Một số giải pháp nâng cao hiệu quả đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài tại việt nam

I TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN LE THI HAI VAN MOT SO GIAI FhAp NANG CAO HIEU QUA • • BAU TU TRUC TiEP NUOC NGOAI TAI VIET NAM A \ V ” _ ;UAN VAN THAC SY KiNH TE HA N()I - 2003 BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO TRUONG DAI HOC KINH IE QUOC DAN - ca - LETHIHAIVAN MOT SO GIAI PHAP NANG CAO HIEU QUA DAU TIT TRUrC TIER NlfOC NGOAI TAI VIET NAM LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE CHUYEN NGANH: KINH TE PHAT TRIEN Hircrng dan khoa hoc: PGS.TS Pliani Van Van Ila Noi - 2003 LOl CAM ON Trong qua trinh hoc tap, nghien curu va lam luan van tot nghiep, toi da nhan dupe sir giup tan tinh ciia tap the can bp, giang vien Khoa Sau dai hoc, Khoa Kinh te phat trien, Truong Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan da tao didu kien, huerng ddn noi dung, bo sung kien thuc, cung cap thong tin can thiet; toi da dupe sir hudng dfln nhict tinh, sau sat cua giao vien hircing dan, PGS.TS Pham Van Van; toi cung xin chan cam on Cue Dau tu nude ngoai, Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu cung toan the dong nghiep da cho toi nhung kien thurc thuc tidn, nhung so lieu cap nhat va nhung y kien dong gop quy bau; toi cung chan cam on gia dinh va ban be da luon tao dieu kien, giup do, dong vien toi hoan Luan van Cho phep toi dupe gui den Quy Khoa, Quy Co quan, cac Thay, Co, cac dong nghiep, gia dinh cung ban be Idi cam on chan va sau sac nhat Day la mot dP tai kho, phuc tap, pham vi nghien cuu rong, co nhiPu mat, nhicu khfa canh trubc day toi chua co diPu kien tim hieu, nghien cuu nhung thong qua viec thuc hien de tai, toi da co dieu kien tap trung nghien cuu, lam sang to them va dieu chac chan se giup cho toi co them nhung hieu biet cong tac va cuoc song thdi gian toi Qua trinh nghien cuu, thuc hien de tai da gap khong ft kho khan nhung toi da co gang, vdi nd lire cao nhat cua ban than hoan Luan van Tuy nhien, trinh cung nhu nang lire co han, Luan van khong the tranh khoi nhung thieu sot, khiem khuyet va nhung han che nhat dinh Toi rat mong nhan dupe su gop y, giup cua Quy Khoa, Quy Co quan, cac Thay, Co cung toan the dong nghiep, ban be de Luan van cua toi dupe hoan thien hon thdi gian toi Kinh, Le Thi Hai Van -2- MUC LUC ■ ■ MUC LUC - — CAC DO THI ——- CAC BANG -6 DANH MUC CHU VIET TAT -7 Md DAU Tfnh cap thiet cua de tai luan van - - — Muc dfch nghien cun — - Doi tuqng va pham vi nghien cun -9 Phuong phap nghien cun -9 Nhung dong gop cua luan van — 10 Ket cau cua luan van - 10 CHUONG I: 11 CO SC) LY LUAN VA PHUONG PHAP LUAN XAC DINH HIEU QUA DAU TUTRUC TIEP NUOc NGOAI - 11 1.1 MOT SO VAN DE VE HIEU QUA DAU TUTRUC TIEP NUOC NGOAI —-11 1.1.1 Dau tu true tiep nude ngoai 11 a) Khai niem - - - 11 b) Dae diem cua ddu tu true tiep nude ngoai — - 12 c) Hinh thde cua FDI 13 1.1.2 Hieu qua ddu tu true tiep nude ngoai - 14 a) Khai niem - 14 b) Phan loqi hieu qua —————————————————— 14 1.1.3 Cac nhan to anil hudng tdi hieu qua cua hoat dong FDI 15 a) Cac nhan to anil hudng den chi phi — 15 b) Cac nhan to' anil hudng den ket qua cua boat dong FDI - 16 1.2 PHUONG PHAP LUAN XAC DINH HIEU QUA DAU TIT TRUC TIEP NUOC NGOAI 19 1.2.1 Quan diem danh gia hieu qua dau tu true tiep nude ngoai -19 a) Danh gid hieu qua FDI d tarn vi mo 20 b) Danh gid hieu qua FDI mot each todn dien, tren cd khia canh kinh te va xa hoi - 20 c.) Danh gid hieu qua FDI tren gidc thuc day hoi nliap kinh tequd'c te — - - - - - 24 d) Danh gid hieu qua FDI tren cd hai mat hoat dong: thu hut va sit dung ———————————————————————————25 e) Danh gid hieu qua FDI mot each dinh luerng va dinh tfnh -26 1.2.2 Mot so chi tieu danh gia hieu qua FDI - 26 a) Cac chi tieu hieu qua ddu tu - 27 b) Cac chi tieu ket qua cua hoat dong FDI plian duh hieu qua 30 -3- 1.3 TOM TAT CH VONG I -35 CHUONG II: - 37 THUG TRANG HIEU QUA DAU TUTRUG TIEP NUOc NGOAI TAI VIET NAM THOl GIAN QUA ; ; 37 2.1 TONG QUAN VE BOAT DONG DAU TU TRUG TIEP NUOC NGOAI TAI VIET NAM 37 2.1.1 Tong quan ve dong von FDI tai Viet Nam 37 a) Giai doan tim hieu tlii truting vd link vifc dau tu chii yeu la tham do, khai thac dau (1988-1990) ————————————————37 b) Giai doan tang trudig theo chieu rong vd cac khodn dau tu quy mo Idi (1991-1997) 38 c) Giai doan kho khan sau killing hodng kinh tekhu vifc (1998-nay) 42 2.1.2 Dac diem cua dong FDI vao Viet Nam - — 44 a) FDI tap tiling vao cac nganh cong ngliiep, dac biet Id cong ngliiep diebien - 44 b) Doi tdc dau tu cliinh Id cac nude khu vifc -—45 c) FDI tap tiling tai cac vimg co ccc sd tang thuqn Id - 47 d) Hinh tliicc 100% von nude ngoai co xu hudng gia tang - 48 2.2 THUG TRANG HIEU QUA DAU TU' TRUG TIEP NUOc NGOAI THOl GIAN QUA 50 2.2.1 Cac chi tieu hieu qua - - 50 a) He so gia tang von son litong (ICOR) 50 b) Ty so gid tri xuat klidulvdn cua khu vice FDI 54 c) Dau tic rong so vdi thu nlidp tic von —————————————56 d) Thu ngan sachlvon FDI - 57 e) So viec lam/von FDI 59 2.2.2 Cac chi tieu ket qua cua hoat dong FDI phan anh hieu qua 63 a) Thue day tang fritting kinh te - - 63 b) Chuyen di ch cot can kinh te - - 65 c) Cai tliien can can loan quoc te - — 67 d) Nang cao klid nd ng cd ng nglie - - 68 e) Nang cao chat luerng nguon nhan life————————————70 f) Thue day hoi nlidp khu vifc vd quoc te - 7\ g) Nang cao klid nd ng canli tranh ndi bo lien kinh te va nang life canh trailh quoc gia - ————— - qq 2.3 DANH GIA HIEU QUA CUA HOAT DONG FDI - 73 2.3.1 Thanh cong va nguyen nhan cong 73 a) Thdnh cong —— 73 b) Nguyen nhan cong - 75 2.3.2 Han che va nguyen nhan han che -78 a) Han die—————————————————————————78 b) Nguyen nhan cua nhung lian che 80 2.4 TOM TAT CHUONG II - 97 -4- CHUONG III: - - -98 MOT SO GIAI PHAP NANG CAO HIEU QUA DAU TIT TRUC TIEP NUdC NGOAI TAI VIET NAM - -98 3.1 DINH HUdNG THU HUT VA SlT DUNG DAU TU’ TRUC TIEP NUOC NGOAI TAI VIET NAM — - - 98 3.1.1 Co so dinh hirdng 98 a) Boi cdnh quoc te - 98 b) Boi cdnh nude— — - 99 3.1.2 Muc ticu, dinh hirdng thu hut va sir dung FDI nhung nam toi _■ - 100 a) Muc tieu ? 100 b) Dinh hudng -100 3.2 CAC GIAI PHAP CHU YEU NHAM NANG CAO HIEU QUA FDI TAI VIET NAM 101 3.2.1 Cac giai phap lam giam chi phi — 102 3.2.2 Cac giai phap nang cao ket qua cua hoat dong FDI -104 a) Nd ng cao chat ludng cong tac quy lioqch - 104 b) Tiep tuc hoan thien lie thong luqt plidp, chinhsach FDI theo hudng pliii hdp vdi thong le va cam ket quoc te 105 c) Hoan thien cd die phd'i hop giua cac cd quan quan ly nha nude boat dong FDI - 113 d) Doi mdi cong tac giam sat, kiem tra hoatdong FDI————— 115 e) Tiep tuc day manli edi each thu tuc lianli chinh 116 3.3 DIEU KIEN THUC HIEN GIAI PHAP 117 3.3.1 Cai tao va nang cap co so tang 117 3.3.2 Chu yeu to ngirdi hoat dong FDI -118 a) Con ngudi cong tac quan ly lioat dong FDI - 118 b) Ngudi lam viec true tiep khu vuc FDI - 120 3.3.3 Cai tien cong tac to choc thirc thi luat phap, chinh sach - 120 3.3.4 Cung co va hoan thien cong tac thong ke FDI -121 3.4 TOM TAT CHUONG III - 122 KET LUAN -124 DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO - - 126 PHU LUC 129 - - CAC DO THI■ Do thi 2.1: Ddu tu true tiep nu'dc ngoai tai Viet Nam 37 Do thi 2.2: Quy mo binh quan mot du an qua cac giai doan - 40 Do thi 2.3: Tong von dang ky/tong von thuc hien 41 DO thi 2.4: FD1 vao Viet Nam theo nganh 44 Do thi 2.5: FDI dang ky theo doi tac ddu tu 45 Do thi 2.6: FDI theo vung lanh tho 47 Do thi 2.7: Su van dong cua cac hinh thuc ddu tu - — - 49 Do thi 2.8: Quy mo binh quan mot du an FDI theo hinhthuc ddu tu - 49 Do thi 2.9: FDI theo hinh thUc ddu tu 50 Do thi 2.10: Ty so gia tri xuat khau/von cua khu vuc FDI - 55 Do thi 2.11: Dong gop cua khu vuc FDI vao Ngan sach nha nude 58 Do thi 2.12: Co cau lao dong cua khu vuc FDI nam 2002 theo nganh 60 Do thi 2.13: Co cau lao dong nganh cong nghiep che bien nam 2002 - 60 Do thi 2.14: Co cau lao dong truc tiep cua khu vuc FD1 theo doi tac - 62 Do thi 2.15: Co cau lao dong theo phdn kinh te (nam 2000) 62 Do thi 2.16: Dong gop cua FDI vao von ddu tu phat trien - 63 Do thi 2.17: Dong gop cua khu vuc FDI vao GDP -63 Do thi 2.18: Tang trudng cong nghiep cua khu vuc FDI - 64 Do thi 2.19: Von FDI thuc hien theo linh vuc 65 Do thi 2.20: Chuyen dich co cau FDI 66 Do thi 2.21: Chuyen dich co cau GDP - — 67 Do thi 2.22: Dao tao lao dong cua khu vuc FDI - 71 Do thi 2.23: Ty le doanh nghiep FDI su dung ddu vao nudc - 79 Do thi 2.24: Von FDI giai the va het han 81 Do thi 2.25: So sanh chi phi dien nang giua cac pho' ldn d Chau A -—84 Do thi 2.26: So sanh chi chi cho phut dien thoai goi tdi Nhat Ban tu cac pho' ldn cua Chau A - 84 Do thi 2.27: So sanh luong cong nhan tai cac ldn d Chau A 85 Do thi 2.28: So sanh muc chi phi cho su dung nguoi Viet Nam va ngudi nudc ngoai co cung mUc thu nhap rong - 85 -6- CAC BANG Bang 1.1: Mudi nhan to hang dau quyet dinh str lira chon dia ban dau tu 23 Bang 2.1: Toe lang trudng GDP (%) - 39 Bang 2.2: Thay doi chinh sach FDI tren the gidi giai doan 1998-2001 -42 Bang 2.3: FDI vao Viet Nam lheo nganh va linh vuc - 44 Bang 2.4: 10 nha dau tu ldn nhat vao Viet Nam 46 Bang 2.5: 10 dia phuong thu hut FDI ldn nhat - 48 Bang 2.6: He so ICOR cua khu vuc FDI so vdi cac khu vuc nude 51 Bang 2.7: He so ICOR cua khu vuc FDI lheo nganh - 53 Bang 2.8: Ty so gia tri xuat khau/von cua khu vuc FDI 55 Bang 2.9: Dau tu long so vdi thang du san xuat - 57 Bang 2.10: Nop ngan sach nha nude cua cac khu vuc 58 Bang 2.11: Thu ngan sach Nha nirdc/von theo phan kinh te 59 Bang 2.12: So lao dong true tiep cua khu virc FDI 59 Bang 2.13: Von dau tu/lao dong cua khu vuc FDI lheo nganh — - 61 Bang 2.14: Co cau FDI va co cau GDP theo nganh - - 66 Bang 2.15: Anh hudng cua FDI tdi can can toan quoc te 67 Bang 2.16: Tinh hinh chuyen giao cong nghe d cac doanh nghiep FDI 68 Bang 2.17: Danh gia chi phi kinh doanh cua Viet Nam - 83 -7 - DANH MUC CHU VIET TAT ASEAN Association of South East Asia Nations (Hiep hoi cac nudc Dong Nam A) BCC Business Co-operation Contract (Hop dong hop tac kinh doanh) FDI Foreign Direct Investment (Dau tu truc tiep nudc ngoai) ICOR Incremental Capital Output Ratio (He so gia tang von san luong) IMF International Monetary Fund (Quy Tien te quoc te) JETRO Japan External Trade Organization (To chuc thuong mai quoc te Nhat Ban) M&A Merger and Acquisition (sap nhap va mua lai) MIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (Co quan Bao dam Dau tu Da phuong) NICs Newly Industrial Countries (cac nudc cong nghiep mdi) OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (To chuc Hop tac va Phat trien kinh te) UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (DiCn dan Thuong mai va Phat trien Lien hop quoc) WB World Bank (Ngan hang The gidi) WTO World Trade Organization (To chuc Thuong mai The gidi) - - MO DAU I Tinh cap thiet cua de tai luan van Nam 1986, thuc hien chu trircrng doi mdi dupe Dai hoi Dang toan quoc lan thur VI thong qua, nudc ta budc vao thdi ky chuyen doi nen kinh te theo hudng thi trudng Sir thieu hut nghiem ve von cho dau tu phat trien ciing vdi nhung bien dong ve chfnh tri dfln tdi sir cat giam vicn trq tir cac nudc khoi xa hoi chu nghia Dong Au trudc day da khien Viet Nam buoc phai thuc hien chfnh sach mo cua, thu hut dau tu nudc ngoai Vdi sir ddi cua Luat Dau tu nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam nam 1987, 15 nam qua, dau tu nudc ngoai dan ddn trd mot “bo phan huu co cua nen kinh te”, phan kinh te co von nudc ngoai da trd thanh phan kinh te thd sau nen kinh te nhieu phan, la mot bo phan cau quan cua nen kinh te thi trudng d nudc ta Dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai (FDI) da tao dung nhung co so ban dau quan va dong gop dang ke vao cong cua cong cuoc doi mdi Dong gop cua khu vuc co von ddu tu nudc ngoai vao GDP cang tang, tir 2% nam 1992, nam 2002 khu vuc FDI da dong gop 13,9% vao GDP Trong 15 nam qua, dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai da dong gop 25 ty USD cho dau tu phat trien Nganh cong nghiep co von dau tu nudc ngoai vdi toe tang trudng hang nam tren 20% da gop phan thuc day tang trudng cong nghiep Viet Nam va gop phan chuyen dich co cau kinh te theo hudng cong nghiep hoa Dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai da tao mot so nganh, san pham mdi cho nen kinh te, gop phan thuc day canh tranh noi bo non kinh te cung nhu nang cao vi the canh tranh cua nen kinh te Viet Nam tren trudng quoc te Tuy nhien, tir sau cuoc khung hoang kinh te khu vuc, dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai vao Viet Nam da bi anh hudng dang ke Ca luong von dang ky va thuc hien ddu sut giam nhieu ldn va dang nhfch len mot each cham chap mac du Chfnh phu da lien tuc co nhung chfnh sach khuyen khfch va uu dai cho khu vuc cd von dau tu true tiep nude ngoai Tai Viet Nam, da cd nhieu cong trinh nghien cu’u vd dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai, ca tren giac thu hut cung nhu sir dung von dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai Mot vai nghien cuu cung de cap tdi hieu qua cua ddu tu true tiep nudc - 120- b) Ngudi lam viec true tiep khu vuc FDI Trong so nhu’ng ngudi lam viec true tiep khu vuc FDI, nhung ngudi la dai dien cua Ben Viet Nam cac lien doanh hoac BCC co vai tro rat quan Flo vira la dai dien sd huu, la ngudi true tiep tham gia didu hanh hoat dong cua cac co sd co von FDI Vdi dac thu ciia Viet Nam, doi tac Viet Nam lien doanh hoac hqp dong hqp tac kinh doanh chu yeu la cac doanh nghiep nha nudc, ngudi cua Ben Viet Nam dong thdi la dai dien sd huu nha nudc cac co sd cd von FDI Flo la ngudi true tiep tac dong tdi hieu qua cua hoat dong FDI d tam vi md Doi vdi nhung can bo Viet Nam cac doanh nghiep cd von nudc ngoai, yeu to nang luc va trinh duqc dat len hang dau Ho phai cd dii nang luc, trinh de cung dieu hanh vdi phfa nudc ngoai, khong bi phfa nudc ngoai chi dao va Ian at, bao ve quyen lqi ciia phfa Viet Nam lien doanh hoac hqp doanh Ben canh nang luc va trinh do, nhu’ng ngudi cung phai cd dii pham chat dao due de thuc thi str menh ciia minh Viec tuyen chon de cir lao dong Viet Nam sang lam viec tai cac doanh nghiep FDI, cac hqp dong hqp tac kinh doanh tren cuong vi quan ly, dieu hanh can duqc thuc hien mot each cSn trong, ky ludng 3.3.3 Cai tien cong tac to chu’c thuc thi luat phap, chinh sach Viec hoan thien chfnh sach FDI la chua dii neu cong tac to chu’c thuc thi luat phap, chfnh sach khdng duqc cung co de dam bao cho cac luat phap, chfnh sach duqc to chuc thuc hien mot each chat che va nhat quan Khi ban hanh chfnh sach mdi, can to chuc cac ldp tap huan sSu, rong cho cac doi tuqng lien quan tdi chfnh sach Viec tap huan cho cac doi tuqng khac can duqc to chu’c vdi nhu’ng noi dung rieng nham dat duqc lqi fch cao nhat cho ngudi duqc tap huan + Vdi doi tuqng chfnh sach, thudng la cac doanh nghiep FDI, cac hqp dong hqp tac kinh doanh, cac chii dau tu , viec tap huan duqc thuc hien vdi noi dung bien chfnh sach mdi d khfa canh: dieu kien, doi tuqng, thdi han, thii tuc va pham vi ap dung, co quan chfnh chiu trach nhiem to chu’c thuc thi va cac co quan phoi hqp + Vdi doi tuqng la cac don vi, to chuc thuc thi chfnh sach va cac don vi, to churc phoi hqp, viec tap huan duqc thuc hien vdi noi dung sau hon, ngoai - 121 - nhirng noi dung gidi thieu cho gidi doanh nghiep, gidi thieu them ve cac ky nang va nghiep vu cua chfnh sach mdi Viec lira chon doi tupng tham gia cac doi tap huan cung phai dirpc chu y vdi tinh than dung ngirdi, dung viec Sau mot thdi gian thirc thi chfnh sach, can cd cac thong tin phan hoi tir cac don vi chii tri thirc hien, cac don vi phoi hop va tir chfnh doi tirpng chfnh sach de rut kinh nghiem vd each thirc to chuc thirc thi va vd ban than chfnh sach Viec to chuc tap huan can dirpc thuc hien bdi mot bo phan rieng va dirpc chuyen mon hoa de thuan lpi va cd hieu qua Ben canh dd, viec tang cudng cac bien phap xir ly vi pham cung la mot nhirng noi dung can thiet de to chuc thuc thi chfnh sach cd hieu qua Cong tac xir ly vi pham can dupc thuc hien kien quyet, d moi cap, moi nganh, moi linh vuc thl mdi dam bao viec thuc thi chfnh sach dupc chat che 3.3.4 Cung co va hoan thien cong tac thong ke FDI Cong tac thong ke FDI hien nhidu van de bat cap va la mot nhung nguyen nhan co ban khien cho cong tac danh gia hieu qua cua khu vuc FDI dupc thuc hien chua tot Viec ciing co va hoan thien cong tac thong ke FDI khong the tien hanh rieng ma phai tien hanh song song vdi viec ciing cd va hoan thien cong tac thong ke kinh te xa hoi noi chung cua ca nudc Tuy nhien, tren phuong dien quan ly nha nudc ve hoat dong FDI, cong tac thong ke FDI trudc mat can dupc ciing cd va hoan thien nham dap ung dupc yeu cau cua cong tac quan ly nha nudc v& FDI va dap ung yeu cau hoi nhap khu vuc Cu the: - Ban hanh va bien rong rai cac dinh nghia va cac chuan thong ke, he thong va phuong phap phan to thong ke cung nhu pham vi thong ke Cac co quan dau mdi cong tac thong ke va quan ly nha nudc vd FDI (Tong cue Thong ke va Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu) can phoi hqp nghien cun, thong nhat va dd nhung chuan muc ITnh vuc nay, tren co so dd hudng dan cac nganh, cac dia phuong, cac co sd thuc hien che thong ke - Chuan hoa he thong bieu mSu thu thap sd lieu va bieu mSu bao cao theo yeu cau hoi nhap khu vuc ma trudc het la yeu cau cua ASEAN Viec - 122 - chudn hoa he thong bieu m§u co the duqc thu’c hien vdi sir tro giup ve ky thuat va hd trp tang cudng nang lire cua Ban Thir ky ASEAN va cac node phat trien khu virc nhir Nhat Ban, Han Quoc - Hoan thien co che thu thap sd lieu, tang cudng cac bien phap xir phat cac don vi vi pham che bao cao thong ke - Dau tu' he thong mang phuc vu cong tac thong ke va truydn dir lieu tai trung uong va dia phuong Viec dau tu he thong mang can dupc - Cai tien phuong thuc cung cap thong tin thong ke ve hoat dpng FDI, de dam bao kha nang tiep can cua cac nha dau tu tdi cac thong tin ve khu vuc FDI mot each dd dang, thudng xuyen va cap nhat Trong thdi dai cong nghe thong tin hien nay, phuong phap cung cap hieu qua nhat la dua len trang web cua Bp Ke hoach va Dau tu Cac thong tin cung can duqc chuyen sang cac ngon ngu thong dung, ma trudc tien la tieng Anh de viec cap nhat thong tin cua cac nha dau tu duqc dd dang va cac nha dau tu cd the tiep can true tiep den cac thong tin chinh thuc cua Viet Nam 3.4 TOM TAT CIIUONG III Vdi muc tieu tang cudng thu hut va sir dung hieu qua ddu tu true tiep nudc ngoai cho su nghiep phat trien kinh te dat nudc, boi canh khu vuc va quoc te cd nhieu bien dong, Viet Nam phai thuc hien rat nhidu viec vdi nhung nd luc lien tuc de cd the nang cao hieu qua FDI tai Viet Nam Tren co sd phan tich muc tieu, dinh hudng cua hoat dong FDI tai Viet Nam, boi canh nudc cung nhu quoc te, hai nhom giai phap co ban de nang cao hieu qua hoat dong FDI tai Viet Nam duqc dua dua tren hai nhan to co ban cua hieu qua FDI la cac giai phap lam giam chi phi va cac giai phap nang cao ket qua cua hoat dong FDI Trong mot chung muc nao do, su phan dinh tren chi la tuong doi vi cac giai phap khong cd su tach biet rd rang Thudng thi cac giai phap lam giam chi phi cung dong thdi la giai phap nang cao ket qua cua hoat dong FDI Tuy nhien, dung tren quan ly nha nudc ve hoat dong FDI, luan van tap trung hon vao cac giai phap nang cao ket qua cua hoat dong FDI Trong viec nang cao ket qua cua hoat dong FDI thi nang cao chat luqng cong tac quy hoach duqc dat len hang dau, nhu la mot tien dd, mot dieu kien - 123 - tien quyet de thu’c hien tat ca cac noi dung khac cua cong tac quan ly nha nucrc ve FDI mot each hieu qua Luan van dd cap tdi phuong hudng chung va nam nhom giai phap cu the de hoan thien he thong luat phap, chfnh sach FDI theo hudng phu hqp vdi thong le va cam ket quoc te Day la mot noi dung quan khac cong tac quan ly nha nudc ve FDI, nham tao mot hanh lang phap ly on dinh, thong thoang, phu hop vdi nhung thong le va hoi nhap quoc te, tao dieu kien cho khu vuc FDI hoat dong cd hieu qua Viec to chuc thuc thi chfnh sach, hoan thien co che phoi hqp giua cac co quan quan ly nha nudc ve FDI va doi mdi cong tac giam sat, kiem tra hoat dong FDI cung nhu day manh cai each hanh chfnh cung la nhung giai phap nham nang cao ket qua hoat dong FDI De thuc hien cac giai phap nay, viec cai tao va nang cap co sd tang, chu yeu to cong ngudi hoat dong FDI, ca ngudi quan ly cung nhu nhung lao dong true tiep khu vuc FDI can duqc quan tam dung mdc Viec cai tien cong lac to chuc, thuc thi luat phap chfnh sach nham dua duqc chfnh sach vao cudc song va viec cung co va hoan thien cong tac thong ke Cac giai phap dua la kha thi, phu hqp vdi trinh phat trien va dieu kien cua nen kinh te Viet Nam noi chung va khu vuc dau tu nudc ngoai noi rieng Viec thuc hien cac giai phap tren se gop phan nang cao hieu qua cua hoat dong FDI tai Viet Nam, tao dieu kien cho khu vuc FDI tiep tuc la khu vuc phat trien nang dong, dong gop tfch cue vao tang trudng va phat trien ndn kinh te Viet Nam - 124- KET LUAN ■ Dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai thdi gian qua da dong gop tfch cue cho su nghiep phat trien kinh te cua Viet Nam Khu vuc kinh te cd von dSu tu nudc ngoai la mot khu vuc kinh te nang dong, cd toc phat trien nhanh, dong gop 13,9% GDP, 27% gia tri xuat khau, tao viec lam cho hon 62 van lao dong, dong gop hang nam cho ngan sach nha nudc hang tram trieu USD Vdi nhung dong gop cho cong cuoc doi mdi, khu vuc kinh te cd von dau tu nudc ngoai da duqc thu’a nhan la mot nhung phan kinh te cua nen kinh te nhidu phan cua Viet Nam va chu truong cua Dang, Nha nudc ta la tiep tuc phat trien khu vuc Hoat dong FDI tai Viet Nam da dat duqc nhung cong co ban, la mot nhung nguon von duqc su dung cd hieu qua, gop phdn tfch cue vao tang trudng va chuyen dich co cau kinh te, tang cudng xuat khau, chuyen giao cong nghe, phat trien nguon nhan luc, thuc day canh tranh noi bo nen kinh te, nang cao nang luc canh tranh quoc gia va thuc day hoi nhap khu vuc va quoc te Vdi nhung cong nay, khu vuc kinh te cd von FDI la khu vuc hoat dong co hieu qua nen kinh te Ben canh dd, dac biet la tir sau xay khung hoang kinh te khu vuc, boi canh quo'c te kem thuan lqi da lam boc lo nhung kho khan ben va khien cho hieu qua cua hoat dong FDI cd chieu hudng suy giam Ngoai nhung kho khan khach quan khung hoang tai chfnh khu vuc, nguyen nhan cua tinh trang suy giam hieu qua chfnh la su kem hieu qua cong tac quan ly nha nudc ve hoat dong FDI ma dac biet la su yeu kem cong tac quy hoach Su yeu kem da ton tai thdi gian trudc xay khung hoang khu vuc nhien den boi canh kinh te kho khan mdi boc lo mot each day du va rd net va lam giam hieu qua cua khu vuc FDI Vdi quan diem tic'p luc phat trien phdn kinh te cd von dau tu nudc ngoai nhu mot bo phan cua nen kinh le Viet Nam, boi canh canh tranh gay gat v6 FDI giua cac nudc khu vuc, Viet Nam can day nhanh lo trinh giam chi phf cho hoat dong FDI, nang cao chat luqng cua cong tac quy hoach, tiep tuc hoan thien he thong luat phap, chfnh sach theo hudng cang phu hqp hon vdi thong le va cam ket quoc te Tiep luc hoan thien co che phoi hqp - 125 - gitra cac ca quan quan ly nha ntrdc vd hoat dong FDI, doi mdi cong tac giam sat, kiem tra hoat dong FDI, nang cao chat luqng cua cong tac danh gia hieu qua hoat dong FDI va tiep tuc day manh cai each hanh chinh la nhung bien phap thiet thuc nham nang cao hieu qua cua hoat dong FDI d tam vi md Viec tiep tuc cai tao va nang cap co sd tang, chu yeu to ngudi hoat dong FDI, dac biet la can bo quan ly hoat dong FDI cung nhu viec cai tien cong tac thuc thi luat phap, chinh sach la nhung didu kien can thiet de thuc hien he thong giai phap neu tren Ben canh do, cung co' va hoan thien cong tac thong ke hoat dong FDI cung la dieu kien quan de tang cudng thong tin cho hoat dong quan ly FDI Hoat dong FDI tai Viet Nam da va dang tren da phuc hoi, hoi cham, bang nhung nd luc lien tuc cua Chinh phu nham cai thien mdi trudng dau tu va nang cao hieu qua cua hoat dong FDI Vdi nhung giai phap ma luan van de xuat, hy vong rang luan van se dong gdp mot phan be nhd viec nang cao hieu qua cua hoat dong FDI tai Viet Nam - 126- DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO ■ ■ I Tai lieu tieng Viet: Bao cao tinh hinh dau tir true tiep nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam cua Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu- cac nam tir 1995 den 2002 Bo Ke hoach va Dau tir, Co quan hqp tac quoc le Nhat Ban (JICA), Nghien cun ve chien lirqc xuc tien dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai tai nudc Cong hoa xa hoi chu nghTa Viet Nam, Bao cao cuoi cung, Thang nam 2003 Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu, Thong tu so 12/2000/TT-BKH 15 thang nam 2000 hudng din hoat dong dau tu nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam PGS.TS Mai Ngoc Cudng chu bien, Hoan thien chinh sach va to chtrc thu hut dau tu truc tiep cua nudc ngoai d Viet Nam, NXB Chfnh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi 2000 TS Nguydn Van Chinh, TS Vu Quang Viet, Kinh te Viet Nam doi mdi Nhung phan tfch va danh gia quan trong, NXB Thong ke, Ha Noi 2002 Dang Cong san Viet Nam, Van kien Nghi quyet Dai hoi Dai bieu toan quoc lan thu IX, NXB Chfnh tri quoc gia, 2000 Malcolm Gillis, Dwight H.Perkins, Michael Roemer, Donald R.Snodgrass, Kinh te hoc cua su phat trien, Tap va 2, Vien Nghien cdu Quan ly kinh te Trung uong, Trung tam Thong tin tu lieu, 1990 He Manquing va Zhang Changchun, Ddu tu true tiep nudc ngoai d Trung Quoc: tuu, kinh nghiem va bai hoc, Tai lieu Hoi thao Chfnh sach dau tu nudc ngoai cua Trung Quoc va kinh nghiem doi vdi Viet Nam, Bq Ke hoach va Dau tu, Ha Noi 28 thang nam 2003 Nguydn Thi Phuong Hoa, Tac dong cua ddu tu true tiep nudc ngoai den trang trudng kinh te nganh Viet Nam giai doan 1996-2001, Tap chf Nghien curi kinh te so 291, thang nam 2002 10 Luat dau tu nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam va Nghi dinh cua Chfnh phu hudng dSn thi hanh nam 2003, NXB Chfnh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi 2003 11 PGS.PTS Nguydn Ngoc Mai chu bien, Giao trinh Kinh te dau tu, NXB Giao due, 1998 12 N Gregory Mankiw, Kinh te vi md, Nha xuat ban Thong ke va Trudng Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan 13 E Wayne Nafziger, Kinh te hoc cua cac nudc dang phat trien, Nha xuat ban Thong ke, 1998 - 127- 14 Ngan hang The gidi va Ngan hang Phat trien Chau A, Bao cao Phat trien 2003, Viet Nam thuc hien cam ket, Hoi nghi Nhom Tir van cac Nha Tai tro cho Viet Nam, Ha Noi 10-11 thang 12, 2002 15 Ngan hang The gidi, Bo Ke hoach va Dau tir, Cong ty Tai chinh quoc te, “Didn dan doanh nghiep”, Hoi nghi giua ky nhom tu van cac nha tai trq nam 2003, Ha Noi, thang 6, nam 2003 16 Ngan hang The gidi, Bo Ke hoach va Diiu tu, Cong ty Tai chinh quoc te, “Didn dan doanh nghiep”, Hoi nghi nhom tu van cac nha tai trq nam 2002, Ha Noi 10 thang 12 nam 2002 17 Ngan hang The gidi, Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu, Cong ty Tai chinh Quoc te, “Dien dan doanh nghiep”, Hoi nghi nhom tu van cac nha tai trq nam 2001, Ha Noi thang 12 nam 2001 18 GS.PTS Vu Thi Ngoc Phung chu bien, Kinh te phat trien, Tap 1, NXB Thong ke, Ha Noi - 1999 19 GS.TS Vu Thi Ngoc Phung chu bien, Kinh te phat trien, Tap 2, NXB Thong ke, Ha Noi - 2000 20 Tong cue thong ke, Nien giam thong ke cac nam tir 1995 den 2001, NXB Thong ke 21 Tong cue Thong ke, Vu He thong tai khoan quoc gia, Kinh te Viet Nam nhung nam doi mdi, NXB Thong ke 2000 22 Tran Nguydn Ngoc Anh Thu, Dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai tang truong va phat trien kinh te d Viet Nam, Luan an tien sy khoa hoc kinh te, Ho Chi Minh 2000 23 Th.s DO Tlii Thuy va TS Le Tuyet Hoa, Anh hudng cua von dau tu true tiep nudc ngoai den can can toan quoc te cua Viet Nam, Tap chi Ngan hang sd 1+2 nam 2000 24 Uy ban Ke hoach Ha Noi, Bao cao nghiem thu DO tai khoa hoc “Danh gia hieu qua dau tu xay dung cac cong trinh van hoa - xa hoi giai doan 1990-1995, phuong hudng va giai phap tang cudng quan ly von nhung nam 1996-2000”, Ha Noi 1995 25 Van phong Chinh phu Viet Nam, Chuong trinh phat trien Lien hop quo'c, Vien phat trien kinh le-Ngan hang the gidi, Tai lieu dao tao ve quan ly kinh te, Hoc trinh 9: Dau tu nudc ngoai, NXB Ha Noi, 1996 26 Vien Chien luqc phat trien, Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu, Bao cao de tai khoa hoc cap Bo: “Mdi quan lie giua ddu tu vdi tang trudng va chuyen doi co cau kinh te Viet Nam giai doan cong nghiep hoa va hien dai hoa dat nudc”, Ha Noi 1998 27 Vien Kinh te Ho Chi' Minh, Hieu qua dau tu tai Ho Chi' Minh, NXB Ho Chi' Minh 2000 - 128 - 28 Vien Nghien curu Quan ly Kinh te Trung nong, Bo Ke hoach va Dflu tir, Bao cao de tai khoa hoc cap Bo: “Anh hudng cua von node ngoai den cac chi tieu kinh te vi md cua Viet Nam”, Ha Noi 1997 29 Vien phat trien Difc, Hpp tac kinh te vdi Viet Nam: Hoan thien khung chinh sach dau tu- true tiep nudc ngoai, Bao cao nghien curu so 14/2000 30 Vu Kinh te doi ngoai, Bo Ke hoach va Dau tu, Bao cao de tai khoa hoc cap Bp: “Nang cao hieu qua kinh te doi ngoai, chu dong hoi nhap kinh te quoc te thdi ky 2001-2005 va den 2010”, Ha Noi 2002 31 Vu Quan ly du an dilu tu nudc ngoai, Bp Ke hoach va Dau tu, Bao cao de tai khoa hoc cap Bp: “Mot sd bien phap quan ly nha nudc nhSm nSng cao hieu qua hoat dong cua cac doanh nghiep co von dau tu nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam”, Ha Noi - 7/2001 II Tai lieu tieng Anh: 32 Theodore H.Moran, Foreign Direct Investment and Development, Institute for International Economics, Washington DC, December 1998 33 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Foreign Direct Investment for Development, Maximizing Benefits, Minimizing Costs, Overview, 2002 34 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, World Investment Report 1999, Foreign Direct Investment and the Challenge of Development 35 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, World Investment Report 2000, Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions and Development 36 United Nations Conference on Trade and Investment Report 2001, Promoting Linkages Development, World 37 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, World Investment Report 2002, Transnational Corporations and Export Competitiveness - 129 - PHU LUC PHU LUC I: TONG HOP DAU TlTTRlJC TIEP NLTOC NGOAI VAO VIET NAM Dan vi tinh: trieu USD Chi tieu TT Het han Von thu’c hien Von td nudc ngoai Von cua doanh nghiep VN Doanh thu* Kim ngach xuat nhap khau Xuat khau* VII 408 365 348 275 311 377 523 754 13 60 151 162 164 162 163 174 227 366 37 48 34 60 58 54 85 101 86 113 94 107 4 2 1,275 2,027 3,746 6,607 8,640 1,568 2,014 2,536 1,558 50 402 516 476 608 1,131 784 428 375 14 575 492 38 1,118 292 884 2,428 19 629 79 1,318 509 4,649 1,173 3,897 240 2,589 240 1,794 1,434 931 2,241 1,946 747 333 2,594 53 152 83 232 187 595 295 1,074 52 35 112 269 352 197 Von dang ky Giai the VI Nhap khau Dong gop cua khu vUc FDI Dong gop cua FDI vao GDP (%) Nop ngan sach Toc tang trirdng cong nghiep 46 2,792 2,053 445 920 2,343 449 Nguon: Bo Ke hoach va Dau tw Ghi chu: Doanh thu va xuat khau khong ke dau 544 24 3,215 2,363 2,200 2,523 2,410 2,439 2,251 272 2,178 5,711 7,921 2,339 100 9,400 2,590 2,890 1,982 2,668 3,382 3,320 4,350 4,984 4,542 6,584 2,869 346 3,955 1,790 164 4,380 233 3,673 2,324 270 11,000 56 223 600 1,468 2,042 2.0 3.6 6.1 128 6.3 195 7.4 9.1 10.0 11.8 12.7 13.1 13.9 263 315 317 271 324 373 472 21.7 23.2 23.3 21.0 13.8 12.1 11.6 220 250 270 296 376 12.6 14.6 445 14.5 14.2 21.8 17.5 Tang trudng cong nghiep chung (%) Giai quyet viec lam (1,000 nqirdi) 788 1,141 146 2,910 2,527 383 2,800 Tang trudng cong nghiep FDI (%) VIII 2002 84 Het han Tang von V 2001 2000 1999 367 Giai the Cap mdi IV 1998 1997 274 151 Luat du an tang von III 1996 1995 1994 1993 So difan Cap mdi II 1992 1991 200 14.5 621 KE HOACH VA DAU TU Tinh den 31 ^ng 12 nam 2002 DAU TU TRUC TIEP NUCJC NGOAI PHAN THEO DOI TAC DAU TU TT Doi tac Von d3ng ky Sodufdn Von thifc hien Singapore 269 7,318,704,925 2,712,634,128 Dai Loan Nhat Ban Han Quoc 937 2,478,919,098 377 5,300,542,992 4,344,157,897 500 3,723,445,001 2,191,240,354 Hong Kong 261 124 2,937,817,594 1,773,362,209 161 2,076,415,750 1,824,763,938 1,024,590,080 Phap BritishVirginlslands 3,454,005,131 860,794,416 45 1,685,455,903 1,268,922,114 Thai Lan 10 Vuong qud'c Anh 110 1,376,989,036 577,861,025 46 1,188,188,407 891,267,795 11 Malaysia 123 1,129,348,808 1,175,480,164 12 Hoa Ky 158 1,116,495,818 560,954,881 13 Thuy Sy 23 625,813,059 517,246,008 14 Cayman Islands 11 475,019,387 335,418,158 15 Australia 76 462,404,497 255,675,340 454,353,342 367,222,074 358,849,980 Ha Lan 16 Thuy Dien 17 Trung Quoc 198 18 British West Indies 19 Bermuda 135,621,556 261,541,396 260,322,867 147,817,885 20 CHLB Dire 42 239,728,863 119,319,522 21 Lien bang Nga 41 214,165,273 148,585,843 22 Channel Islands 12 193,550,994 78,211,699 23 Philippines 19 184,374,154 84,020,734 24 Dan Mach 113,399,840 57,874,734 25 Indonesia 26 Bi 107,702,221 126,613,780 20 52,485,611 27,384,383 27 Canada 30 47,204,146 15,227,506 28 ThdNhiKy 46,000,000 1,000,000 29 New Zealand 39,834,000 9,327,167 30 Cong hoa Sec 36,078,673 8,322,037 31 Liechtenstein 35,500,000 31,188,345 32 Na Uy 10 34,975,000 14,944,258 33 Luxembourg 10 34,285,370 14,729,132 34 an Do 32,763,710 1,650,000 35 Italia 29,371,000 6,029,824 36 Ba Lan 28,700,002 37 Irac 13,753,000 15,100,000 38 Mauritius 22,850,028 8,508,467 39 Ao 22,845,000 21,749,132 40 Ukraina 21,130,692 16,274,565 41 Isle of Man 15,000,000 1,000,000 42 Panama 14,732,400 5,790,870 43 Srilanca 12,814,048 1,174,000 44 Lao 11,053,528 5,478,527 45 Samoa 8,300,000 2,800,000 46 Cu Ba 6,600,000 7,320,278 47 Israel 5,381,136 5,186,787 48 Bahamas 5,350,000 5,350,000 49 Ma Cao 3,300,000 1,000,000 50 Hungary 3,126,606 1,640,460 51 Belize 3,000,000 979,000 52 Western Samoa 2,300,000 1,707,493 53 Guatemala 1,866,185 54 | Nam Tir 1,580,000 27,100,000 33,963,221 BO KE HOACH VA DAU Tlf Tinh den 31 thang 12 nam 2002 DAU TU TRUC TIEP NUOC NGOAI PHAN THEO DOI TAC DAU TU KE HOACH VA DAU Tlf Tinh d6'n 31 thang 12 nam 2002 DAU TU TRUC TIEP NUCJC NGOAI PHAN THEO DIA DIEM DAU TU TT Dia phiTCng TP H6Chi Minh Von dang ky So du an Von thuc hien 1,224 10,545,222,638 5,443,534,330 Ha Noi 442 7,533,633,423 3,016,348,801 Dong Nai Binh Duong 427 5,817,391,463 2,864,854,526 636 3,071,939,681 1,549,717,194 79 1,866,945,945 873,405,767 26 1,866,183,340 121 1,355,545,812 3,103,772,908 1,083,362,689 57 853,493,363 115,836,797 Hai Duong 36 487,653,480 162,367,887 10 Kien Giang 447,618,000 393,490,402 11 Thanh Hoa 443,610,339 443,509,277 410,382,608 12 Long An 57 13 Ha Tay 37 419,919,447 216,590,661 14 Khanh Hoa 15 VTnh Phuc 48 383,417,399 290,995,287 35 346,473,131 293,191,588 16 Da Nang 17 Quang Ninh 45 141,374,664 45 273,157,508 268,312,009 18 Nghe An 229,755,880 Ba Ria-Vung Tau Dau Hai Phong L3m D6ng 217,287,935 180,678,289 19 Tay Ninh 51 229,755,232 109,494,123 164,495,493 20 Bac Ninh 14 165,053,281 184,536,756 21 Quang Nam 26 155,306,607 32,094,555 22 Phu Tho 12 142,409,317 23 Thlra Thien-Hue 15 138,500,942 134,744,866 113,781,118 24 Phu Yen 17 109,907,205 44,708,458 25 Hung Yen 22 104,617,699 82,988,597 26 Can Tho 27 99,679,449 54,285,347 27 Binh Thuan 28 99,518,083 31,781,441 28 Tien Giang 29 Ninh Binh 74,075,008 64,611,274 67,732,486 12,196,370 13 53,210,472 33,800,000 18,293,185 30 Thai Nguyen 31 Lang Son 32 Quang Binh 33 Binh Dinh 15 32,333,800 8,962,773 2,670,974 18,875,000 31,412,000 34 Ha Tinh 30,445,000 1,550,000 35 Quang Ngai 29,323,689 10,796,572 13 36 Lao Cai 28,487,400 16,101,945 37 Gia Lai 38 Ninh Thuan 27,850,000 19,099,900 25,771,000 4,900,442 39 Dac Lac 24,184,050 20,324,018 40 Thai Binh 41 Bac Lieu 23,596,000 1,780,000 22,578,646 13,664,016 42 Son La 22,570,000 6,989,657 43 Nam Dinh 44 Binh Phudc 20,451,378 6,297,500 20,218,000 15,236,571 45 Bac Can 18,974,700 2,104,758 46 Vinh Long 47 An Giang 15,711,641 5,918,271 14,831,927 12,099,401 48 Bac Giang 12 13,386,510 11,295,623 10,220,688 5,996,792 50 Quang Tri 9,627,000 2,288,840 51 Hoa Binh 9,610,105 5,277,754 8,794,048 3,564,621 5,178,037 1,344,970 5,175,000 6,005,355 55 Kon Turn 4,400,000 61,500 56 Lai Chau 3,000,000 180,898 49 Yen Bai 52 Ben Tre 53 D6ng Thap 54 Ca Mau KE HOACH VA DAU TU Tinh ten 31 thing 12 nam 2002 DAU TU TRUC TIEP NUOC NGOAI PHAN THEO DIA DIEM DAU TU Soc Trang 58 Tra Vinh 59 Ha Nam 57 60 Tuyen Quang 61 Cao Bang Tong so' 2,286,000 2,055,617 1,606,636 865,246 1,000,000 3,807,156 1,000,000 500,000 200,000 w