Luận văn khai thác hải sản trên biển ở việt nam theo hướng bền vững

L V ThS 4288 MUC LUC Trang DANH MUC CHU* VIET TAT DANH MUC BANG, BIEU, SO DO Ldl Md DAU CHUONG MOT SO VAN DE LY LUAN VE KHAI THAC HAI SAN THEO HUONG BEN VUNG: r a 1.1 Mot so khai niem, vai tro ve khai thac hai san z a a 1.1.1 Mot so khai niem co ban ve khai thac nguon lpi hai san 1.1.2 Vai tro cua nganh khai thac hai san 1.1.3 Dac diem nganh khai thac hai san e A A 1.2 Co so ly luan ve phat trien nganh khai thac hai san theo hudng ben vung 1.2.1 Quan diem phat trien ben vung 7 A 1.2.2 Quan diem phat trien ben vung d Viet Nam .11 1.2.3 Quan diem phat trien ben vung khai thac hai san 13 1.2.4 Tieu chi va dau hieu danh gia khai thac hai san theo hubng ben vung 16 A Z ' 1.2.5 Su can thiet phat trien khai thac hai san d Viet Nam theo hudng ben vung 20 1.2.6 Kinh nghiem cua mot so nude khu vuc Dong A va bai hoc van dung cho Viet Nam 23 CHlTONG 2: THlTC TRANG KHAI THAC HAI SAN TREN BIEN VIETNAM 33 2.1 Lich su hinh thanh, phat trien khai thac hai san d Viet Nam 33 2.1.1 Qua trinh phat trien cua Nganh Thuy san 33 2.1.2 Qua trinh phat trien khai thac thuy san cua Viet Nam 33 2.2 Nhan to tac dong den khai thac hai san theo hudng ben vung 35 A A 2.2.1 Tiem nang, nguon loi thuy, hai san d nude ta 35 2.2.2 Quan ly cua nha nude khai thac hai san 37 2.2.3 Y thuc cua ngu dan khai thac hai san 43 A 2.3 Danh gia khai thac hai san theo hudng ben vung d Viet Nam 46 2.3.1 Danh gia phat trien ben vung noi tai nganh khai thac hai san 46 2.3.2 Danh gia tac dong lan toa cua nganh khai thac hai san 59 2.4 Danh gia chung ve tinh ben vung phat trien khai thac hai san 70 2.4.1 Mat duoc 70 2.4.2 Nhtrng bieu hien thieu ben vung 71 2.4.3 Nguyen nhan cua nhung bieu hien thieu ben vung 75 CHUONG 3: MOT SO GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN KHAI THAC HAI SAN TREN BIEN VIET NAM THEO HU'ONG BEN VUNG 78 3.1 Quan diem, muc tieu va dinh hudng phat trien ben vung nganh khai thac hai san 78 3.1.1 Quan diem phat trien 78 3.1.2 Muc tieu phat trien 79 3.1.3 Dinh huong phat trien 80 /• ' 3.2 Mot so giai phap phat trien khai thac hai san theo huong ben vung 84 3.2.1 Giai phap ve quan ly khai thac hai san tren bien 84 3.2.2 Giai phap tang cuong ap dung khoa hoc- cong nghe khai thac hai san 92 3.2.3 Dao tao nguon nhan luc chat luong cao cho khai thac hai san 93 \ A 3.2.4 Giai phap phat trien co so tang nghe ca 96 3.2.5 Nhom giai phap ve nang cao nhan thuc doi voi phat trien ben vung khai thac hai san va y thuc tuan thu phap luat 99 3.2.6 Giai phap ve tang cuong cong tac bao ve moi truong bien 100 3.2.7 Dam bao quoc phong, an ninh tren bien va giai quyet cac tranh chap bien Dong 102 KETLUAN 104 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 106 DANH MUC CAC CHU VIET TAT CNH - HDH Cong nghiep hoa - Hien dai hoa CV Cong suat HTX Hop tac xa KBTB Khu bao ton bien KTHS Khai thac hai san PTBV Phat trien ben vung PTNT Phat trien nong thon DANH MUC CAC BANG, HINH VE, SO DO DANH MUC BANG Bang 1.1 Cac tieu chi su dung danh gia PTBV nganh KTHS 18 Bang 1.2 Dac trung co ban cua nghe ca cac nude khu vuc 36 N A A Bang 2.1 Tong nguon loi va nguon loi co kha nang khai thac ben vung nam 2006-2007 36 Bang 2.2 Anh hudng cua bao doi vdi nganh Thuy san 45 Bang 2.3.San luong thuy san khai thac 47 r r Bang 2.4 So tau danh bat hai san xa bd 52 Bang 2.5 Tong cong suat cac tau danh bat hai san xa bd 53 Bang 2.6 San luong va ty san luong khai thac xa bd 53 Bang 2.7 Doanh thu, chi phi va loi nhuan mot so nghe KTHS tren cac cd tau N _ tai vung bien mien Trung 57 Bang 2.8 Doanh thu, chi phi va loi nhuan mot so nghe KTHS tren cac cd tau tai vung bien mien Nam Bo 58 Bang 3.1 San luong khai thac den nam 2020/ tong nguon loi hai san 81 DANH MUC HINH VE, BIEU Hinh 1.1 Quan diem circ phat trien ben vung Bieu 2.1 Bieu the hien moi quan he giua so luong tau va san luong khai thac 48 Bieu 2.2 Bieu Quan he gitra san luong va nang suat khai thac .49 Bieu 2.3 Bieu quan he san luong va cong suat tau thuyen 50 DANH MUC SO DO So dd 1.1 So dd PTBV .13 So 1.2 Moi Quan he giua Con ngudi va Moi trudng 14 N 9 f 9 So 1.3 Anh hudng cua khai thac ca bien doi vdi hai thuc the cua PTBV: Con ngudi va moi trudng TOM TAT KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU CUA LUAN VAN Nghe khai thac thuy san the gibi hien da hoan toan bac bo quan r x niem: Nguon led thuy thuy san la vo tan va dai duong rat hao phong Chi sau mot thod gian ngan, cac phuong tien khai thac tang trubng rat nhanh va hien dai, thi moi doi tupng thuy san b ven hay xa bo, b tang nubc nong hay sau, X ' A X ket dan hay phan tan, hau nhu tat ca deu da va dang bi khai thac tnet de, san lupng khai thac khong nhung khong tang ma ngupc lai co xu hubng giam sut Nhieu loai ca kinh te da bi ton thuong nghiem trong, kha nang tai tao quan co Viet Nam Nubc ta co bb bien dai, lai co nguon tai nguyen to lbn de phat trien tat ca cac nganh, linh vuc, co nganh khai thac hai san Nganh khai thac hai san dupe coi la mot nam nganh mui nhon kinh te bien cua nubc ta, gop phan tang them viec lam, xoa doi, giam ngheo cho ngu dan va vung bai ngang ven bien va dac biet da gop phan quan trong viec bao ve vung chac chu quyen lanh hai cua nubc ta Tuy nhien, ben canh nhung ket qua dat dupe, ■ •> XX /■ khai thac hai san tren bien nubc ta noi len nhieu ton tai, han che do, noi r x e len la: hieu qua khai thac dat thap, nguon lpi hai san vung ven bb giam sut ii > r nghiem trang va cang suy kiet; doi song ngu dan gap nhieu kho khan; an X ninh trat tu tren bien phai chiu nhieu kho khan, rui ro X Chinh vi nhung co hoi, thach thuc va tiem nang cua nude ta hien tai X X cung nhu tuong lai ve phat trien thuy san ben vung - dac biet la khai thac hai san tac gia da lua chon de tai: ‘Khai thac hai san tren bien fi Viet Nam Q A theo turfing ben virng” de lam luan van thac sy Tom luoc co" so’ ly luan va phuong phap nghien cuu cua Luan van 1.1 Co' so' ly luan X Trong pham vi luan van, co so ly luan dupe tac gia trinh bay bao gom X X chung ve phat trien khai thac hai san theo huong ben vung X _ 1.1.1 Cff sb' ly luan ve khai thac hai san * Mot so khai niem khai thac hai san Nguon lpi thuy, hai san la tai nguyen sinh vat vung nude tu X va phat trien nguon lpi thuy, hai san X X Tai tao nguon loi thuy, hai san: la qua trinh tu phuc hoi hoac hoat dong cua ngudi lam phuc hoi, gia tang nguon lpi thuy, hai san x r Hoat dong thuy san: la viec tien hanh khai thac, nudi trong, van chuyen r r r i thuy san khai thac, bao quan, che bien, mua ban, xuat khau, nhap khau thuy X X san; dich vu hoat dong thuy san, dieu tra, bao ve va phat trien nguon lpi thuy hai san Khai thac hai san: la viec su dung cac cong cu, phuong tien khai thac nguon lpi tu nhien tren bien, dam, pha va cac vung nude tu nhien khac vung ven bien Khai thac hai san xa ba: la hoat dong khai thac hai san dune tien hanh d vung bien xa bd co sau tu 3Om trd len (doi vdi vung bien Bae bo, Dong- Tay Nam bo, Vinh Thai lan); tu 50m trd len (doi vdi vung bien mien Trung) * Dae diem nganh khai thac hai san r (1) nganh khai thac hai san la mang tinh rui ro cao hau, thdi tiet va thien tai (2) hoat dong khai thac hai san bi anh hudng cua nhung tai nan tren bien (3) hieu qua khai thac hai san phu thuoc ldn vao nguon loi hai san va luon luon mang tinh thdi vu tren cac ngu trudng khac (4) hieu qua khai thac phu thuoc vao tr'inh phat trien va dau tu ?A Al • ZA • r nganh cong nghiep cua moi nudc r •> r a (5) la nganh khai thac va cung cap thuc pham tuoi song cho nhu cau thi trudng, nen viec dau tu cong nghe bao quan sau thu hoach, van chuyen va so che san pham la rat can thiet de co hieu qua cao r a (6) khai thac va quan ly hai san luon gan vdi nghe ca nhan dan 1.1.2 Ca sff ly luan ve phat trien nganh khai thac hai can theo htrhng A •7 phai irina bra vaag * Khai niem phat trien ben vung khai thac hai san Phat trien ben vung la qua tr'inh phat trien co su ket hop chat che, hop ly, hai hoa giua mat cua su phat trien, gom: tang trudng kinh te, cai thien r r za a -4- za ~ za • a za a cac van de xa hoi va bao ve moi trudng A A A A Khai thac ben vung nguon loi hai san la khai thac mot phan nguon loi co san, cho phan lai chu trinh mot nam co the sinh san va khoi phuc lai dan nhu trang thai ban dau Nhd the, co the tri duoc nguon loi lau dai [Bach khoa thuy san,2007] Nhu vay, PTBV KTHS phai duoc xem xet tren hai goc do: (1) Duy tri tinh chat ben vung va hieu qua hoat dong cua ban than nganh KTHS (2) 93 r r a Nghien cuu, thiet ke, ap dung cac loai may toi, thiet bi co de tung buoc co hoa, hien dai hoa cac khau thao tac tren tau +Hien dai hod ngw cu va phuong phap khai thac r r - Nghien cuu, ap dung cong nghe vat lieu va che tao ngu cu nhu che tao y r day, luoi, phao, chi tung buoc thay the hang ngoai nhap va tao dieu kien cho co hoa, hien dai hoa cac khau ky thuat khai thac - Tiep tuc nghien cuu cai tien ngu cu va phuong phap khai thac de chuyen hudng khai thac theo chat luong va gia tri san pham - Su dung cdng nghe luoi vay dudi khai thac ca ngu (ke ca ca ngir dai duong), tung buoc thay the cdng nghe luoi vay tha luoi ben man hien - Nghien cuu, thiet ke, ap dung mau luoi keo dam bao khai thac hieu qua d vung bien xa bd, chu y nang cao toc dat luoi - Day manh nghien cuu, ap dung cac ngu cu cd tinh chon loc, khai thac ca cau vang) y r r - Nghien cuu cac phuong phap dieu khien doi tugng danh bat nhu su dung anh sang, cha rao, am de nang cao nang suat danh bat cua ngu < y < cu, dac biet doi vdi mot sd nghe hoat dong khai thac xa bd r y + Ap dung cdng nghe bao quan san pham sau thu hoach - Nghien cuu ap dung cdng nghe va thiet bi bao quan tren tau de tang chat luong san pham khai thac - Nghien cuu cac mo hinh to chuc khai thac ket hop dich vu tren bien nham giam chi phi san xuat va tang chat luong san pham sau khai thac r y 3.2.3 Dao tao nguon nhan lire chat luong cao cho khai thac hai san Md rong xa hoi hoa viec dao tao cho lao dong nghe ca Trudc mat -■ y y tap trung cap bang thuyen trudng, may trudng cho cac tau khai thac ca cd r y y r cong suat may ldn, dao tao nghe cho thuyen vien, nhat la khai thac xa bd Thuc hien cac ldp dao tao cho sd lao dong chuyen doi nghe khai thac ven bd 94 sang lam cac dich vu du lich ven bien va chuyen doi nghe khai thac ven bb sang nghe nong nghiep, nghe cong nghiep, thuong mai dich vu, xay dung cac diem khuyen nong, khuyen ngu de hudng dan ky thuat mdi cho ngu dan phai chuyen doi nghe nghiep Tang cudng trang thiet bi, co sd vat chat va nhan luc cho cac trudng dai hoc, trung hoc ky thuat, cong nhan ky thuat hien cd, lap mdi mot so trudng dai hoc, trung hoc ky thuat, cong nhan ky thuat d cac vung de bao dam du sue dao tao ngudn nhan luc cho linh vuc KTHS r r a + Cung cd phat trien eff sff dao tao boi dud’ng Khu vuc mien Bae - Dau tu nang cap trang thiet bi trudng Cao dang Thuy san , co sd dao tao ky thuat thuy san r r - Cung co nang cap trudng Cong nhan Ky thuat Thuy san A A ' A - Duy tri, cung co, dau tu nang cap trudng Cao dang nghe thuy san Hai Phong, Thanh Hoa - Cung co, phat huy kha nang cua cac trung tam khuyen ngu dia phuong A Khu vuc mien Trung r a r - Dau tu nang cap trang thiet bi trudng Dai Hoc Thuy san Nha Trang - Thanh lap mdi trudng Cong nhan Ky thuat Thuy san tai Da Nang hoac Hue r r - Cung cd , phat huy khuyen ngu tai dia phuong Khu vuc mien Nam - Dau tu nang cap trudng Ky thuat NV thuy san II len cao ding r a - Dau tu trang thiet bi cho phan vien Dai hoc Thuy san tai Kien Giang r r - Cung cd, phat huy kha nang cua Trung tam Khuyen ngu dia phuong ' A - Ngoai he thong cac co sd dao tao cong lap, khuyen khich su phat trien cac co sd dao tao cua cac tong cong ty, cac doanh nghiep, cac to chuc kinh te - xa hoi 95 + Phan bd quy mo tuyen sinh cho cac cor scr dao tao (Truong Dai hoc Thuy san, cac trudng Trung hoc Thuy san, cac trudng Cong nhan ky thuat, cac trung tam Khuyen ngu cua 28 tinh ven bien) r + Tang cudng cor sdr vat chat cho cac cor sor dao tao _ r y r x - Tang cudng dau tu nang cap trang thiet bi ddng bo cho thuc hanh thuc tap - Trang bi nhung phuong tien giang day hoc tap phu hop vdi cac lop dao tao tai cac co sd dia phuong \ - Dau tu nghien cuu, bien soan chuan hoa noi dung, chuong trinh dao tao, sach giao khoa y + Noi dung cac chuong trinh, hinh thuc dao tao boi duong hffp ly - Chuan hoa noi dung dao tao cac cap, chu thuc hanh, nang cao tay nghe - Tap trung dao tao boi duong ngan han cho cac can bo thuyen vien cua cac tau khai thac xa bd da va dang duoc ddng mdi r r - Nang cao sd lupng va chat lupng giao vien tuyen ho vao cac trudng dao tao nganh Thuy san - Mien giam hoc phi hoan toan, nang muc hoc bong cho em ngu dan vung ven bien, hai dao - Uu tien chieu sinh md lop dao tao boi duong theo vung, tai cac dia phuong xa trudng cd hoan canh dieu kien kho khan - Giai quyet cho nhung ngu dan da cd trinh van hoa dat d muc xoa mu, cd sue khoe, tuoi va cd kinh nghiem lao don tren bien vao hoc cac lop x r y y dao tao boi duong cap bang thuyen trudng, may trudng cua tau ca cd nhd - Td churc dao tao thich hpp theo mua vu doi vdi cac lop dao tao boi duong cap bang thuyen trudng, may trudng cho ngu dan 96 A "7 A 3.2.4 Gidiphap phat trien ca so' tang nghe cd Muc tieu dinh hudng phan dau den nam 2015: ccr ban hoan ve he r r r a thong tang dich vu hau can nghe KTHS theo hudng hien dai, phu hop vdi A ■> dac diem cua nghe, cua tung vung va dia phuong De dap ung dupc muc tieu r a \ r can phai tap trung giai quyet cac van de sau: r r + Nang cap va hien dai hod he thdng cang ca Tiep tuc dau tu, nang cap va hoan thien cac cang ca va ben ca da cd, phat trien them mot so cang ca d cac dao ldn de dam bao den nam 2015 cd r r r 188 cang ca, ben ca vdi cong suat thong qua 2,25 trieu tan hai san/nam, vdi tren 13.000m cau ben phuc vu tau KTHS Trong do, nha nudc can tap trung dau tu xay dung nang cap cac cang ca trung tam d cac vung co nghe ca diem vdi quy mo ldn cho tau cd cong suat tu 90cv den tren 600cv; trang bi r r cac thiet bi cong nghe tien tien va hien dai Trong do: Xay dung, nang cap cac cang ca dat trinh hien dai hoa d cac vung r r Xay dung, ngan cap he thong cang ca cd trung binh va nho d cac dia phuong ven bien Uu tien xay dung, nang cap mot so cang ca d cac cum dao cd dieu kien thuan lpi A A A De bao dam dich vu hau can nghe ca, ngoai viec dau tu hien dai hoa cac r r a cang ca va ben ca den nam 2015, can tap tung thuc hien cac cong viec sau: - HDH va bao dam he thong cung cap nhien lieu, nudc da, nudc ngot, ngu ludi cu phuc vu cho tau thuyen quy mo vua va nho ven bien r r r r r - Ap dung cong nghe mdi tien tien boc xep; to chuc tot cong tac bao quan, so che gan vdi che bien hien dai cac cum cang ca - To chuc va hoan chinh co che quan ly cang ca song song vdi phat trien ve trang bi ky thuat quan ly vdi chat lupng ngang bang khu vuc cho cac cang ca 97 r - Xay dimg mo hinh “cang ca sach” d cac cang ca, ben ca; dam bao trat tir, van minh, ve sinh an toan thuc pham va moi trudng r _ +Xay dung, nang cap cac khu neo dau tranh bao Thirc hien xay dung de 98 khu neo dau tau thuyen tranh bao cho ? y r khoang 65 nghin tau thuyen tren cac vung bien theo cac quyet dinh cua Thu r r \ tudng Chinh phu Trudc mat, tu den 2015 can xay dung xong khu tranh tru bao thi diem theo quyet dinh cua Thu tuong Chinh phu tir ngudn von ngan sach (trung uong va tinh) va khan truong xay dung de dua vao hoat dong 12 khu tranh bao thuoc cac dao ldn va ven bd, bao dam an toan cho tau ca neo dau tranh tru bao cho doi tau ca cdng nghiep nhung nam tdi Cai tien cac mau hinh tau ca, nhanh chong cai tien mau tau ca cho phu hop vdi cdng nghe khai thac theo hudng cdng nghiep, hien dai va phu hop vdi y y dieu kien cua nghe ca Viet Nam y y r + Dau tu xay dung cac cho' thuy san dau nidi Thuc hien xay dung cac cho thuy san dau mdi theo quy hoach da phe duyet tai Quyet dinh sd 10/2007/QD- TTg cua Chinh phu theo hudng gan vdi cac cang ca quan d cac vung, mien, nham xay dung va tao cac trung y y ■» tam nghe ca, gop phan thi hoa cac vung nong thon ven bien va tao mdi trudng phat trien nghe ca theo hudng cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa To chuc xay dung co he thong cho ca dau mdi va vdi cac chq nho le vung ven bien; co quy dinh va to chuc lai viec tham gia cua cac chu vua, nau 98 ca dang hoat dong va dang co vai tro ldn dich vu, tieu thu cac san pham khai thac hien nay, tao su lien ket hai hoa thuong mai nghe ca, bao dam viec mua ban, phat trien cho duoc hinh thuc ban dau gia tai he thong cho ca X A ' nhu cac nuoc da lam, dong thdi tao thuan loi cho viec quan ly nghe ca von dang yeu kem Co chinh sach huy dong cac chu vua, nau ca co von ldn, ngoai viec kinh doanh cac san pham hai san, tang cudng su tham gia viec mua sam tau ca r r r ' * ' co cong suat ldn va xay dung co so che bien (dong lanh, hoac co so che bien nudc man, ), giam bdt dau tu cua Nha nudc phat trien dich vu nghe ca r a r + Dau tir xay dung mdi va nang cap cac co' sd san xuat nudc da Xay dung cac nha may, xuong san xuat nudc da tai cac cang ca ven bien va mot so cum cang o cac dao, bao dam cung ung khoang 5.000 tan nudc da/ngay cho cac tau ca hoat dong tren cac vung bien; cung cap bo sung nudc da cho nhu cau van chuyen san pham noi dia Huy dong su tham gia cua cac r r yr phan kinh te xay dung co so va nha may san xuat nudc da cung cap cho viec bao quan san pham r + Nang cao nang luc cua cac nha may san xuat ngu cu Trudc het nang cap co so, nha may hien co; xuc tien xay dung nha may che tao xo soi va vat lieu tong hop o cac vung, nang cao nang luc cua cac nha may det ludi, che tao ngu cu, bao bi hien co va tien tdi xay dung mdi cac nha may hien dai de co the xuat khau san pham ludi, soi phuc vu cho nghe KTHS cua khu vuc Dong Nam a + Xay dung mot so trung tam dich vu hau can d cac cum dao Viec xay dung mot so Trung tam dich vu hau can o cac cum dao la dieu kien quan trong KTHS, nham phat trien dich vu nhu cung cap du nhien a r r r r lieu, nudc da, nudc ngot, cac dung thiet yeu; ket hop vdi so che, tieu thu san pham cho cac tau ca thudng xuyen hoat dong dai tren bien 99 r a \ v 3.2.5 Nhom giai phap ve nang cao nhan thuc doi vdi phat trien ben vung khaithac haisan vay thirc tuan thuphap luat \ f r _ a + Tang cuong cdng tac tuyen truyen, bien phap luat ve KTHS va bao A ve nguon loi va mdi trudng KTHS 'f ? \ Day manh cong tac tuyen truyen, bien Luat Thuy san va cac van ban phap luat co lien quan den hoat dong KTHS (ve dang ky, dang kiem tau ca, xin giay phep khai thac thuy san theo quy dinh ) dudi nhieu hinh thuc, phu hop vdi tung vung, tung dia phuong de moi ngudi dan, moi to chuc va ca — ' ' A nhan tham gia hoat dong KTHS hieu dung, chinh xac, thong nhat va day du r a cac quy dinh cua phap luat; tir cd nhan thirc dung ve su dung tiet kiem, hop ly va tong hop tai nguyen hai san, chap hanh nghiem chinh cac quy dinh cua phap luat ve KTHS va ung ho cac bien phap ngan chan KTHS trai phep r a Tuyen truyen, giao due ngu dan nang cao y thuc chap hanh cac quy dinh cua nudc ngoai; van dong cac chu tau va ngu dan khong xam pham lanh hai hoac tu y khai thac trai phep hai san tren vung bien cac nudc khu vuc Tuyen truyen, van dong ngudi dan khong su dung nhung bien phap r rv f r danh bat hai san huy diet nhu dung min, chat doc; hudng dan va khuyen khich ngudi dan ap dung nhung phuong phap KTHS ben vung, bao ve va phuc hoi rung ngap man To chuc cac ldp tap huan nang cao nhan thuc cho can bo cap huyen, xa va a r a ngu dan ve loi ich cua viec bao ve ngudn loi va mdi trudng song cua cac loai r a thuy san doi vdi chinh cong dong ngu dan cung nhu toan xa hoi A A A Xay dung cac chuong trinh truyen thong ve bao ve va phat trien ngudn loi thuy san tren cac phuong tien thong tin dai chung A f A A In an, phat hanh tranh anh va ap phich cd dong tuyen truyen ve bao ve ngudn lqi thuy san Xay dung noi dung giao due ve bao ve ngudn lpi va mdi trudng song cua cac loai thuy san d cac bac hoc thich hop 100 trien nganh KTHS va bao ve mdi trudng - To chuc tong ket nghi quyet 03/NQ- TW, 22/9/1997 Bo chinh tri (khoa Will) va chi thi so 20- CT/TW ve “day manh phat trien kinh te bien theo hudng cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa” - Tiep tuc quan triet va to chuc thuc hien Nghi quyet so 09- NQ/TW 9/2/2007 cua hoi nghi lan thu cua Ban chap hanh trung uong (khoa X) ve “ chien luoc bien Viet Nam den nam 2020” - Tiep tuc quan triet va to chuc thuc hien Nghi quyet so 41-NQ/TW, 15/11/2004 cua Bo Chinh tri (khoa IX) ve "Bao ve mdi trudng thdi r r ky day manh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nudc" va Chi thi so 29- CT/TW, 21/01/2009 cua Ban Bi thu ve tiep tuc day manh thuc hien Nghi quyet 41-NQ/TW cua Bo Chinh tri (khoa IX) "Bao ve mdi trudng r e r r thdi ky day manh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nudc" den cac cap uy dang, can bo, dang vien va nhan dan S’ y 3.2.6 Gidi phap ve tang cudng cong tac bao ve moi truong bien Hien nay, o nhiem mdi trudng bien dang la van de buc xuc gay anh '9 ' hudng cho phat tri ben vung cac nganh kinh te bien cd nganh KTHS /y r r y O nhiem mdi trudng bien gay anh hudng true tiep den he sinh thai va ngudn loi hai san bien Vi the, giai phap bao ve mdi trudng bien phai duoc quan tam dac biet de bao bao phat trien nganh KTHS theo hudng ben vung y y Cac giai phap ve bao ve mdi trudng bien bao gom: + Phong ngira va kiem soat o nhiem moi truerng bien va ven bien - Quy hoach bao ve mdi tracing bien va ven bien: To chuc xay dung quy hoach tong hop ve bao ve mdi trudng bien va ven bien phai xac dinh duoc cac he sinh thai nhay cam, cac khu vuc > r r can khoanh vung bao ve, cac khu vuc han che khai thac, cac giong, loai sinh r r vat cam hoac han che khai thac 101 Danh gia thuc trang va dir bao cac hoat ddng tren bien gay d nhiem mdi truong va cd cac quy dinh, ke hoach kiem soat han che cac ngudn gay o nhiem - Kiem soat chat che cac phuong tien giao thong, tau thuyen tren bien Xay dung va giam sat kiem tra thuc hien cac quy dinh ve bao ve mdi r _ ■> trudng doi vdi cac phuong tien giao thong van tai tren bien va ven bb Td chuc A hudng dan, phan luong de cac phuong tien giao thong hoat dong thuan lpi, tranh r o r su cd va cham, mac can hoac cac true trac ky thuat khac tren bien va ven bd Dinh ky hoac dot xuat kiem tra, danh gia kha nang phong tranh va ung x r a su cd mdi trudng, dac biet la sir cd tran dau cua cac phuong tien giao thong Khong cho phep luu hanh cac phuong tien da qua han su dung, khong dam bao cac yeu cau ve an toan ve sinh mdi trubng, phong tranh ung su co moi trubng +Bao ve cac he sinh thdi va da dang sinh hoc - Bao ve he sinh thdi cd bien -Bao ve he sinh thdi san ho Ran san ho co y nghTa dac biet quan doi vdi nhieu loai sinh vat bien nhu cung cap thuc an, lam noi cu tru, chan song Tuy nhien cac ran san ho ven bien nudc ta dang bi anh hudng tir nhieu nguon khac nhau, ' r a r ran san ho bi chet da anh hudng den cac loai sinh vat khac Can thiet phai , A A r dieu tra, thong ke va co cac bien phap phu hop nham bao ve va phat trien he sinh thai dac thu cua bien Viet Nam Cac hoat dong xam hai dac biet nghiem den cac ran san ho nhu r a r t a danh bat thuy san bang chat no can phai duoc ngan chan kip thbi - Bao ve da dang sinh hoc bien va ven bien quy hiem 102 Dieu tra, thong ke cac giong loai dac thu, quy hiem bien va ven bien de co bien phap bao ve phu hop nham han che nguy co tuyet chung cua chung Phat hien cac giOng loai co gia tri kinh te cao va co cac bien phap phat trien phuc vu nhu cau cua cac nganh kinh te quoc dan Thong ke cac giong, loai quy hi£m, co nguy co tuyet chung va co bien phap bao ve nhu tao moi truong sinh song phu hop, cung cap cac nguon thuc an, cac dieu kien khac hoac y y chuyen ve cac khu vuc bao ton de bao ve Ki£m soat viec khai thac, danh bit cac nguon loi thuy san, xu phat nghiem nhung truong hop khai thac nguon loi, da dang sinh hoc bien va ven bien trai phep, bang cac bien phap, phuong tien huy diet, hoac khai thac cac giong loai thuoc danh muc bi cam khai thac hoac cac giong loai co sach Viet Nam Dong r r \ \ Nghi quyet hoi nghi lan thu (khoa X) cua Dang ve chien luoc bien r r y Viet Nam den nam 2020 da chi ro “ Nude ta phai tro quoc gia manh ve bien, lam giau tu bien, tren co so phat huy moi tiem nang tu bien, phat trien toan dien cac nganh nghe bien vdi co cau phong phu, hien dai, tao toc phat y trien nhanh, ben vung, hieu qua” Theo do, linh vuc khai thac hai san co vai tro quan trong kinh te bien, doi hoi phai tang cuong khai thac nguon loi tren bien theo hudng ben r r r r vung Do vay, tien bien, phan dau tro quoc gia bien se tro nhu r y y cau khach quan, buc thiet Qua do, yeu cau lam chu vung bien dao, bao dam quoc phong - an ninh tren bien se cang doi hoi phai co budc dot pha ve y r 99 phat trien manh tiem luc quoc phong - an ninh tren bien de du kha nang bao ve vung chac chu quyen lanh hai bao gom ca quyen chu quyen va quyen tai phan cua Viet Nam tren Bien Dong De bao dam quoc phong - an ninh, phat trien kinh te bien, dao nhanh va ben vung can phai thuc hien noi dung sau: 103 an va bang phap luat, chinh sach phu hop vdi tinh hinh thuc te; xay dung cac van ban quy pham phap luat co hieu luc thuc hien doi vdi moi cap, moi nganh tir trung uong den dia phuong _ — — r r Hai la: Tiep tuc day manh cdng tac giao due quoc phong - an ninh, dua cac noi dung lien quan vao chuong trinh boi duong kien thuc quoc phong - an ninh cho cac doi tuong, coi boi duong cac luc luong true tiep hoat dong r r \ i tren bien, dao Tiep tuc nghien cuu sau hon ve chien luge tren bien cua cac r \ a nudc khu vuc va the gidi de de cac chinh sach phu hop nham bao ve huu hieu chu quyen quoc gia tren bien, dao Ba la: Chi dao dieu hanh chat che viec xay dung cac du an quy hoach, r r r r t \ ke hoach chien luge tham khai thac kinh te bien, dao gan lien vdi bao bao r ■? r r ve bien, dao thdi ky mdi; bd sung hoan thien ca che, quy che phoi hgp, hiep dong cac luc lugng qua trinh trien khai chuan bi va thuc hanh du an phat trien kinh te va bao ve bien F Bon la: Tich cue hoat dong ngoai giao de bao dam tinh nghiem minh va hieu qua cua Bo quy tac ung xu tren Bien Dong cd lgi cho hoa binh, on dinh va phat trien khu vuc Chu dong de xuat va tham gia khai thac tai \ f nguyen bien tren cac vung chong lan r r r Nam la: Tiep tuc xay dung va tang cudng the tran quoc phong - an ninh tren vung bien, dao; xay dung cac luc lugng bao ve vung bien, dao; ket f •> f hgp kinh te - xa hoi vdi quoc phong - an ninh tren vung bien, dao; xay dung r t r > he thong phap luat, chinh sach va bd sung ca che lanh dao, quan ly, dieu hanh cdng tac quoc phong - an ninh tren bien, dao 104 KET LUAN Luan van voi de tai “ Khai thac hai san tren bien a Viet Nam theo hudng ben vung” vdi muc tieu lam ro nhung ly luan va thuc tien lien quan r > den phat trien ben vung nganh khai thac hai san, phan tich thuc trang phat X trien ben vung noi tai nganh khai thac hai san va nhung tac dong lan toa cua r x r r t r nganh den cac van de phat trien kinh te, xa hoi va mdi trudng Tu do, de xuat dinh hudng va cac giai phap chu yeu de dam bao phat trien ben vung nganh khai thac hai san tren bien d Viet Nam Vdi muc tieu tren, luan van da dat dupe nhung ket qua nhu sau: A X (1) He thong hoa ly luan ve khai thac hai san va cac quan diem phat trien ben vung khai thac hai san (2) Xay dung cac tieu chi phat trien ben vung nganh khai thac hai san tren bien (3) Trinh bay nhung nhan to tac dong den phat trien nganh khai thac hai san theo hudng ben vung X (4) Danh gia thuc trang khai thac hai san theo hudng ben vung noi tai nganh va nhung tac dong lan toa cua nganh tdi cac van de kinh te, xa hoi, mdi trudng x r r x x (5) De xuat mot sd giai phap nham phat trien ben vung nganh khai thac XX hai san, bao gom nhung giai phap ve quan ly khai thac hai san tren bien (quy hoach, phan dinh ro ngu trudng khai thac hai san, chuyen doi nghe nghiep doi vdi tau nho khai thac ven bd, xay dung va tang cudng mo hinh quan ly nghe ca dua vao cong dong ven bien, xay dung va tung budc hoan thien cac hinh r r thuc td chuc lien ket phu hpp, tang cudng quan ly nha nudc doi vdi tau khai thac hai san, hien toan he thong bo may td chuc quan ly khai thac hai san); 105 tang cuong ap dung khoa hoc cong nghe khai thac ( hoan thien cac chinh sach khoa hoc cong nghe, tung budc co hoa tau thuyen, hien dai hoa cac phuong tien va phuong phap khai thac, ap dung cong nghe bao quan yr •> san pham sau thu hoach), dao tao nguon nhan luc chat luong cao cho khai X f A thac; phat trien co sb tang nghe ca; nang cao nhan thuc cua ngubi dan doi vbi phat trien ben vung khai thac hai san va y thuc tuan thu phap luat; tang cuong cong tac bao ve mdi truong khai thac hai san, dam bao quoc phong, an ninh tren bien va giai quyet cac tranh chap bien Dong A A Luan van da dat duoc cac muc tieu nghien cuu da de nhung dieu kien co han va kha nang han che cua ban than, nen chac chan khong tranh khoi nhung thieu sot Rat mong dupc cac thay, cd giao gop y de hoan chinh them 106 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Ban Bi thu Dang Cong san Viet Nam (2009), CAz thi sd 29-CT/TW ve tiep tuc day manh thuc hien Nghi quyet 41-NQ/TW cua Bo Chinh tri (khoa IX) hod dat nude", 21/01/2009 _ r a Bo Tai nguyen va Moi trudng (2004), Chien luge bao ve mdi trudng quoc gia den nam 2010 va dinh huong den nam 2020, NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi Chinh phu (2004), Dinh hudng chien luge PTBVd Viet Nam (Chuong trinh nghi su 21 cua Viet Nam), Ha Noi, thang 8/2004 ~ r r Nguyen The Chinh (2003), Giao trinh kinh te va quan ly mdi trudng, Trudng Dai hoc Kinh te quoc dan, NXB Thong ke, Ha Noi Nguyen Viet Thang- Thu tuong Bo Nong nghiep va PTNN (1997), Cdng bd - tai hoi nghi “To chuc KTHS tren cac vung bien” thang 9/1997 tai Da Nang Chu Hoi (2004), Mot sd van de ve PTBV doi vdi nganh thuy san, Dien dan “Phat trien nong nghiep va nong thon ben vung”, Ha Noi r \ KTHS ven bo va van de dat ra, tai dia chi web: http://www.cpv.org.vn/cpv/Modules/News/NewsDetail.aspx?co_id=30220&cn_i d=374635#DxezyQ8ei4TO Khai thac, bao ve va phat trien ngudn lpi hai san, tai dia chi web: http://www.nhandan.com vn/tinbai/?top=3 8&sub=l 31 & Article=163268 < r Ket qua hoat dong khoa hoc va cdng nghe thdi gian qua va mot sd dinh hudng thdi gian toi, tai dia chi web: http://www.vnast.gov.vn/UploadFile/43uong%20thoi%20gian%20toi.pdf 10 http://www.hids.hochiminhcity.gov.vn/ 11 http:// www.rimf.org.vn 12 http://www.fistenet.gov.vn 13 http://www.fao.org/fi/Statis/asp 107 14 Ngo Thang Loi, Nguyen Quang Thai (2007), PTBV d Viet Nam, tuu, ca hoi, thach thuc va trien vong, NXB lao dong - xa hoi, Ha noi 15 Luat Bao ve mdi trudng (2008), NXB Giao thong van tai, Ha Noi 16 Luat thuy san (2003) 17 Nghi quyet 03/NQ- TW, 22/9/1997 Bo chinh tri (khoa VIII) va chi thi so 20- CT/TW ve “day manh phat trien kinh te bien theo hudng cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa” 18 Nghi quyet so 09-NQ/TW 9/2/2007 cua Hoi nghi lan thu cua Ban \ r r r •> chap hanh Trung uong (khoa X) ve “chien luge bien Viet Nam den nam 2020” 19 Nghi quyet so 08- NQ/TW (khoa X) cua Hoi nghi lan thu (khoa X) ve “mot r t \ •» r a so chu truong chinh sach ldn de nen kinh te phat trien nhanh, ben vung •> r Viet Nam la vien cua To chuc thuong mai the gidi (WTO) 20 Nghi quydt sd 13/NQ-TW (khoa IX) 18/3/2002 vd: “Tidp tuc ddi mdi, phat trien va nang cao hieu qua kinh te tap the” 21 Vu Thi Ngoc Phung (2005), Giao trinh kinh te phat trien, NXB Lao dong - xa hoi, Ha Noi 22 Vu Dinh Thang (2005), Giao trinh kinh te thuy san, NXB Lao dong Xa hoi 23 Tong cue Thong ke (2008), Nien giam thong ke 2007, NXB Thong ke, Ha Noi 24 Tong cue Thong ke (2009), Nien giam thong ke 2008, NXB Thong ke, Ha Noi 25 Tong quan ngudn loi, chien luge va chinh sach phat trien nganh thuy san Viet Nam tai dia chi web: www ciem org.vrd 712251566249380_Tong quanjiguonJoijhuy_san_CL_va CS phatJrien_nganhjhuy_san_VN.pdf 26 Tong quan mo hinh ddng quan ly nghe ca d Viet Nam, tai dia chi Web: www khafa org vn/ /dongquanly/06-tongquanmohinhDQL doc 27 Van kien Dai hoi Dang toan quoc lan thu X (2006), Nha Xuat ban chinh tri quoc gia