cua hang xuat khau tong nuoc tren thi trudng nuoc so tai, so sanh voi thi phan cua cac nuoc canh tranh ' ' • Vi the cua hang xuat khau nuoc tren thi trudng nuoc so tai r r Nhung san pham nao tieu thu tot va khong tot ? Vi ? So sanh yr voi cac mat hang khac tuong tu ve gia ca, chat luong, uy tin, giao hang, r a •> Trien vong mo rong thi phan cho hang hoa xuat khau tu nuoc Nhung san pham nao co trien vong o thi trudng nuoc sof tai ? r r r Phuong thuc va loi the tiep thi cua doi thu canh tranh Ky thuat xuc tien Md ta nhung ky thuat truoc day da cong r r Cac xu huong ky thuat tiep thi va phan phoi Cac van de ve tai chinh 127 PHU LUC So* 1.1 Kenh tieu thu cho mot san pham