Quan hệ thương mại việt nam ba lan

=b _ TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN ■ ■ sosoOcaca DAI HQC KTQD TT.THdNG TIN THU VIEN PHONG LUAN AN- TU LIEU DO TH1 LAN PHUONG QUAN HE THUONG MAI VIET NAM - BA LAN • ■ ■ ■ CHUYEN NGANH: KINH TE THE GIGI VA QUAN Hfi kinh tE qu6c tE LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE • • , _ 77/5 S3 T2 Ngi/di hoong dan khoa hoc : TS BUI HUY NHUONG K W HA KOI, KAM 8011 11 — LO’I CAM DOAN Em xin cam doan bai luan van thac sy la cong trinh em tu nghien cuu dudi su huong dan cua TS Bui Huy Nhuong cung vdi su giup cua cac anh chi can bo nghien cuu tai Vien Nghien cuu Chau Au Trong qua trinh thuc hien Luan van thac sy, em co tham khao mot so tai lieu, luan van tot nghiep va cac sach bao co lien quan nhung khong he co su chep tu bit ky mot luan van nao Neu sai, em xin hoan toan chiu trach nhiem va moi hinh thuc ky luat cua Nha truong Ha Noi, thang 06 nam 2011 Hoc vien Do Thi Lan Phuong MUC LUC • • LOI CAM DOAN DANH MUC CAC CHLf VIET TAT DANH MUC BANG BIEU, HINH TOM TAT LUAN VAN LOI MO DAU CHUTONG 1: NHLfNG CO SO DE PHAT TRIEN QUAN HE THLONG MAI VIET NAM-BA LAN 1.1 Dae diem thi truong Ba Lan 1.1.1 Gidi thieu tong quan ve thi trudng Ba Lan 1.1.1.1 Toe tang truong GDP r ■> r 1.1.1.2 Co cau nen kinh te 1.1.1.3 Tinh trang that nghiep 1.1.1.4 Ty le lam phat .10 > r 1.1.1.5 Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai 11 1.1.1.6 Quan he quoc te 13 1.1.2 Ngoai thuong cua Ba Lan 13 1.1.2.1 Chinh sach ngoai thuemg cua Ba Lan 13 r •> 1.1.2.2 Tinh hinh xuat nhap khau hang hoa cua Ba Lan 22 1.2 Sy can thiet phai day manh hyp tac kinh te thirong mai Viet Nam - Ba Lan 29 1.2.1 Phat trien hop tac toan dien giira Viet nam va EU 29 1.2.2 Vai tro cua Ba lan EU, khu vuc va toan cau .30 \ r r 1.2.3 Su can thiet phai day manh hop tac kinh te thuong mai giua hai nude 32 CHlTONG 2: THU*C TRANG QUAN HE THUONG MAI VIET NAM - BA LAN GIAI DOAN 2000 - 2010 36 2.1 Thuc trang quan he thuong mai giu-a Viet Nam va Ba Lan 36 r •> 2.1.1 Xuat khau hang hoa tu Viet Nam sang Ba Lan 37 2.1.1.1 Kim ngach xuat khau hang hoa tic Viet Nam sang Ba Lan 37 2.1.1.2 Ca cau hang hoa xuat khau tic Viet Nam sang Ba Lan 38 2.1.2 Nhap khau hang hoa cua Viet Nam tu Ba Lan 47 2.1.2.1 Kim ngach nhap khau hang hoa cua Viet Nam tic Ba Lan 47 2.1.2.2 Co cau hang hoa nhap khau cua Viet Nam tic Ba Lan 48 2.2 Danh gia chung ve quan he hop tac thuong mai gifra hai nude nhung nam qua 50 2.2.1 Nhung ket qua dat duq'c quan he thuong mai giua hai nude 50 2.2.2 Nhung ton tai va nguyen nhan 53 2.2.2.1 Ton tai 53 2.2.2.2 Nguyen nhan 55 CHLONG 3: DINH HIONG VA MOT SO GIAI PHAP NHAM THUC DAY QUAN HE THUONG MAI VIET NAM - BA LAN 63 3.1 Quan diem va phuong huong phat trien quan he thuong mai giua Viet Nam va Ba Lan 63 3.1.1 Quan diem ve quan he thuong mai Viet Nam va Ba Lan 63 •7 3.1.2 Phuong huong phat trien quan he thuong mai giua Viet Nam va Ba Lan thdi gian tdi 64 r r 3.2 Mot so giai phap chu yeu nham thuc day quan he thuong mai Viet Nam - Ba Lan 67 3.2.1 Giaiphap vephia Nha nude 67 3.2.1.1 Tao mdi truong phap ly thuan lai 67 3.2.1.2 Xay dung he thong tieu chuan quoc gia mai 69 X 9 X 3.2.1.3 Cd chinh sack dan tu thick dang de phat trien ngudn nguyen lieu va cac nganh phu tra giup cac doanh nghiep chu dong san xuat xuat khau va gid thank san pham 69 3.2.1.4 Day manh cong tac xuc tien thuong mai 70 3.2.1.5 Phat trien cac nganh hang xuat khau chu luc 71 3.2.1.6 Ho tra doanh nghiep dau tu doi moi cong nghe 73 3.2.1 Nang cao vai tro cua cac hiep hoi nganh hang 74 3.2.1.8 Phat trien cac kenh toan ' .75 3.2.2 Giaiphap ve phia doanh nghiep 76 3.2.2.1 Lira chon phuang thuc kinh doanh va chu dong tham nhap cac kenh phan phoi ten thi truang Ba Lan 76 3.2.2.2 Xay dung thuong hieu cho hang hoa Viet Nam 78 3.2.2.3 Cai tien, nang cao chat luang san pham 79 r 3.2.2.4 Tich cue dp dung thuong mai dien tu kinh doanh xuat khau .81 3.2.2.5 Day manh cong tac dao tao, nang cao nang luc nghiep vu cho can bo 81 3.2.2.6 Tim ngudn tin dung ho tra de day manh xuat khau 82 KET LU AN 83 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 85 DANH MUC CAC C'HU VIET TAT APEC ASEAN ASEM CAP CCT CCP CEECs CO CITES EC EMU EU GSP HACCP HS IMF MFN OECD SEV SMEDF UNCTAD UN WB WTO : Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation - dien dan hop tac kinh te Chau A - Thai Binh Duong : Association of Southeast Asian Nations - hiep hoi cac nuoc Dong Nam A : Asia-Europe Meeting - hoi nghi cac nguyen thu quoc gia ve hop tac A-Au : Common Agricultural Policy - Chinh sach nong nghiep chung : Chinh sach thue quan : Chinh sach thuong mai chung : Central East European Countries - Cac nuoc Trung va Dong Au : Certificate of Original - Chung nhan xuat xu : Cong uoc thuong mai quoc te ve cac loai hang hoa nguy hiem : European Commision - Cong dong Chau Au : European Money Union - Lien minh tien te Chau Au : European Union - Lien minh chau au : Generalised Scheme of Preference - Chuong trinh uu dai thue quan cap : Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point - He thong phan tich moi nguy va xac dinh diem kiem soat : Harmonized System - He thong phan loai va ma hoa hang hoa : International Monetary Fund - quy tien te quoc te : Most favoured Nation - Quy che toi hue quoc : Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development - to chuc hop tac va phat trien kinh te : Hoi dong tuong tro kinh te : Small and medium Enterprise Developing Fund - Quy phat trien cac doanh nghiep vua va nho : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development - hoi nghi cua lien hop quoc ve thuong mai va phat trien : United Nations - lien hop quoc : World Bank - ngan hang the gioi : World Trade Organization - to chuc thuong mai the gioi DANH MUC BANG BIEU, HINH I BANG Bang 1.1: Kim ngach xuat nhap khau hang hoa cua Ba Lan 22 Bang 1.2: Nhung thi truong xuat khau lon cua Ba Lan 25 Bang 1.3: Nhung thi truong nhap khau chinh cua Ba Lan 28 Bang 2.1: Kim ngach mot go mat hang Viet Nam xuat khau gang Ba Lan 39 Bang 2.2: Nhap khau phile ca nuoc ngot dong lanh cua Ba Lan 41 Bang 2.3: Kim ngach mot go mat hang Viet Nam nhap khau tu Ba Lan 49 II HINH Hinh 1.1: Tang truong GDP cua Ba Lan giai doan 2000 -2012 Hinh 1.2: Ty le that nghiep tai Ba Lan giai doan 2001 - 2009 Hinh 1.3: Tang truong lam phat trung binh tai Ba Lan tu nam 2000-2008 10 x r Hinh 1.4: Dau tu truc tiep nuoc ngoai tai Ba Lan giai doan 2000-2008 .11 Hinh 1.5: Kim ngach xuat khau hang hoa cua Ba Lan 23 Hinh 1.6: Co cau mot so hang hoa xuat khau chinh cua Ba Lan nam 2008 24 Hinh 1.7: Kim ngach nhap khau hang hoa cua Ba Lan 26 Hinh 1.8: Co cau mot so hang hoa nhap khau chinh cua Ba Lan nam 2008 27 Hinh 2.1: Kim ngach xuat nhap khau giua VN va Ba lan giai doan 2000 - 2010 37 Hinh 2.2: Kim ngach xuat khau hang hoa giua Viet Nam va Ba lan 38 giai doan 2000-2010 38 Hinh2.3: Kim ngach nhap khau hang hoa cua Viet Nam tu Ba Lan 47 TRUONG DA I HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN ■ ■ BDJB>Og8G8 DO THI LAN PHUONG QUAN HE THtfUNG MAI VIET NAM - BA LAN CHUYEN NGANH: KINH tS THS GIOI VA QUAN HE KINH tS qu6c tS TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY • • HA N1.7 NAM 8011 73 quy md san xuat, nang cao trinh tiep thi san pham nham muc tieu tang khdi luong va nang cao hieu qua xuat khau nhung mat hang Trong nhung nam toi, co cau hang xuat khau cua Viet Nam se thay doi theo hudng tang nhanh ty nganh che bien, che tao va giam manh ty nganh nguyen lieu tho De cd co cau hang san xuat nhu vay, Nha nudc can cd chinh sach cu the khuyen khich doanh nghiep thuoc cac nganh cong nghiep che bien va che tao dau tu theo chieu sau de nang cao chat luong, gia tri gia tang, tinh doc dao va tinh khac biet cua san pham, da dang hoa cac mat hang nham tang khdi luong va nang cao hieu qua xuat khau Doi vdi cac doanh nghiep Ion cua Nha nudc thuoc nganh dien tu, tin hoc, vien thdng, Nha nudc can cd chinh sach ho tro ve von va khuyen khich ho tap trung nghien cuu co ban de tao cac san pham cong nghe cao 3.2.1.6 Hd tra doanh nghiep dau tu doi mai cong nghe Cd each de nhap khau dupe cong nghe nguon la dau tu cua chinh phu va thu hut cac nha dau tu tu EU va Ba lan Tuy nhien, Viet Nam la nudc ngheo nen kinh phi danh cho dau tu cua Chinh Phu rat han hep, chi cd the uu tien cho cac nganh diem Thu hut cac nha dau tu Ba Lan tham gia vao qua trinh san xuat hang xuat khau tai Viet Nam la bien phap toi uu de Viet Nam nhap dupe cong nghe nguon tir Ba Lan va sir dung cong nghe dat hieu qua cao dieu kien chung ta thieu von va trinh han che Hon nua, cac doanh Ba Lan da tung ap dung tot cac nhu cau khat khe cua thi trudng EU, vi vay co the tin tudng rang vdi su gop mat cua cac nha dau tu Ba Lan, hang hda Viet Nam cd the chiem linh dupe thi trudng noi rieng va cac thi trudng tren toan cau noi chung vdi chat luong cao, kieu dang phong phu, da dang va dap ung tot cac tieu chuan ve sinh mdi trudng Vi vay Nha nudc can cd chinh sach uu dai danh rieng cho cac nha dau tu Ba Lan ngoai nhung uu dai ma ho dupe hudng theo luat dau tu nudc ngoai cua 74 Viet Nam, chang han nhung uu dai ve thue suat lai turc, thue chuyen loi nhuan nudc ngoai d muc thap nhat 3.2.1.7 Nang cao vai tro cua cac hiep hoi nganh hang Cac hiep hoi nganh hanh la cac to chuc phi chinh phu, tap hop va dai dien cho cac doanh nghiep san xuat, che bien, kinh doanh tung ngang hang, dupe lap tren co sd tu nguyen nham phoi hpp co hieu qua cac hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh tren thi trudng va ngoai nudc Thuc tien cho thay xu the hoi nhap, Nha nudc it can thiep vao hoat dong kinh doanh thi vai tro cua Hiep hoi nganh hang cang trd nen quan trong viec dinh hudng cho cac doanh nghiep Cac hiep hoi nganh hang can phat huy tac dung viec true tiep tham gia xuc tien thuong mai, quang ba va gidi thieu san pham cua cac doanh nghiep hoi vien tren thi trudng, cung cap thong tin cho cac doanh nghiep ve tinh hinh thi trudng, cung cau, thi hieu, sd thich ngudi tieu dung EU noi chung va Ba Lan noi rieng Thay mat cac doanh nghiep viec dam phan, ky ket cac hiep dinh thuong mai, bao ve loi ich cho cac doanh nghiep can thiet Trong thdi gian tdi can tiep tuc nang cao hon nua vai tro cua hiep hoi nganh hang linh vuc hpp tac quoc te, thong nhat hanh dong cac pham mot each co hieu qua nhat, dam bao loi ich cua cac doanh nghiep De lam x >%- X dupe dieu ben canh nd luc tu than cua cac Hiep hoi Nha nudc can phai sdm ban hanh he thong van ban phap ly dieu chinh hoat dong va quy dinh ro chuc nang, quyen han cua cac Hiep hoi Nha nudc nen khuyen khich cac Hiep hoi tu lap cac quy phong ngtra rui ro cho nganh cua minh, nhat la nhung nganh cd khdi luong xuat khau tuong doi ldn Ben canh viec phan dinh rd trach nhiem cua Nha nudc, Hiep hoi nganh hang va doanh nghiep, can chu xay dung co che phoi hpp giua cac nhom chu the tren de dam bao hieu qua cua cong tac tiep can va md rong thi trudng Nhu da phan tich, vai trd chu yeu cua Nha nudc se la tao hang lanh phap ly va 75 moi trurong kinh doanh thuan lpi de cac doanh nghiep chu dong tiep can va tham nhap thi trudng Ba Lan Trong mdi quan he do, chuc nang cua Hiep hoi viec lam cau noi giua Nha nudc va doanh nghiep la het sue quan Thong qua Hiep hoi, cac kien nghi, kho khan cua doanh nghiep se dupc phan anh chinh xac va nhanh chong tdi cac co quan quan ly Nha nudc, dong thdi Hiep hoi cung cd the de xuat, tham muu cho Nha nudc viec ban hanh cac chinh sach quy dinh phu hop vdi yeu cau phat trien cua nganh Ngoai can tang cudng su phoi hop giua Nha nudc, hiep hoi nganh hang va doanh nghiep viec day manh xuat khau hang hda vao thi trudng Ba Lan 3.2.1.8 Phat trien cac kenh toan Trong hoat dong xuat nhap khau thi ngan hang dong mot vai trd vo cung quan Viec chuyen va nhan tien mua ban hang hda giua cac ben thudng phai qua ngan hang lam trung gian, ben xuat khau nhd cd ngan hang dung dam bao se tra tien mdi tien hanh chuyen hang cho ben nhap khau, nhat la nhung thi trudng cdn xa la, khong buon ban thudng xuyen vdi Viet Nam Ben canh do, vdi trinh phat trien han che cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam thudng chon phuong phap toan bang tin dung chung tu Do de hoat dong xuat nhap khau phat trien thi ngan hang can phai phat trien trudc mot budc Viec tang cudng hop tac giua cac ngan hang d Viet Nam vdi cac ngan hang d EU nhat dinh se giup cho hoat dong xuat nhap khau cang phat trien Theo ngan hang Nha nudc, viec thiet lap cac chi nhanh ngan hang Viet Nam tai Ba lan se cho phep ngan hang Viet Nam thu hut them duoc mot cong dong ldn ngudi Viet lam an va sinh song tai Ba Lan, Ngan hang Nha nudc cung nhan dinh lac quan ve mdi quan he giua cac ngan hang Viet Nam va EU Hien cac ngan hang thuong mai Viet Nam deu cd quan he vdi hau het cac ngan hang EU thong qua viec tri tai khoan bang dong Euro, USD va mot so ngoai te manh 76 Do hoat dong xuat nhap khau giua Viet Nam va cac quoc gia moi va cu cua EU cang phat trien nen ngan hang Ngoai thuong, ngan hang Cong thuong, ngan hang dau tu va phat trien cua Viet Nam dang nghien cuu viec dang ki thuong hieu, mo van phong dai dien, lap cong ty kieu hoi tai cac nuoc EU Cac ngan hang cua Viet Nam cung dang day manh hop tac linh vuc hop tac linh vuc kieu hoi trudc het d nhung nuoc co dong ngudi Viet Nam.” Cac ngan hang Viet Nam can sdm md chi nhanh tai Ba Lan de ho trp khau toan xuat nhap khau cho cac chu the kinh te giua hai nudc To cong tac ve hop tac ngan hang cua hai nudc can sdm di vao hoat dong va ban nhung bien phap de bao lanh va tai bao lanh tin dung cho xuat khau cac nhan hang thuong mai hai nudc tien hanh cap tin dung va toan Chinh phu can cho phep cac DN Viet Nam dupe phep ban hang cho Ba lan dudi dang ky gui tra cham Ap dung hinh thuc thuc te la phan nao Viet Nam phai chap nhan su rui ro toan va cham luu chuyen von nhung de dat dupe muc dich la chiem linh va dan dan phat trien thi trudng Ben canh do, Nha nudc van nen tiep tuc khuyen khich hinh thuc hang doi hang mac du day chi la mot giai phap tinh the va ban than hinh thuc cung gap nhung kho khan, bdi cd the hai ben khong can nhung mat hang cua hoac tri gia trao doi khong tuong xung, song hinh thuc cung phan nao gop phan nang kim ngach xuat nhap khau cua hai nudc 3.2.2 Giaiphap vephia doanh nghiep 3.2.2.1 Lua chon phuong thuc kinh doanh va chu dong tham nhap cac kenh phan phoi ten thi trudng Ba Lan Mot la, xuat khau qua trung gian: la dudng ma rat nhieu doanh nghiep Viet Nam, nhat la nganh giay dep va det may da ap dung de tham nhap thi trudng Ba Lan Khi thi trudng Ba lan sau mot thdi gian chuyen doi co che da trd nen rat mdi me va bo ngo doi vdi doanh nghiep Viet Nam, hon nua cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam thieu kinh nghiem ve thuong trudng nen khong thiet lap 77 duac quan he ban hang true tiep vdi cac doi tac d cac quoc gia Do vay cac doanh nghiep nudc ta da phai xuat khau qua cac ban hang trung gian ma chu yeu la d Chau A Hai la, xuat khau true tiep: day la hinh thuc lau dai va co hieu qua de tham nhap thi trudng Ba lan hien va tuong lai cua cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam Hinh thuc doi hoi doanh nghiep phai tu lo ban true tiep cac san pham cua minh nudc ngoai ma khong qua trung gian, ap dung doi vdi cac doanh nghiep cd trinh va qui mo san xuat ldn, duac phep xuat khau true tiep, cd kinh nghiem tren thuong trudng, nhan hieu hang hoa truyen thong cua doanh nghiep da timg cd mat tren thi trudng the gidi Su cong hay that bai cua xuat khau true tiep la doanh nghiep cd nam chac thi trudng thu thap va xu ly day du ve thong tin thi trudng, tim hieu ki doi thu canh tranh hay khong Hinh thuc giup doanh nghiep chu dong viec hoach dinh chien luac san xuat, kinh doanh, dem lai lai nhuan cao nhung gap nhieu rui ro neu doanh nghiep it am hieu thi trudng the gidi Cd the thong qua hinh thuc: md van phong dai dien d nudc ngoai, tham du hoi cho trien lam quoc te de gidi thieu doanh nghiep san pham hoac tim doi tac Ba la, lien doanh: cd the dudi hinh thuc su dung giay phep, nhan hieu hang hoa Hien tai hang Viet Nam chua co danh tieng tren thi trudng EU, nang luc canh tranh yeu, chinh vi the lien doanh dudi hinh thuc su dung giay phep, nhan hieu hang hoa va ten thuong pham co the la bien phap tot nhat de cac nha xuat khau Viet Nam tham nhap de dang hon vao thi truang r \ r r Doi vdi cac doanh nghiep vica va nhd, tiem luc kinh te han che nen cd the lien ket vdi cong ddng ngudi Viet Nam tai Ba Lan de dau tu san xuat nhung mat hang ma thi trudng dang co nhu cau ldn Hop tac kinh doanh co the dudi hinh thuc lien doanh.Thanh lap lien doanh theo hinh thuc chu doanh nghiep la Viet kieu tai Ba Lan vdi cac doanh nghiep nuac, su dung lao dong, nguyen lieu, nha xuong cua phia Viet Nam va su dung kenh phan phoi , su nhay 78 ben kinh doanh cua phia nudc ngoai Phia Viet Nam se chiu trach nhiem san xuat hang hda theo dung thiet ke, phia nudc ngoai se chiu trach nhiem tieu thu hang hda Bang each nay, hang hda duoc san xuat se dap ung tot thi hieu luon thay doi cua ngudi tieu dung Hon nua, nha xuat khau Viet Nam khong nen qua chu vao nhung tap doan kinh doanh ldn, chudi sieu thi d Ba Lan ma bo qua nhung doanh nghiep vira va nho d thi trudng Luong hang nho, van chuyen nhanh, cudc phi van chuyen thap, de thu hoi va quay vong dong von la nhung diem ma cac doanh nhan tai Ba Lan dat len hang dau Doi voi cac doanh nghiep Ion, cd tiem lire kinh te manh han co the lien doanh de trd cong ty cua mot so cong ty xuyen quoc gia Ba Lan Bang each nay, cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam cd the tham nhap true tiep vao cac kenh phan phoi tren thi trudng Ba lan de hang hoa cua Viet Nam duoc dua vao thi trudng ban Sap xep, to chuc va xay dung he thong mang ludi tieu thu hang hoa tai Ba lan Dac biet canh tranh thu mang ludi kinh doanh cua ngudi Viet Nam tai Ba lan de tieu thu hang hoa xuat khau cua Viet Nam Chinh phu Viet Nam can dat van de vdi chinh phu Ba lan ung ho va tao dieu kien thuan loi cho ngudi Viet phat huy duoc het kha nang cua minh nhu cho phep dinh cu, dang ky ho khau, cho phep thue ngudi Viet lam viec tao dieu kien de ngudi Viet yen tam sinh song lau dai, on dinh, gop phan cung co phat trien mdi quan he thuong mai giua hai nudc 3.2.2.2 Xay dung thuong hieu cho hang hda Viet Nam Thuong hieu dong vai trd het sue quan trong viec xuc tien thuong mai, day chinh la hinh anh cua san pham, hinh anh cua doanh nghiep, the hien uy tin cua doanh nghiep va thay mat doanh nghiep cam ket vdi khach hang ve chat luong va an toan cua san san pham nen doi hoi mdi doanh nghiep phai cd trach nhiem hon vdi ten tuoi cua chinh minh Tren thuc te, mot sd mat hang cua Viet Nam chua cd uy tin tren thi trudng nudc ban, the hien qua viec hang Viet 79 Nam van phai xuat khau dudi nhan mac cua cac quoc gia khac nhu Dai Loan, Hong Kong( la nhung doi thu co uy tin tren thi trudng) De co the tao uy tin cho san pham khong each nao khac la phai nang cao chat lucmg san pham, xay dung thuong hieu hang hda tren thi trudng giam dan xuat khau qua trung gian va tung budc xuat khau true tiep Ngoai ra, de tham nhap tot hon vao thi trudng Ba lan cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam can giu uy tin cua minh giao thuong, tuan thu nghiem ngat cac dieu khoan cua hop dong, phai coi chuyen phat trien thuong hieu la chuyen song va la mot hoat dong mang tinh chien luge Day la cong viec mang tinh cap bach va lau dai doi vdi mdi doanh nghiep tren dudng tham nhap thi trudng cac quoc gia r r i 3.2.2.3 Cai tien, nang cao chat luong san pham Phat trien san pham dap ung nhu cau theo gia ca va quy each thdng qua viec tang cudng dau tu chieu sau, nang cao chat luong hang hda, gia san pham, nang cao kha nang canh tranh hang xuat khau Hang hoa la yeu to quan nhat quyet dinh kha nang md rong xuat khau cua Viet Nam vao bat ky thi trudng nao Vi the de dung vung tren thi trudng Ba Lan, hang hoa xuat khau cua Ba lan can tap trung giai quyet cac van de co ban la: Dam bao hang hoa dap ung cac tieu chuan va yeu cau phap ly thong qua viec tang cudng dp dung cac he thdng quan ly chat luong nhu ISO 9000, ISO 14000, HACCP, SA8000 de nang cao kha nang dap ung cac quy dinh va yeu cau cua EU noi chung va Ba Lan noi rieng ve chat luong, mdi trudng, lao dong DN can phai chap nhan va nang cao kha nang thich ung vdi nhung rao can ve ve sinh an toan thuc pham, chong ban pha gia, nhung rao can ky thuat khac cua cac thi trudng van minh Thay vi tu the bi dong nhu trudc, DN can chu dong ung > r > x quy trinh mdi ve tu chien luge, each dieu hanh bo may, dieu hanh hoat dong san xuat kinh doanh 80 Duy tri chat lupng san pham, co the khong can thiet phai la hang hoa chat luong cao vi quy luat la tien nao cua Dieu quan la chat luong hang phai on dinh phai tinh tdi kha nang thu hoi von nhanh va tinh hieu qua Dong thdi can tranh cac san pham vupt qua yeu cau khong can thiet vi dieu cd the khien gia cao len va ngudi tieu dung khong mua Tang cudng cong tac nghien cuu va phat trien (R&D) Trong thdi gian tdi day, de cd the nang cao dupe nang luc canh tranh, cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam can phai dau tu nhieu hon nua cho R&D de nam bat thi hieu cua ngudi tieu dung cd the dua dupe nhung san pham mdi, mau ma cai tien da dang, hap dan, chuan bi nhieu chung loai cho that phong phu cho du chi la mot mat hang de ngudi tieu dung cd the chon loai nao cung co, dap ung dupe nhu cau va thi hieu da dang, phong phu cua ngudi tieu dung tao loi the canh tranh cho san pham Tang cudng dau tu doi mdi cong nghe, gan nhap khau cong nghe tien r r t r tien, phu hop vdi xuat khau hang hoa Doi mdi cong nghe san xuat la mot nhung giai phap quan de nang cao kha nang canh tranh cua hang hoa tren thi trudng Mot mat, doi mdi cong nghe se lam giam gia san xuat, mat khac gop phan nang cao chat lupng san pham Tuy nhien, khong phai nhat thiet phai dau tu cong nghe qua cao, hien dai Van de la doanh nghiep can phai lua chon dupe cong nghe cho phu hpp vdi dieu kien san xuat, trinh tay nghe cua ngudi lao dong nham tdi uu hoa viec ket hpp cac ngudn luc dong thdi phu hpp vdi ngudn luc tai chinh cua doanh nghiep Cho tdi nay, Viet Nam van nhap khau may mdc cong nghe, thiet bi tu cac nudc chau A, mac du gia ca re hon so vdi cac khu vuc khac song chat lupng khong cao, san xuat cac san pham cd nang suat va chat lupng thap, kha nang canh tranh giam Trong quan he thuong mai vdi Ba lan, Viet Nam cd muc xuat sieu kha ldn, neu tang cudng nhap khau cong nghe ngudn tu EU se lam can can toan can bang, dap ung dupe cac yeu cau ve tieu chuan chat lupng hang hoa de vupt qua cac rao can, ddng thdi chung ta nhap khau cong nghe hien dai 81 phuc vu cho san xuat hang xuat khau, thay doi co cau hang xuat khau, nang cao kha nang canh tranh va hieu qua xuat khau noi chung sang thi trudng Ba lan va tir md rong thi trudng sang cac nudc EU Cong nghe nguon cua EU tien tien, hien dai chat luong cao song gia lai qua cao so vdi kha nang toan cua cac doi tac Viet Nam, nen co nhu cau dau tu vao linh vuc nao do, doanh nghiep Viet Nam thudng nghi tdi cac loai cong nghe cua khu vuc khac co thap hon song chat lupng kern hon va trinh thap hon Khi gia nhap WTO tham gia vao thi trudng quoc te co le giai phap huu hieu de trang bi cho hang hoa Viet Nam sire canh tranh quoc te la day manh nhap khau nguon tir EU thdi diem Viet Nam dang rat thieu von, nang luc va trinh quan ly san xuat thap va han che 3.2.2.4 Tich cu-c dp dung thuong mai dien tu kinh doanh xuat khau Cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam can day manh hon nua viec ap dung thuong mai dien tir vi thuong mai dien tir dem lai cho doanh nghiep Viet Nam nhung lpi ich to ldn nhu cung cap thong tin nhanh chong va cap nhap ve thi trudng doi tac, su bien dong gia ca, cung cau giam chi phi doanh nghiep va giup doanh nghiep tim kiem doi tac Ben canh viec xay dung website cho rieng minh la each de cung cap thong tin ve doanh nghiep va uy in cua doanh nghiep tren thi trudng, cac mat hang xuat khau de doi tac co the quyet dinh dat quan he hop tac Website dupc vi nhu mot van phong ao, nd gop phan xay dung uy tin, hinh anh cho doanh nghiep, chi phi lai thap vi de tri mot van phong dai dien doi hoi chi phi cao va doi khong co hieu qua 3.2.2.5 Day manh cong tac dao tao, nang cao nang luc nghiep vu cho cdn bo Doanh nghiep can phai chu cong tac dao tao de nang cao nang luc can bo va cong nhan ki thuat vi ho la nhan to khong the thieu de nang cao nang luc canh tranh cua hang hoa Viet Nam tren thi trudng quoc te Tung doanh nghiep can danh mot phan ngan qui nhat dinh cho hoat dong va phai biet tan dung cac chuong trinh dao tao can bo va cong nhan ki thuat cua Chinh phu de cu 82 can bo cua minh tham gia Ben canh cac doanh nghiep can chu dao tao ca can bo quan ly lan can bo ki thuat, thuong mai, cong nhan ki thuat Khong chi dao tao lai cac can bo da qua dao tao nhung trinh han che ma chu dao tao cac can bo tre co nang luc de co doi ngu can bo gioi va cong nhan lanh nghe Doi vdi can bo thuong mai, ngoai nang cao nang luc chuyen mon ma can trau doi ca ngoai ngu vi ngoai ngu kem se rat kho giao dich va dam phan Cac doanh nghiep can thuong xuyen kiem tra trinh can bo cua minh de co phuong hudng dao tao thich hop 3.2.2.6 Tim nguon tin dung ho tro de day manh xuat khau De han che bdi nhung kho khan ve von cac doanh nghiep can tiep can cac > r a nguon von cua ngan hang hay cac quy tin dung Ngoai ra, cac doanh nghiep can khai thac het tac dung tich cue cua quy ho trp xuat khau, quy phat tridn doanh nghiep vua va nhd tai Viet Nam(SMEDF) 83 KET LUAN Nghien cuu bdi canh kinh te Ba Lan, thi truong Ba lan va cac giai phap nham khoi phuc va phat trien quan he thuong mai giua hai nuoc Viet Nam - Ba lan hien la mot van de co tinh thdi su nham khoi phuc lai thi trudng xuat nhap khau Ba Lan cua Viet Nam da tung quen biet, thuc hien chu truong da phuong hoa, da dang hoa thi trudng ma Dang va Nha nuac da de ra, nang cao hon nua hieu qua cua cac mdi quan he thuong mai, gop phan thuc hien cac muc tieu phat trien kinh te, chinh tri, xa hoi cua dat nuac Viet Nam va Ba Lan deu la nhung quoc gia da va dang thuc hien chuyen doi nen kinh te tren ca sd nhung dieu kien cu the cua tung nudc Hai nudc co mdi quan he huu nghi hop tac truyen thong tot dep 60 nam qua va Viet Nam hien dung vi tri sd mot mdi quan tarn cua Chinh phu Ba Lan tai khu vuc Dong-Nam A Quan he buon ban va hop tac kinh te giua Viet Nam va Ba Lan duac cai thien rd ret nhung nam gan day va dang dung trudc trien •> r A vong phat trien tot dep, bdi Ba Lan da gia nhap Lien minh chau Au (EU) va ca Viet Nam va Ba Lan da cung la vien To chuc Thuong mai the gidi (WTO) Noi dung luan van da cd gang khac hoa buc tranh tong quat ve thi trudng Ba lan, giup ta thay duac tiem nang cung nhu su can thiet phai day manh quan he thuong mai Viet Nam Ba lan Tac gia cung da lam ro thuc trang quan he thuong mai Viet Nam - Ba lan thdi ky 2000-2010 Ddng thdi co nhung nhan dinh danh gia khach quan nhung ket qua dat duac cung nhu nhung han che, bat cap cua quan he thuong mai giua hai nudc Sau khai quat tuong doi rd net thi trudng Ba lan, phan tich thuc trang ngoai thuong cua Ba lan va quan he thuong mai Viet Nam - Ba Ian cung nhu bdi day manh quan he thuong mai Viet Nam- Ba lan 84 Cuoi cung, xin cho phep tac gia duoc bay to long biet on chan nhat toi Ban Giam hieu Trudng Dai Hoc Kinh te quoc dan cung cac thay co giao khoa Kinh te Doi ngoai da truyen dat nhung kien thuc vd cung quy bau suot thdi gian hoc tap Dac biet, tac gia xin gui loi cam on sau sac nhat den Tien sy Bui Huy Nhuong ngudi da nhiet tinh hudng dan va chi bao tac gia qua trinh nghien cuu va thuc hien luan van Tac gia cung xin cam on tap the can bo Vien Nghien cuu Chau Au, Cue xuc tien thuong mai, Vu chinh sach va thuong mai da bien cung toan the gia dinh, ban be va dong nghiep da nhiet tinh hudng dan, cung cap tai lieu, giup va dong vien tac gia suot qua trinh hoan luan van Day la mot de tai rong, vdi pham vi va doi tupng nghien cuu kha nhieu nhung lai bo hep khuon kho mot luan van vdi dung luong han che, nen van nhieu van de chua dupe di sau khai thac va phan tich triet de, vi vay luan van kho tranh khdi nhung thieu sot, tac gia kinh mong nhan dupe su gop y, chi bao cua cac thay cd giao de luan van dupe hoan chinh hon 85 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO • • Tieng Viet Do Due Binh - Nguyen Thuong Lang (2005) “Giao trinh kinh te qudc te”, NXB Lao dong - Xa hoi Nguyen Duy Bot “Thuong mai quoc te va phat trien thi trudng xuat AAuw”,NXB Thdng ke Bai viet “Lien minh chau Au md rong va kha nang hap tac cua Viet Nam ”, Nguyen Quang Thuan - Tap chi nhung van de kinh te va chinh tri the gidi (sd 1/2004) Bai viet “Quan he Viet Nam - Ba Lan boi canh quoc te mai”, Nguyen Quang Thuan - Tap chi Nghien cuu Chau Au - Nam 2007 Bai viet “Thuc Pang va trien vong quan he hap tac kinh te giua Viet Nam - Ba Lan ”, Nguyen Trong Hau - Tap chi Nghien cuu Chau Au Nam 2008 De tai nghien cuu cap vien (2003) “Quan he thuang mai Viet Nam- EU tien trinh ma rong EU”, Dinh Thi Ngoc Bich, Vien nghien cuu chau Au Luan van thac si (2005) “Xuat khau hang hda cua Viet Nam sang EU boi canh EUmarong”, Nguyen Thi Hang Nga Vu Chi Loe (2004) “Gidi phap day manh hang hoa cua Viet Nam sang thi trudng chau Au ”, NXB Ly luan chinh tri, Ha Noi Nguyen Quang Thuan, Nguyen An Ha (2005) “Cac nudc Dong Au gia nhap Lien minh chau Au va nhirng tac dong den Viet Nam ”, NXB Khoa hoc xa hoi, Ha Noi 10 Vo Thanh Thu (2005) “Quan he kinh te qudc te ”, NXB Thong ke 11 Dinh Cong Tuan (2007) “Quan he kinh te Viet Nam — EU nam 2007, ’ * Thuc trang va trien vong”, tap chi Vien nghien curu chau Au 86 12 Tran Nguyen Tuyen (2005) “Thuc trang va trien vongphat trien quan he kinh te Viet Nam - EU”, Tap chi nhung van de kinh te va chinh tri the gioi (so 63) 13 Do Huu Vinh (2006) “Marketingxuat nhap khau”, NXB Tai chinh Tieng Anh Basic Information-Poland Christopher M.Dent (1999) “The EUropean Union and East Asian and Economic Relationship Routledge, London Ministry of Economy-Warsaw 2009 “Poland 2009 Report economy” Ministry of Economy-Analyses and Forecasting Department-Warsaw July 2010 “Polish foreign trade outlook at the end of May 2010” Sung-Hoon Park va HEUngchong Kim (2005) “Asia Strategy of EUropean Union and Asia-EU relationship: basic concepts ang new developments 87 Trang web www.baomoi.com/Info www.Centreurope.org: Poland section www.chamberofcommerce.pl/ www europa.eu.int www.gso.gov.vn Trang web cua Tong cue thong ke www.hanoimoi.com www.kinhtenongthon.com.vn www.mfa.gov.pl www.mofa.gov.vn/ 10 www.moit.gov.vn Bo Cong Thuong 11 www.polandembaasy.org 12 www.poland.gov.pl-the governmental page about Poland for international visitors 13 wwww Poland main cities satellite views Latitude and longitude coordinates 14 www.Polish Forums - discussions about Poland and Polish people 15 www.taichinhdientu.vn 16 www.tinkinhte.com 17 www.vass.gov.vn Trang web cua vien khoa hoc xa hoi Viet Nam 18 www.vovnews.vn Trang web bao dien tu dai tieng noi Viet Nam 19 www.vietnamnet.vn 20 www vietinfo.eu 21 www.vneconomy.vn 22 www.vietrade.gov.vn 23 www.worldbank.org.pl 24 www.World History Database Chronology of Poland