Luận văn phát triển bền vững khu công nghiệp vita tại thủ đô viêng chăn, chdcnd lào

13842 LV.ThS , DHKTQD ■ 21 TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN TRUONG DHKTOD TT THONG TIN THl/VIEN SOULIYA KHOTSOMBATH PHAT TRIEN BEN vCTNG KHU CONG NGHIEP VITA TAI THU DO VIENG CHAN, CHDCND LAO • r Chuyen nganh: Ke hoach phat trien LUAN VAN THAC Si KINH TE • • Ngudi huong dan khoa hoc: TS NGUYEN QUYNH HOA DAI HOC K.T.Q.D TT THONG TIN THUVIEN M My, PHONG LUAN AN-TU* LIEU Ha Noi, nam 2018 □ LOI CAM DOAN Toi da doc va hieu ve cac hanh vi vi pham sir trung thirc hoc thuat Toi cam ket bang danh dir ca nhan rang nghien ctru toi thirc hien va khong vi pham yeu cau ve trung thirc hoc thuat Ha Noi, 2-?thang nam 2018 Hoc vien SOULIYA KHOTSOMBATH LO’I CAM ON Tran cam on TS Nguyen Quynh Hoa, ngudi true tiep hudng dan toi thuc hien de tai Cd da giup toi dinh hudng nghien cuu va danh cho toi nhung ldi khuyen, gop ky phe binh sau sac giup toi hoan nghien cuu Toi cung xin gui ldi cam on chan tdi cac thay cd giao Khoa Ke hoach va phat trien, trudng Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan da tao nhung dieu kien tot nhat de toi thuc hien luan van Dac biet xin duoc bay to long biet on den cac ca nhan ma tac gia co dieu kien gap gd, khao sat va cac chuyen gia cac linh vuc lien quan, da dong gop nhung thong tin vo cung quy bau va nhung y kien xac dang de tac gia co the hoan nghien cuu Ha Noi, 2-5 thang nam 2018 Hoc vien SOULIYA KHOTSOMBATH YEU CAU CUA HOl DONG CHAM LUAN VAN THAC SI • X X • • Ve: Nhtmg diem can sera chua bo sung trade nop luan van chinh there cho Vien Dao tao Sau dai hoc d n-L J 1J /? -A- LJ t! _ Urr G VJ -i 1A V f/ £ /X XX f ■' p } / ■*-' // atwh : Jd i V elk > 11 ;2 lllik Id i xlik/6.d //.< /.£) d £7 ^1): d >.11 r Cam ket cua Hoc vien Chu tich Hoi dong } (SHY Gh.Gv • Souliya KHOTSOMBATH Neu hoc vien c6 trach nhiem chinh sua theo yeu cdu cua Hoi dong chSm luan van Trong truong hop khong chinh siia se khong duoc cong nhan ket qua bao ve Hoc vien phai dong ban yeu cau chinh sua vao truoc Muc luc cua Quyen luan van chinh thuc nop cho Vien DTSDH CONG HOA XA HOI • • CHU NGHIA VIET • NAM Doc lap - Ty - Hanh phuc NHAN VAN THAC SY • XET LUAN • • (cua giao vien phan bien 1) De tai: Phat trien ben vung khu cong nghiep VITA tai thu Vieng chan, CHDCND Lao Sinh vien thuc hien: Souliya Khotsombath Chuyen nganh: Ke hoach phat trien Noi dung nhan xet luan van: Ve tinh cap thiet va su’ phu ho*p cua de tai Phat trien cac khu cong nghiep nham thuc day tang truong kinh te la mot lira chon hang dau cua nhieu quoc gia dang phat trien bbi nhung uu diem kha ro net cua no va CHDCND Lao cung khong nam ngoai sir lira chon Tuy nhien, sau mot thbi gian dai chu vao khia canh kinh te ma doi lo la cac van de xa hoi hay moi truong khien cho cac khu cong nghiep khong la bi mot bo phan dan cu ky thi Chinh vi vay, gan day b CHDCND Lao van de phat trien ben vung cac khu cong nghiep, chu toi ca cac khia canh xa hoi va moi truong ben canh khia canh kinh te dupe dat buc thiet hon bao gib het Vi vay, viec cao hoc vien Souliya Khotsombath lua chon de tai tot nghiep: “Phat trien ben vung khu cong nghiep VITA tai thu Vieng chan, CHDCND Lao” la rat phu hop vbi yeu cau thuc tien va phu hop vbi chuyen nganh Ke hoach phat trien Ve hinh thiic Uu diem: Luan van dupe trinh bay mot each bai ban, can than, co day du cac muc can thiet cho mot nghien cuu khoa hoc Dieu the hien thai lam viec nghiem tuc va khoa hoc cua tac gia ICet cau chuong cua luan van la kha phu hop, Noi dung dupe de cap b chuong cung logic vbi Co ban each hanh van sang de hieu Nhuoc: - Tai lieu tham khao chua trinh bay dung chudn muc - Trich dan chua phu hup (sai each va thieu trich ddn) - Van nhieu loi chinh ta Ve noi dung Vephan gio'i thieu chung - De tai co day du cac muc: muc tieu, cau hoi nghien cuu va phuong phap, doi tuung nghien cuu dieu rat quan cho viec xac dinh dupc dinh ' r huong nghien cuu cu the Co ban la ket cau cung nhu noi dung cua cac chuong huong toi viec tra loi cac cau hoi nghien cuu - De tai da tong quan nhieu nghien cuu khoa hoc co ich cho viec nghien cuu - Muc tieu tong quat: nen chinh lai cau tu cho phu hop keo noi dung bi coi la khong dung noi: nghien cUu ly thuyet de phan ti'ch thuc trang Dieu chi dung mot phan, nen chang noi la: nghien cun ly thuyet va phan tich thuc trang - Nen bo sung phan phuong phap nghien cuu vi chi co noi dung thu thap va phan tich du lieu thi chua du cho muc PPNC Chuong 1: - Voi dung luung 38 trang, tac gia da lam ro nhung van de ly luan can thiet ve khu cong nghiep va phat trien ben vung KCN nhu khai niem, noi dung , vai tro cua KCN, khai niem, noi dung, tieu chi danh gia phat trien ben vung KCN Cac yeu to anh huong den phat trien ben vung KCN cung nhu kinh nghiem phat trien KCN Nhung noi dung la quan trong, het suc can thiet cho viec trien khai danh gia thuc trang o chuong sau cung nhu la co so cho viec de cac giai phap d chuong - Co ban toi nhat tri voi cac noi dung da duuc de cap nhung cac noi dung quan can co trich dan ro rang, vi du nhu tieu chi danh gia phat trien ben vung KCN tac gia ke thua tu nhung nghien cuu nao, thuong duuc quoc gia nao su dung hay la tac gia tu xay dung Viec hoc tap kinh nghiep cua mot so KCN cua Viet nam cung co kha nhieu y nghia, nhien, boi canh cua VN va CHDCND Lao cung co nhieu diem khac biet nen tac gia can lam ro co gi tuong dong, co gi khac biet nen co the hoc hoi duuc gi va co gi khong nen hoc hoi Noi chung nen hoc hoi kinh nghiem tu nhieu quoc gia va dac biet tir cac KCN cong khac cua chinh nude Lao thi se co y nghia han CHUONG 2: vdi dung luong 37 trang, Luan van da cung cap cho ngudi doc nhung thong tin co ban ve dieu kien kinh te xa hoi cua thu Vien chan, da danh gia dugc thuc trang phat trien ben vung KCN vita, danh gia duoc cac yeu to anh hudng tai su phat trien ben vung cung nhu luan van dua dugc cac nhan dinh hgp ly > a r r Tuy nhien, nhieu noi dung phan tich sa sai, vi du ve noi dung cac yeu to anh hudng tai su phat trien ben vung cua KCN Day la noi dung quan trong, lam tien de cho chuang sau nhung noi dung so sai, phan tich mang tinh chu r r quan ma thieu su khach quan (con so minh chung hay nhan dinh tu cac chuyen gia, cac nha quan ly ) chinh vi vay, nhung bat cap / yeu kern cua KCN (dugc neu cung khong day du va chi tiet lam d phan sau) co nguon can tu dau khong the tra ldi dugc han nua, muc 2.3 nen su dung tu “phan tich” han la “danh gia” de phu hop vdi noi dung va de da trung vdi muc 2.4 Muc 2.4 co thiet ke bang phan anh thuc trang phat trien ben vung KCN vita A Z ' Tuy nhien, neu bang phan tieu chi cd ca cac so luong hoa tieu chi 7 r r r nua thi mdi co the co su so sanh de biet KCN vita dat ket qua dugc den dau Mot van de dugc cho la kha nan giai vdi nhieu KCN dac biet la khu Vita la kho thu hut nguon nhan luc chat luvng cao khien cho lao dong nude ngoai d Khu cao, vua anh hudng tdi hieu qua kinh te cua KCN cung nhu tieu chi phat trien ben vung XH cua Khu Tuy nhien, nd khong dugc ban nhieu, r r ■> a chinh la viec tao mdi truong song tot d dia phuang de thu hut nguon nhan luc CLC Chuong 3: Vdi dung luong 15 trang, luan van da du bao tac dong kinh te quoc te tdi su phat trien ben vung KCN thdi gian tdi, lam ro quan diem, muc tieu, phuang hudng cung nhu cac giai phap phat trien ben vung KCN vita Tdi hoan toan dong y vdi nhom giai phap de xuat Tuy nhien, noi dung cua cac giai phap kha so sai, khong rd phai lam gi cho su phat trien ben vung KCN va tai lai co giai phap (noi dunpa sai, can cu cua gp yeu, muc tieu cua GP khong rd phan tich cac yeu to thuc trang d chuang yeu Ket luan De tai de cap toi mot noi dung rat cu the cho mot dia ban cu the, vua rong lai vua chi tiet nen tac gia can phai co mot su am hieu thuc su cung nhu su trai nghiem thuc te cao Chinh vi the, de tai cung co the duoc coi la khong de Vi vay, cho du r ~ y i mot vai han che nhung nguoi doc van danh gia cao tinh than lam viec, su am hieu cua tac gia ve van de nghien cuu Voi cong do, tac gia xung dang nhan bang tot nghiep Thac sy kinh te neu bao ve cong truoc hoi dong Giao vien phan bien PGS TS Dang Thi Le Xuan BAN NHAN XET LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE Ten de tai: Phat trien ben vUng khu cong nghiep VITA tai thu Vieng Chan, CHDCND Lao TTe hoach phat trien Ten hoc vien: Souiiya Khotsombath Ngudi hudng dan khoa hoc: TS Nguyen Quynh Hoa Chuyen nganh: Ho ten ngudi nhan xet: Hoang Van Hoan Hoc ham, hoc vi: PGS, TS Chuc vu, co quan cong tac: Hoc vien Chinh tri khu viyc I Sau doc ban chinh cua luan van vdi de tai neu tren, toi co mot so nhan xet sau: Co so' khoa hoc va thuc tien, tinh cap thiet cua de tai luan van - Cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa (nen kinh te quoc dan la mot van de co tinh quy luat chung cua nhu'ng nudc nong nghiep, ma do, khu, cum cong nghiep gio mot vi tri quan KCN la mo hinh kinh te linh hoat, hap dan cac nha dau tu nudc ngoai, doi tuong dau tu chu yeu vao KCN vi ho hy vong vao thi trudng noi dia, mot thi trudng mdi va co kha nang mo rong, co kha nang tieu thu khoi luong ldn san pham hang hoa - De thuc hien muc tieu phat trien KCN, Chinh phu moi nudc deu co nhung chinh sach rieng cho viec xay dung va phat trien KCN bao gom thu hut dau tu theo quy hoach xac dinh phu hop vdi phat trien kinh te cua dat nudc, dam bao su phan bo hop ly ve luc luong san xuat, su dung co hieu qua cac nguon lire nhu von, dat dai, nguon tai nguyen, lao dong, ; tai chinh, thuong mai, ngan hang, ngoai hoi, gia ca, co so tang de tao dieu kien thuan loi cho phat trien cong nghiep Dieu quan la chinh sach phat trien KCN phai dam bao dat muc tieu de cua nudc chu nha nhung cung phai dam bao tinh hap dan vdi nha diu tu Nha nudc thuc hien chinh sach phat trien KCN vdi ba chuc nang hoach dinh, dieu hanh va tham gia truc tiep vao qua trinh hinh va phat trien KCN Vi vay, chung toi cho rang viec chon de tai ““Phat trien ben vUng khu cong nghiep VITA tai thu Vieng Chan, CIIDCND Lao” cua hoc vien la cap thiet ca ve mat ly luan va thuc tien - Su khong trung lap ve de tai nghien cuu so voi cac cong trinh khac da cong bo, tinh trung thuc ro rang va day du trich dan tai lieu - De tai khong trung lap so vdi cac cong trinh da cong bo ma ngudi doc duoc biet, cac nguon so lieu thu cap va thong tin su dung de tai deu duoc trich dan co nguon goc ro rang va trung thuc, dung yeu cau cua luan van thac si kinh te Su phu hop giua ten de tai voi noi dung cua de tai - Ten de tai phu hop vdi noi dung nghien cuu cua de tai la chuyen nganh: ke hoach phat trien; ma so: 60.34.01 85 su phat trien ben vung cua KCN VITA 3.2 Quan diem, muc tieu, phuong huong phat trien ben vung khu cong nghiep VITA tai Vieng Chan v y 3.2.1 Quan diem phat trien hen vung khu cong nghiep VITA *Phat trien ben vieng KCN VITA phai phit hap vai xu the phat trien chung cua thai dai va dat mcac Trong dieu kien hien nay, ma toan cau hoa da tro xu the tat yeu cua nen kinh te the gidi thi sir phat trien cua mdi quoc gia deu khdng the di ngupc lai xu the Vi vay, su phat trien KCN VITA cung phai phu hop vdi xu the hoi nhap kinh te quoc te va toan cau hoa Quan diem ddi hoi cac giai phap phat trien phai tinh den cac khia canh: - Phat trien ben vung cac KCN phai dua tren co sd due rut kinh nghiem quoc te, dac biet la cua nhung nudc cd tien de phat trien kinh te tuong tu nhu Viet Nam va ke thira mot each hpp ly dieu kien hien tai cua Thu Vieng Chan, KCN VITA Phat trien cac KCN phai ton cac thong le quoc te va nhung cam ket quoc te, nham tang cudng thu hut su dau tu quoc te vao cac KCN - Cac co che, chinh sach phat trien KCN can quan tam dam bao loi ich lau dai cua ben lien quan la: (i) Doanh nghiep thue dat de san xuat, kinh doanh KCN; (ii) Doanh nghiep phat trien tang KCN va (iii) Nha nudc, dia phuong noi dat KCN * Phat trien cac KCN VITA phai ket hap hai hda giira va ngoai KCN - Can cd qui hoach thong nhat dam bao tinh hieu qua tang kha nang lien ket KCN VITA vdi cac KCN khac nudc va cac doanh nghiep dia phuong Vung Qua cho phep su phat trien KCN dam bao tinh chat ben vung khdng chi ddi vdi ban than KCN VITA ma su lien ket hpp tac vdi cac don vi kinh te khac - Dam bao tinh chat dong bo viec phat trien ca ben va ben ngoai KCN, gan lien su phat trien tang ben KCN vdi viec phat trien tang cac dd thi xung quanh, dam bao cung cap san pham dich vu phuc vu nhu cau tai cho cua 86 cac doanh nghiep KCN cung nhu cua dan cu tren dia ban co KCN - Phat trien cac KCN phai di doi vdi viec cai thien mdi trudng xa hoi (viec lam, ddi song ) cho dia phuong co KCN dac biet la ddi vdi nhung ngudi bi anh hudng true tiep bdi su hinh cua KCN - Str phat trien cua cac KCN phai dam bao khdng lam ton hai den mdi trudng tu nhien va sinh thai tai dia ban co KCN * Cdn co su- ket hop hai hda giu- lai ich trade mat va lau ddi - Phat trien cac KCN phai cd tam nhin dai han lay hieu qua kinh te, xa hoi va mdi trudng la muc tieu cao nhat, phu hop vdi dinh hudng phat trien va phan bo luc luong san xuat mot each hop ly - Viec phat trien va md rong KCN VITA can gan lien vdi cac giai phap lau dai ve giai quyet viec lam nang cao thu nhap va ddi song van hda tinh than cho ngudi dan bi mat dat noi rieng va ngudi dan dia phuong lien ke KCN noi chung - Ket hop quy hoach KCN vdi quy hoach thi nham dam bao khdng chi cho d ma dam bao cac nhu cau van hda, xa hoi lau dai cho ngudi lao dong - Viec phat trien KCN VITA nhat thiet phai co cac giai phap dam bao dupe chat luong lau dai ve mdi trudng dua tren cac tieu thuc bao dam mdi trudng va ngoai KCN tren cac goc do: chi sd o nhiem khdng khi, chi sd o nhiem nudc thai, chi sd o nhiem rac thai KCN 3.2.2 Muc tieu phat trien ben vung khu cdng nghiep VITA KCN VITA den da cd 53 doanh nghiep dau tu va 15 doanh nghiep da hoan thien viec xay dung nha xudng va da dua vao hoat dong Muc tieu ve phat trien ben vung cua KCN VITA thdi gian tdi dupe the hien qua mot sd diem Ve kinh te: KCN VITA du kien se dua them dupe 30 doanh nghiep se di vao san xuat nam 2018 Thu hut dau tu vao KCN de tang ty le lap day KCN hien tai (tren dien tich lOha) len 100% 3-5 nam tdi; Ban quan ly KCN cung co ke hoach phat trien md rong them 500 tuong lai Ve xa hoi: dieu kien sinh hoat ngudi lao dong: KCN VITA phoi hpp vdi Chinh quyen dia phuang va cac doanh nghiep viec phat trien dong bo va 87 ngoai KCN gan lien sir phat trien tang ben KCN vdi viec phat trien tang cac thi xung quanh Qua cai thien dieu kien sinh hoat cua ngudi lao dong KCN va gop phan dam bao an sinh xa hoi vung Ve bao ve mdi trudng KCN: Tich cue hoan thien he thong tang ky thuat cua KCN nhat la he thong xu ly nudc thai KCN va kiem soat viec thuc hien cac quy dinh ve bao ve mdi trudng cac doanh nghiep KCN 3.2.3 Phuong huongphat trien ben vung khu cdng nghiep VITA Dieu chinh dinh hudng phat trien KCN VITA tren mot sd diem: - Dieu chinh qui md KCN theo hudng dem lai hieu qua cao hon Thuc te Ban quan ly KCN cung danh gia vdi toe phat trien nhu hien thi can phai md rong KCN se dem lai hieu qua cao hon - Can phai cd tam nhin dai han, du bao chinh xac kip thdi de dam bao hieu qua khong chi trudc mat ma lau dai Chu phat trien KCN phai gan ket chat che vdi khu vuc xung quanh va phai chuan bi du dieu kien de phat trien KCN vdi toe nhanh hon va d trinh cao hon - Giai doan tu den 2020, KCN VITA can tap trung hoan thien va phat trien nang cao chat lupng co sd tang hien tai va dua vao su dung nham thu hut dau tu de tang ty le lap day KCN Ket qua thuc hien giai doan se la co sd de md rong KCN thdi gian sau - Chu thu hut vao KCN cac nganh san xuat san pham chu luc co the manh cua vung va cac san pham co ham lupng chat xam cao nhu cdng nghe phan mem phan cung; ky thuat dien; co dien tu; san xuat d to, xe dap, xe may; che bien go; det may Khuyen khi'ch phat trien va tao dieu kien hinh cac nganh cdng nghiep ho trp, cac nganh co che tao thiet bi va phu tung cho san xuat o to, xe may, linh kien dien tu, thiet bi dong bo dong co dien (nhat la dong co dien co cdng suat ldn) 3.3 Giai phap tiep tuc phat trien ben vung khu cdng nghiep VITA \ x r 3.3.1 Nhom gidi phap phat trien ben vung khu cong nghiep ve kinh te *Qua phan tich thuc trang va xem xet han che cung nguyen nhan nhung van 88 de ton tai o KCN VITA Tu co the dua mot so can cu chinh de de xuat giai phap doi voi phat trien ben vung ve kinh te KCN VITA nhu sau: - Viec thu hut them cac doanh nghiep dau tu vao KCN (huong toi tang ty le lap day len 100%) va them nhieu doanh nghiep KCN di vao san xuat thdi gian toi, se mang lai nhung loi ich kinh te nhu ve doanh thu va hieu qua su dung dat cua KCN, ngoai tao nguon thu ngan sach tu thue cho dia phuong va quoc gia ma cdn giup tao cong an viec lam cho ngudi lao dong, dac biet la lao dong mat dat san xuat, la dong luc thuc day su phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua dia phuong Qua cung thu hut them su quan tam ho tro cua Nha nuoc va Chinh quyen Thu Vieng Chan - Xuat phat tu cac bai hoc kinh nghiem quoc te, dac biet la KCN Thang Long va VSIP o Viet Nam viec phat trien ben vung va thu hut von dau tu, KCN VITA tai Thu Vieng Chan can co nhung thay doi de cai thien hon nua moi trudng dau tu *Theo do, tac gia muon khuyen nghi mot sd giai phap de phat trien kinh te ben vung nhu sau: - Giai phap ddi vdi KCN VITA: + Tiep tuc thu hut von dau tu va xay dung va nang cap co so tang va ngoai KCN (giao thong, nang luong, thong tin lien lac ) Phoi hop voi Chinh quyen dia phuong, cac doanh nghiep lien quan tham gia xay dung co so tang ca va ngoai KCN, ho tro xay dung co so tang chua thieu, qua tao thuan loi cho viec trien khai hoat dong cua cac nha dau tu vao KCN + Tiep tuc day nhanh thuc hien cong tac cai cach hanh chinh, giam chi phi su dung cac dich vu cong cong va chi phi tu bao dudng co so tang, thu chi phi theo muc hoat dong thuc te (khi ty le lap day KCN, doanh thu, kim ngach xuat khau, tang dan thi chi phi binh quan cac doanh nghiep KCN duoc giam di) Qua tao dieu kien cho cac doanh nghiep cdn kho khan co dieu kien nhanh chong phat trien san xuat Ben canh do, phai co co che khuyen khich cac phan kinh te (ke ca cac nha DTNN) tham gia dau tu co so tang KCN Viec se giup tang 89 tinh canh tranh cua KCN va qua cd the giam dang ke chi phi su dung tang (gia thue dat, phi mdi truang dien nude, lien lac ) cho cac nha dau tu KCN + Ben canh can phai xac dinh rd nganh cdng nghiep the manh cd kha nang canh tranh va thu hut dau tu qudc te doi vdi KCN VITA de tu tap trung chinh sach thu hut dau tu doi vdi linh vuc Mot sd nganh cd loi the d Lao noi chung va thu Vieng Chan noi rieng cd the de cap tdi nhu la nganh may mac, che bien lam san + Can tang cudng cdng tac phoi hap vdi Nha nudc Chinh quyen dia phuang va cac KCN khac cac hoat dong lien ket, cac hoat dong xue tien dau tu trao doi kinh nghiem thu hut dau tu - Gidi phap ddi vdi Co' quan quan ly Nha nudc va dia phuong: + Ho tra KCN VITA cac hoat dong lien ket va xue tien dau tu Can cd cac bien phap ho tra viec xay dung va lam sau sac cac lien ket Viec thu hut cung can cd muc tieu nhat la cac tap doan xuyen qudc gia cd lmh vuc san xuat, che tao phu hpp vdi tiem nang dia phuang Dieu can dupe coi la mot phan cua chien luoc thu hut dau tu nudc ngoai ddi vdi cac KCN cd KCN VITA + Ho trp ve tai chinh cdng nghe va dao tao dong vai trd rat quan trong viec nang cao nang luc cua nganh cdng nghiep ho trp nudc, cac nha cung cap tiem nang Tir giup tang tinh hap dan thu hut cac MNC va tang kha nang lien ket giua cac doanh nghiep san xuat KCN + Can cd cac bien phap de khuyen khich chuyen giao cdng nghe tir cac doanh nghiep mua sang cac doanh nghiep cung cap nham cung cd su hpp tac cdng nghe giua hai ben Nang luc cdng nghe cua cac doanh nghiep nudc la yeu td quyet dinh kha nang dap ung dupe yeu cau trd nha cung cap cho cac MNC Ngay cang nhieu cac doanh nghiep FDI doi hoi cac dan vi cung ung phai thoa man dupe cac tieu chuan chat lupng Do vay viec nang cap cdng nghe cua cac nha cung cap dia phuang can dupe coi la mot uu tien quan + Tiep tuc danh nhung uu tien cho phat trien ngudn nhan luc, nhat la dao tao 90 nhan lire cho viec xay dirng va cung cd cac lien ket Nhung cong cu chinh sach d day bao gom cac chuong trinh phat trien nhan luc cho cac doanh nghiep nhd va vira hoac chuong trinh dao tao lien ket giua nha cung cap va khach hang A \ 3.3.2 Nhom gidi phap ve dam bao an sinh, dieu kien sinh hoat khu cong nghiep *Mot so can cur tir thuc trang va cac han che, nguyen nhan nhung ton tai cho thay: -Cac doanh nghiep thuong ddi hoi ngudi lao dong lap tire phai dap ung duoc nhu cau ky thuat doanh nghiep cung la van de kho khan Trong nhieu lao dong dia phuong cdn chua dupe dao tao de phu hop vdi yeu cau Nhin chung thi ddi song vat chat, tinh than cua ngudi lao dong cac KCN cdn rat kho khan do: Thieu su cham lo, quan tam thoa dang tir phia chinh quyen dia phuong, BQL cac KCN va cac doanh nghiep viec cung cap cac dieu kien ve nha d, nha van hoa hay td chuc cac hoat dong van hoa phuc vu ngudi lao dong Ngudi lao dong cac doanh nghiep phan ldn la lao dong tay nghe thap vdi cac cong viec gian don nhieu ngudi chi qua dao tao mot vai thang hoac duoc dao tao qua hinh there dupe tho cu kern cap nen thu nhap thudng kha thap, chi du trang trai cho ddi song sinh hoat hang nen ddi song vat chat kho khan *Theo de dam bao an sinh, dieu kien sinh hoat khu cong nghiep tac gia cung de xuat mot sd giai phap: - Gidiphap ddi vdi KCN VITA: + Tich cue tham gia cac hoat dong va phoi hpp dao tao nhung ky nang can thiet cho ngudi lao dong Khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep KCN tham gia dao tao ngudi lao dong Co cau dao tao can dua tren du bao nhu cau theo qui hoach phat trien KCN va theo don dat hang true tiep cua cac doanh nghiep KCN Khuyen khich cac cac hinh thuc dao tao tai chuc ngoai gid hanh chinh de tao dieu kien cho ngudi lao dong hoc tap, nang cao trinh + Trudc thuc trang thieu hut ve nha d cho cong nhan va cac dieu kien sinh hoat van hoa tinh than cho ngudi lao dong Ban quan ly KCN ben canh viec phoi 91 hop de xuat vdi Chinh quyen dia phuong thi cung can chu dong phat trien tang xa hoi nhu nha d cho thue va cac co sd cung cap dich vu sinh hoat cho ngudi lao dong gidi han kha nang cua minh va phdi hop vdi cac doanh nghiep hay Nha nudc Neu chi doi vao so ngudi lao dong cu tru khu vuc thi chac chan KCN VITA se thieu ngudn lao dong tram - Gidi phap ddi vai Ca quan quan ly Nha nude va dia phuang: + Nha nudc can cd chinh sach khuyen khich va ho tro cac doanh nghiep KCN tu dao tao lao dong (tai cho hoac gui di dao tao tai nudc ngoai), gop phan giai quyet tinh trang thieu hut lao dong dac biet la lao dong ky thuat + Chinh quyen can khuyen khich cac don vi ca nhan va ngoai nudc xay dung nha d cho cdng nhan, vua dam bao my quan cho cac khu lan can, vua thuan tien cho viec quan ly he thong nha tro, dam bao an ninh trat tu noi chung De lam duoc dieu thi cung can sir phdi hop cua Nha nudc, Thu Vieng Chan va cac doanh nghiep Hien tai Thu Vieng Chan da cd chu truong cho cac chu dau tu KCN dau tu xay dung khu dan cu nam lien ke vdi KCN vdi muc tieu de tao qui nha cho d cho ngudi lao dong cac KCN Tuy nhien, viec trien khai kha cham Them vao muc dich cua nhieu nha dau tu lai uu tien ve xay nha can ho de ban ma it de cho thue, gia cac can ho, nha d cac khu dan cu ke tren khong he re nen cho du cd di vao su dung thi cung chi danh cho ngudi cd thu nhap cao nen muc tieu giai quyet cho d cho ngudi lao dong la kho cd the dat duoc + Ben canh hoat dong dao tao, nha nudc can phdi hop vdi dia phuong co chinh sach tao mdi trudng song lanh manh va cham lo ddi song cho lao dong lam viec KCN Chinh sach duoc the hien thong qua cac chu truong xay dung cac khu dich vu ho tro ben canh KCN, phat trien cac loai hinh cung cap dich vu luu tru, dich vu van hoa the thao, dich vu thuong mai cung cap cac san pham can thiet cho ddi song cua ngudi lao dong, cd nhu vay mdi dam bao tao dieu kien cho ngudi lao dong an tam gan bo lau dai vdi dia ban va vdi KCN + Ddi vdi KCN VITA cd mot luong Ion ngudi lao dong nudc ngoai va tir dia phuong khac Vi vay, tuong lai, viec phat trien cac phuong tien giao thong 92 cong cdng xay dung nha d cong cong, nha d tro cung se la van de quan de tao ngudn lao dong ddi dao cho cac KCN + Ddi vdi ngudi lao dong tai dia phuang nhat la nhung ngudi nong dan cd dat bi thu hoi de xay dung KCN thi can phai cd bien phap ho tra dao tao nang cao chat luong ngudn nhan luc va ky luat cua lao dong cua ngudi cd dat bi thu hoi Qua cung cd the dao tao them ngudn nhan luc de phat trien KCN Muon vay, can phai cung cd he thdng giao due thdng va day nghe, doi mdi noi dung va chuang trinh dao tao cua cac co sd dao tao Do vay, each tot nhat la thuc hien di dan tai dinh cu hoac thu hoi dat, can danh gia dung thuc trang lao dong, viec lam cua nhung ho sau bi thu hoi dat Tren co sd nha nudc, cac ca sd day nghe, cac doanh nghiep mdi cd duoc ke hoach dao tao, bdi dudng trinh chuyen mon nghiep vu cho ngudi lao dong sat vdi yeu cau cua cac doanh nghiep Dieu tranh cho ngudi lao dong khdng du nang luc nhung van theo hoc de roi lai hoac tu bo nghe hoac bi doanh nghiep sa thai Ben canh do, can thiet phai cd su lira ren luyen ky luat lao dong va tac phong cdng nghiep cho ngudi lao dong + Ngoai cung can nghien cuu tong ket, nhan rong cac md hinh hieu qua tao viec lam cho ngudi lao dong vung chuyen doi muc dich su dung dat nong nghiep nhu lap quy ho tra day nghe tu tien thu cua dia phuang cho thue dat va tu ngudn kinh phi giai phong mat bang, su ho tra cua ngan sach va cua doanh nghiep; danh ty le nhat dinh dat cho cac ho gia dinh vung chuyen ddi dat de lam kinh te gia dinh (dich vu), giai quyet viec lam cho sd lao dong ldn tuoi; td chuc khu tai dinh cu theo nghe nghiep de gan tai dinh cu vdi tai tao viec lam; phat trien dich vu ngoai KCN Ddi vdi lao dong tre nen dung mot phan tien den bu de dao tao nghe bat buoc cho ho, dong thdi cd co che buoc cac doanh nghiep phi nong nghiep duac su dung dat thu hoi phai cd trach nhiem tuyen dung sd nien duoc dao tao vao lam viec + Nha nudc cung phai dua quy hoach chinh sach hap ly de huy dong ngudn luc xa hoi xay dung nha d tap trung cho cdng nhan Day la yeu cau khdng the thieu de dam bao yeu td lao dong cho KCN Day cung la giai phap quan de 93 nang cao chat luong cuoc song cho nguoi lao dong lam viec cac KCN thong qua viec tao dieu kien cho ho co noi an chon d on dinh gop phan bao dam cuoc song Dia phuong can co chinh sach phoi hpp vdi chu dau tu xay dung he thong ket cau tang hoan chinh tai cac khu vuc quy hoach xay dung nha cho cong nhan KCN trudc doanh nghiep dau tu xay dung nha d; Khdng giao dat rieng le tai nhung khu dat chua dupe dau tu xay dung he thong tang ky thuat 3.3.3 Nhom gidi phap ve dam bao ve sinh mdi trudng khu cong nghiep Nhin chung, thuc trang cong tac dam bao ve sinh mdi trudng hien d KCN VITA cung da cd nhung ket qua nhat dinh viec xay dung he thong xu ly vung Tuy nhien, cd the thay van de mdi trudng cang dupe quan tam tren the gidi va viec thuc hien tot cac van de ve mdi trudng khdng chi la bat budc ma co the tro loi the cua cac KCN viec thu hut dau tu (nhu tai KCN VSIP I Binh Duong, Viet Nam) Cac nudc tren the gidi da co lich su phat trien KCN lau ddi da cd nhieu kinh nghiem xu ly van de mdi trudng KCN Viec hoc tap cac kinh nghiem quan ly mdi trudng tir cac nudc di trudc la het sue can thiet Mot sd giai phap ve mdi trudng ma tac gia khuyen nghi nhu sau - G7dz phap ddi vdi KCN VITA: + Tiep tuc hoan thien co sd tang xu ly nudc thai KCN va phat trien tang cho viec xu ly chat thai KCN Ho trp ve ky thuat kinh nghiem va cd co che phu hpp khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep KCN thuc hien dam bao quan ly ve mdi trudng KCN + Thanh lap bo may chuyen trach cong tac BVMT KCN, doanh nghiep can chu dong tim giai phap thoa dang nham giai quyet hai hoa mdi quan he loi ich chi phi de dau tu he thong xu ly chat thai tap trung va cho rieng tirng doanh nghiep KCN + Xay dung chuong trinh cu the va dinh ky td chuc tuyen truyen nang cao nhan thuc BVMT cho cac doanh nghiep va cong nhan lao dong KCN + Xay dung qui che va tang cudng cong tac quan ly, dieu hanh cac loai 94 phuong tien vao KCN mot each hop ly nham giam thieu tinh trang gay bui va tieng on den moi truong xung quanh cac phuong tien giao thong gay tu xay dung cho den dua KCN vao khai thac, van hanh + Hoc tap kinh nghiem cac noi khac quy hoach va phat trien mang ludi cay xanh tham cd de giam thieu anh huong tu hoat dong cua KCN tdi mdi trudng xunh quanh + Lien ket vdi cac doanh nghiep chuyen ve lmh vuc xu ly mdi trudng cung tham gia dau tu he thong xu ly chat thai tap KCN, nhat la cac tram xu ly nudc thai theo cdng nghe phu hop va linh hoat theo giai doan (kieu module) dam bao tieu chuan quy dinh va thu phi xu ly nudc thai cua cac doanh nghiep KCN - Gidi phap ddi vcxi Ca quan quan ly Nha nude va dia phuang: + Can nang cao chat lupng cdng tac tham dinh lap KCN nhat la tham dinh ve yeu to mdi trudng Theo do, ho so du an kha thi phai danh gia dupe tong lupng thai, nudc thai rac thai va chat thai nguy hai cac doanh nghiep KCN thai cung nhu mure o nhiem mdi trudng KCN de tir cd phuong an dau tu xay dung he thong xu ly chat thai vdi quy md, chat lupng xu ly dat yeu cau Dong thdi, luan chung cu the von dau tu va phuong an huy dong von de xay dung cac cdng trinh xur ly chat thai Ket hop giua viec soat cac che tai xir ly hanh vi gay o nhiem mdi trudng vdi viec ho trp cac don vi cd lien quan de cham dirt tinh trang o nhiem hien tai, dac biet la tinh trang o nhiem ngudn nudc va o nhiem thai + Nha nudc phai cd cac qui dinh day du va hop ly ve BVMT tu khau qui hoach phat trien KCN Nhung qui dinh hien van nhieu bat cap chua hop ly va chua khoa hoc dan den su tuan thu chua triet de cua cac KCN, dac biet la qui dinh ve viec xay dung khu xu ly nudc thai tap trung cho mdi KCN Thu hut dau tu vao KCN gan trung tam kinh te chinh tri nhu Thu Vieng Chan, can dupe tien hanh theo hudng uu tien nhung nganh cdng nghiep sach, it o nhiem, bao dam co cau nganh nghe phu ho kha nang va thuc te giai quyet o nhiem cua dia phuong Nhung du an cd cung nganh nghe va gay o nhiem cao nen dupe bo tri vao 95 mot KCN de thuan tien cho cong tac xu ly chat thai + Nha nudc co co che khuyen khich nang cao tinh than trach nhiem cua cac doanh nghiep tham gia BVMT Co che khuyen khich co the bao gom cac noi dung nhu khong thu tien thue dat doi vdi dien tich xay dung co sd tang xu ly chat thai va nudc thai BVMT, ke ca khu xu ly tap trung va cac khu xu ly cuc bo cac doanh nghiep DOng thdi, nha nudc cung nen co co che ho tro doanh nghiep (cho vay lai suat thap hoac ho tro lai suat, thudng) doi vdi phan von dau tu cho xay dung tang xu ly moi trudng, hoac ho tro tao dieu kien uu tien cho cac doanh nghiep su dung cong nghe it gay ton hai cho moi trudng Ho tro ve tai chinh cho viec xay dung cac cong trinh xu ly nudc thai tap trung doi vdi cac dia phuong khong du dieu kien ho tro von ngan sach trung uong cho cong trinh xu ly nudc thai tap trung + Qui hoach cac KCN chuyen nganh de giam thieu phuc tap xu ly o nhiem, vi neu cung mot KCN co nhieu doanh nghiep thuoc nganh nghe khac thi cdng nghe xu ly moi trudng cung doi hoi da dang, ton kem va kho quan ly Viec tap trung cac doanh nghiep co cung nganh nghe mot KCN se tao dieu kien dau tu tap trung vao co sd tang va cong nghe xu ly moi trudng, nang cao hieu qua cong tac phOng ngua cac nguyen nhan gay o nhiem, xu ly triet de va co hieu qua tinh trang o nhiem tai cac KCN + Doi vdi tat ca cac KCN chua co he thong xu ly nudc thai tap trung, can yeu cau doanh nghiep phat trien tang KCN cam ket, len ke hoach dau tu xay dung he thong va giam chat che cam ket Vdi cac KCN mdi qui hoach can lam ro yeu cau hoan tat viec xay dung nha may xu ly nudc thai trudc KCN di vao hoat dong Ngoai ra, nha nudc can co qui dinh thong nhat viec cac doanh nghiep KCN phai dau noi, dua nudc thai tu doanh nghiep vao he thong xu ly nudc thai chung cua KCN vi hien tai chua co qui dinh ro rang van de 96 KET LUAN Luan van vdi muc tieu lam ro tinh ben vung phat trien KCN Vita thdi gian qua, qua da de xuat duoc phuong hudng, giai phap phat trien ben vung KCN Vita tai thu Vieng Chan thdi gian tdi Luan van ke thua va xay dung duoc he thong tieu chi danh gia phat trien ben vung KCN gidi han cua minh Ngoai thdng qua cac bai hoc kinh nghiem, tac gia cung nhan thay duoc mot so van de the manh cua cac dia phuong giai quyet van de phat trien ben vung va qua phan tich danh gia thuc trang phat trien cua KCN VITA de xuat mot so noi dung giai phap chu dao cac lTnh vuc phat trien kinh te ben vung an sinh dieu kien sinh hoat cua ngudi lao dong va bao ve mdi trudng KCN VITA Vdi he thdng cac luan diem, phan tich hien trang va de xuat cac giai phap cua luan van “Phat trien ben vung khu cong nghiep Vita tai thu Vieng Chan Cong hoa Dan chu Nhan dan Lao”, tac gia hy vong se dong gop mot phan cong sue cua minh cho su phat trien cua KCN VITA, mot nhung dac khu kinh te dac biet cua nudc CHDCND Lao Mac du luan van da dat duoc nhung ket qua dat dupe nhat dinh, song viec nghien cuu van cdn rat nhieu han che thdi gian va dieu kien khdng cho phep Du cd nhieu nd luc de hoan luan van nhien, luan van van cdn ton tai nhung van de khdng the nghien cuu day du Tac gia cung mong muon co dieu kien thi co the thuc hien cac nghien cuu tiep theo mot each day du hon va tiep tuc phat trien hon nua nghien cuu cua minh 97 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO r Tieng Anh Ernest A Lowe (2001), Eco-industrial Park Handbook for Asian Developing Countries, Asian Development Bank Raymond P Cote' a & E Cohen-Rosenthal (1998), Designing eco- industrial parks: a synthesis of some experiences Journal of Cleaner Production, p.181-188 Tieng Viet Cue Thong ke (2007), Nien giam thdng ke Thu Vieng Chan Cue Thong ke (2008), Nien giam thong ke Thu Vieng Chan Cue Thong ke (2009), Nien giam thdng ke Thu Vieng Chan Cue Thong ke (2010), Nien giam thdng ke Thu Vieng Chan Dang nhan dan each mang Lao (2011), Nghi quyet Dai hoi Dang toan quoc lan thu IX Dang nhan dan each mang Lao (2011), Van kien Dai hoi dang toan quoc lan thu IX Nguyen Hai Bac (2010), Nghien cuu van de phat trien ben vung cdng nghiep tren dia ban tinh Thdi Nguyen, Trudng Dai hoc kinh te quoc dan 10 Pham Manh Cu’dng (2015), Phat trien ben vung cac khu cdng nghiep tren dia ban tinh Thdi Nguyen, Hoc vien chinh tri quoc gia Ho Chi Minh 11 UBND Thu Vieng Chan (2003), Quy hoach phat trien ngudn nhan luc Thu Vieng Chan den nam 2015 12 UBND Thu Vieng Chan (2003), Quy hoach tong the phat trien kinh te - xa hoi Thu Vieng Chan den nam 2020 13 Vu Thanh Hudng (2010), Phat trien cac khu cdng nghiep vung kinh te r r a r diem Bac Bo theo huang ben vung, Trudng Dai hoc kinh te quoc dan 14 http://lao-vita.com, “About Vita Park”, tai dia chi http://lao- 98 vita.com/aboutus.html [truy cap 15/3/2018] 15 http://en.vietstock.vn “VITA Park officially opens for investment’', tai dia chi http://en.vietstock.vn/2014/08/vita-park-officially-opens-for-investment-71 - 183577.htm [truy cap 15/3/2018] 16 http://khucongnghiep.com.vn, “Mot so van de ve chinh sach phat trien KCN, KCX, KKT theo Luat Dau tu 2014 va dinh huong chinh sach den nam 2025, tam nhin den nam 2035’’ tai dia chi [http://khucongnghiep.com.vn/tabid/65/articletype/ArticleView/articleId/1372/defau lt.aspx] 17 http://annx.asianews.network, “Lao govt targeting 140 companies for SEZs in 2018”, tai dia chi http://annx.asianews.network/content/lao-govt-targeting140-companies-sezs-2018-64179 [truy cap 12/3/2018] 18 http://vietnamexport.com, “Lao - Trung Quoc : Khu cong nghiep thuong mai Vieng Chan’’, tai dia chi http://vietnamexport.com/lao-trung-quockhucong-nghiep-thuong-mai-vieng-chan/vn254079.html [truy cap 12/3/2018] 19 http://vsip.com.vn “Tam nhin xanh tir mot khu cong nghiep kieu mau”, tai dia chi http://vsip.com.vn/tin-moi/vsip-vision-for-green-future/Lhtml [truy cap 12/3/2018] 20 http://www.investlaos.gov.la “Sepecail Economic Zone (SEZ)”, tai dia chi http://www.investlaos.gov.la/index.php/where-to-invest/special-economic- zone?limitstart=0 [truy cap 12/3/2018] 21 http://jclao.com, “Labour Shortage Impedes Industry Development” tai dia chi http://jclao.com/labour-shortage-impedes-industry-development/ [truy cap 12/3/2018] 18 Turn it in Document Viewer Turnitin Originality Report Pr,.H.esseil on 20IK1 i its I : 5*9 »Q7 ID: 9921-1 Word Count: 44320 Subiiiilted I Luan van hoan thien By Souliya KHOTSOMBATH Similarity by Source Similarity Index 16% include quoted print mode, include bibliography quickview (classic) report : Internet Sources: Publications Student Papers: excluding matches < 30 words 15% 4% 10% v download ▼ 1% match (Internet from 23-Feb-2018) http://www.zbook.vn 1% match (student papers from 19-Dec-2017) Submitted to Vietnam Commercial University on 2017-12-19 1% match (Submitted to Thuong Mai University) Submitted to Thuong Mai University 1% match (Internet from 05-Jan-2013) ht t p://khptailieu.vn 1% match (Internet from 04-May-2015) 1% match (Internet from 23-Jan-2018) http://www.hcma.vn 1% match (Internet from 30-Apr-2015)