INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 881 Second edition 01 6-04-01 Earth-moving machinery — Backhoe loaders — Terminology and commercial speci fications En gin s de terrassem en t — Ch argeuses-pelleteuses — Term in ologie et spécifications commerciales Reference number ISO 881 : 01 6(E) © ISO 01 ISO 8812 :2 016(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT © ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved Unless otherwise speci fied, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester ISO copyright office Ch de Blandonnet • CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyright@iso.org www.iso.org ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved ISO 8812 : 016(E) Contents Page Foreword iv Scope Normative references Terms and definitions Base machine 4.1 Types of backhoe loaders 4.2 Dimensions 4.3 4.2.1 Operational positions of backhoe 4.2 Operational position of stabilizers and outriggers 4.2 Manoeuvring dimensions Nomenclature 1 Attachment (tool) nomenclature 14 Performance terminology 14 6.1 General 6.1 ISO net power (engine) 6.1 Maximum travel speeds 6.1 Turning radius 6.1.3 6.1.4 6.2 Loader operation 6.2 Rated operating load 6.2 Tipping load 6.2 Raising time 6.2 Lowering time 6.2 Dump time 6.2.2 6.2.4 6.3 Braking performance Steering capability Breakout force Tipping load at speci fied height Backhoe operation 6.3.1 Maximum hoe tool force using bucket cylinders 6.3.2 Maximum hoe tool force using arm cylinders Commercial literature specifications — SI units (examples) 16 7.1 Engine 7.2 Transmission 7.3 Drive axles 7.4 Steering 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 Brakes 7.5.1 Service brake 7.5.2 Parking brake 7.5.3 Secondary brake 7.5.4 Brake performance Tyres and rims Hydraulic system System fluid capacities 7.9 Masses 7.10 7.11 Filtration system (type) Characteristics which can be affected by bucket selection (machine equipped with non-standard tyres) Annex A (normative) Base machine — Dimensions — Symbols, terms and definitions Bibliography © ISO 01 – All rights reserved iii ISO 8812 :2 016(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies) The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part (see www.iso.org/directives) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights Details of any patent rights identi fied during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents) Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement For an explanation on the meaning of ISO speci fic terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TB T) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 127, SC 4, Earth-m ovin g m achin ery, Terminology, commercial nomenclature, classification and ratings Subcommittee This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 8812:1999), which has been technically revised iv © ISO 01 – All rights reserved INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8812 :2 016(E) Earth-moving machinery — Backhoe loaders — Terminology and commercial specifications Scope This International Standard establishes terminology and the content of commercial literature speci fications for self-propelled crawler or wheeled backhoe loaders, as de fined in ISO 6165, and their equipment This International Standard is not applicable to loaders equipped with a backhoe attachment in accordance with ISO 7131: 2009, 1 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application For dated references, only the edition cited applies For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies ISO 6165, Earth-moving machinery — Basic types — Identification and terms and definitions ISO 6746-1: 2003 , ISO 6746-2 , attachments Earth-moving machinery — Definitions of dimensions and codes — Part 1: Base machine Earth-moving machinery — Definitions of dimensions and codes — Part 2: Equipment and ISO 7131: 2009, Earth-moving machinery — Loaders — Terminology and commercial specifications Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and de finitions given in ISO 6165, ISO 6746-1, ISO 6746-2 and the following apply backhoe loader self-propelled crawler or wheeled machine having a main frame designed to carry both front-mounted equipment (3 ) and rear-mounted backhoe equipment (normally with outriggers or stabilizers) Note to entry: When used in the backhoe mode, the machine is stationary and normally digs below ground level Note to entry: When used in the loader mode (bucket use), the machine loads through forward motion Note to entry: A backhoe work cycle normally comprises excavating, elevating, swinging, and discharging of material A loader work cycle normally comprises filling, elevating, transporting and discharging of material base machine machine with a cab or canopy and operator protective structures if required, without equipment (3 3) or attachments (3 ) but possessing the necessary mountings for such equipment and attachments 3.3 equipment set of components (3 6) mounted onto the base machine perform the primary design function of the machine © ISO 01 – All rights reserved (3 2) , which allows an attachment (3 ) to ISO 8812 :2 016(E) optional equipment optional items of equipment (3 3) mounted onto the f lexibility, and comfort base machine (3 ) to increase, for example, capacity, attachment assembly of components (3 6) speci fic use that can be mounted onto the base machine (3 2) or equipment (3 3) for 3.6 component part or an assembly of parts of a base machine (3 2) , equipment (3 3) , or an attachment (3 ) 3.7 Masses 3.7.1 operating mass OM base machine (3 2) , with equipment (3 ) and empty attachment (3 ) in the most usual figuration as speci fied by the manufacturer, and with the operator (75 kg), full fuel tank, and all f luid systems (i.e hydraulic oil, transmission oil, engine oil, engine coolant) at the levels speci fied by the manufacturer and, when applicable, with sprinkler water tank(s) half full mass of the [SOURCE: ISO 6016: 2008, 1] Note to entry: Ballast mass at delivery can be included if speci fied by the manufacturer 7.2 shipping mass SM base machine (3 ) without an operator, with the fuel level at 10 % of tank capacity or with the minimum fuel level needed for machine shipping purposes as speci fied by the manufacturer, whichever is higher, with all fluid systems at the levels speci fied by the manufacturer and with empty sprinkler tank(s), when applicable, and with or without equipment (3 3) , ballast, attachment (3 ) , cab, canopy, operator-protective structures, wheels and counterweights as stated by the manufacturer mass of the [SOURCE: ISO 6016:20 08, 6] Note to entry: If the manufacturer intends that the machine be partially disassembled for shipping purposes, the masses of the disassembled items shall also be stated Base machine 4.1 Types of backhoe loaders Backhoe loaders are classi fied according to the following attributes 4.1.1 4.1.1.1 Type of backhoe equipment Side-shift backhoe See Figure 4.1.1.2 Centre pivot backhoe See Figure © ISO 01 – All rights reserved ISO 8812 : 016(E) 4.1.2 4.1.2 Drive and steering system Rigid frame, front-wheel steer, rear-wheel drive See Figure a) 4.1.2 Rigid frame, front/all-wheel steer, all-wheel drive See Figures b) and c) 4.1.2 Rigid frame, all-wheel steer, rear-wheel drive See Figure d) 4.1.2 Articulated steering, rear-wheel drive See Figure a) 4.1.2 Articulated steering, all-wheel drive See Figure b) NOTE Backhoe linkage removed to improve clarity Figure — Side-shift backhoe Figure — Centre pivot backhoe © ISO – All rights reserved ISO 8812 :2 016(E) a) Front-wheel steer, rear-wheel drive b) Front-wheel steer, all-wheel drive c) All-wheel steer, all-wheel drive © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved ISO 8812 : 016(E) d) All-wheel steer, rear-wheel drive Figure — Rigid frame a) Rear-wheel drive b) All-wheel drive Figure — Articulated steering NO TE F r o n t a n d r e a r whe e l s c o u l d h ave d i ffe r e n t s i z e s © I S O – Al l ri gh ts re s e rve d ISO 8812 :2 016(E) 4.2 Dimensions S e e F i g u re s a nd T he d i me n s i o n s i nd i c ate d i n F i g u re s a nd shall be obtained with all tyres tangent to g ro u n d a nd at the i r re c o m me nde d a i r p re s s u re For de finitions of dimensions, see ISO 6746-1 and ISO 7131 For de finition of dimensions strictly related to backhoe loaders, see A n ne x A AA A3 H11 H1 H2 H3 H4 A7 HH1 AA4 LL1 HH2 AA5 GRP L5 L4 L3 L1 L7 AA HH4 HH3 A A1 HH5 L19 GRP a) Backhoe loader © I S O – Al l ri gh ts re s e rve d WW14 W8 ISO 8812 :2 016(E) LL17 b) Offset dimensions (plain view) Key bucket 10 boom pivot pin bucket linkage 11 boom cylinder guide linkage –2 see Figures and 4 bucket pivot pin 23 tie link arm (extendable) 24 side de flection cylinder bucket cylinder 25 extendable arm cylinder arm pivot 26 quick coupler boom 27 arm de flection pivot centre line arm cylinder Figure 15 — Backhoe with side de flection and extendable arm Attachment (tool) nomenclature 5.1 Loader bucket 5.2 Backhoe bucket Performance terminology 6.1 6.1.1 General ISO net power (engine) See ISO 9249 See ISO 14396 NOTE 6.1.2 ISO 143 96 can also be referenced for certain national or regional requirement purposes Maximum travel speeds See ISO 6014 14 © ISO 01 – All rights reserved ISO 8812 : 016(E) 6.1.3 Braking performance S ee I SO 45 6.1.4 Steering capability S ee I SO 010 6.1.5 Turning radius S ee I SO 7457 6.2 6.2 Loader operation Rated operating load S ee I SO 143 97-1 6.2 Breakout force S ee I SO 143 97-2 6.2 Tipping load S ee I SO 143 97-1 6.2.4 Tipping load at specified height S ee I SO 143 97-1 6.2 Raising time S ee I SO 71 31 6.2 Lowering time S ee I SO 71 31 6.2 Dump time S ee I SO 71 31 6.3 Backhoe operation 6.3.1 Maximum hoe tool force using bucket cylinders S ee I SO 601 6.3.2 Maximum hoe tool force using arm cylinders S ee I SO 601 © I SO – All rights reserved 15 ISO 8812 :2 016(E) Commercial literature speci fications — SI units (examples) 7.1 Engine Specify characteristics Manufacturer and model Diesel or spark ignition Type of cycle (2 or stroke) Naturally aspirated, mechanically supercharged, or turbocharged Number of cylinders Displacement Bore Stroke Cooling system (air or water-cooled) Type of fuel Power, flywheel net: …………………………… at …………………………… r/min Torque-maximum: ……………………………… at …………………………… r/min (where applicable) Starter type: electric ……………….…………., air ……………….…………., other …………………………… Electrical system: ……………………………… V 7.2 Transmission Specify type Manual shift with flywheel clutch Manual shift with torque converter Power shift with torque converter Hydrostatic Electric Number of speeds (forward and reverse) Travel speeds (forward and reverse) 7.3 Drive axles Specify type Fixed vs oscillating Bevel gear and pinion Differential Two-speed 16 © ISO 01 – All rights reserved ISO 8812 : 016(E) Hydrostatic Final gear (planetary hub or in-house gears) 2-wheel drive or 4-wheel drive (2 wd, 4wd) 7.4 Steering Specify type See ISO 5010 Articulated steering Front-wheel steer Rear-wheel steer All-wheel steer Manual, hydrostatic (power assisted, full-power steering) Emergency steer method Performance Turning diameter left and right: ………………………………………… (see ISO 7457) Articulation angle: ………………………………………………………… Machine clearance diameter: …………………………………………… Tyre clearance diameter: …………………………………………….…… 7.5 Brakes Specify type 7.5.1 Service brake Type (drum, disc, wet, or dry) Actuating system type (full air, full hydraulic, air over hydraulic, mechanical, etc.) 7.5.2 Parking brake Type Actuating system 7.5.3 Secondary brake Type Actuating system 7.5.4 Brake performance Specify See ISO 3450 © ISO 01 – All rights reserved 17 ISO 8812 :2 016(E) 7.6 Tyres and rims S e e I S O 42 -1 , I S O 42 -2 a nd I S O 42 - Size and type Tre ad Ply rating Ri m s i z e 7.7 Hydraulic system Cylinders (number, type, and dimensions): — l i ft — ti l t — bucket Pump types N u mb e r o f p u mp s Regulating system Pump flow at given pressure, at rated engine speed M a i n re l i e f va l ve o p e n i n g p re s s u re 7.8 System fluid capacities Fuel tank Engine crankcase Cooling system Tra n s m i s s io n Tra n s fe r c a s e Hydraulic system A x le s F i n a l d r i ve c a s e s 7.9 Masses 7.9.1 Operating mass 7.9.2 Shipping mass 7.10 Filtration system (type) E n g i ne Tra n s m i s s io n 18 © I S O – Al l ri gh ts re s e rve d ISO 8812 : 016(E) Steering and braking Hydraulic 7.11 Characteristics which can be affected by bucket selection (machine equipped with non-standard tyres) The following characteristics can be affected: a) bucket capacity (nominal heaped); b) overall operating height; c) overall length; d) dump angle; e) dump height; f) reach, fully raised; g) rollback (specify height); h) maximum rollback at ground; i) carry position; j) maximum rollback at carry position; k) digging depth; l) bucket width; m) maximum grading angle; n) operating mass (can be further affected by tyre selection, tyre ballast, counterweight, or attachments); o) operating load; p) tipping load (can be further affected by tyre selection, tyre ballast, counterweight, or attachments); q) tipping load, at speci fied height (can be further affected by tyre selection, tyre ballast, counterweight, or attachments); r) breakout force (can be further affected by tyre selection, tyre ballast, counterweight, or attachments); s) machine clearance radius (can be further affected by tyre selection) © ISO 01 – All rights reserved 19 ISO 8812 :2 016(E) Annex A (normative) Base machine — Dimensions — Symbols, terms and definitions See Tables A.1 and A Annex A de fines base machine height, width, and angular dimensions for backhoe loaders For dimensions of the loader portion and backhoe portion, see ISO 7131 and ISO 7135, respectively Table A.1 Code A7 De finition Term Angle of Maximum angle between departure the horizontal GRP and a Illustration plane tangent to the rear tyres or tracks of a through the lowest point A7 machine and passing of any structure or component behind the tyres or tracks, which limit the magnitude of the angle A8 Backhoe swing Maximum s wing angle of angle uninterrupted rotation on Z plane described by the backhoe boom during movement around the backhoe swing pivot centre line A9 Levelling angle The maximum side slope in degrees that the backhoe can dig a vertical trench by adjusting the stabilizers A9 GRP 20 © ISO 01 – All rights reserved ISO 8812 : 016(E) Table A.1 (continued) Code H11 De finition Term Transport height Illustration Distance on Z coordinate between the GRP and the H11 highes t point of the backhoe fitted in its H11 transport position H7 Outrigger Distance on Z coordinate (stabilizer) between the GRP and the carry height outrigger (stabilizer) pad’s lowest point with the outrigger (stabilizer) in its transport position L7 O verall length in H7 fitted Distance on X coordinate transport position between two X planes passing through the farthes t points of the front and rear of the machine with equipment/ attachment fitted in transport position L7 LL17 E xtendable arm Distance on X coordinate offset between the X planes LL17 passing through the bucket pivot pin when the extendable arm is at minimum length and the same plane when the extendable arm is at maximum offset position © ISO 01 – All rights reserved 21 ISO 8812 :2 016(E) Table A.1 (continued) Code Term R3 M inimum turning radius with bucket in carry position Definition Illustration Distance on Z plane between the turning centre and the farthest point on the side of the bucket when the machine is executing its smallest practicable turn R4 Backhoe clear- Dis tance on Z plane ance radius between the turning R3 centre and the farthest point of the backhoe when the machine is R4 executing its smalles t practicable turn W5 Bucket width Distance on Y coordinate between two Y planes passing through the farthest point on the side of the bucket W W6 O utrigger spread Maximum distance on Y coordinate between two Y planes passing through the centres of the outrigger pads when positioned as shown W6 W7 Stabilizer Dis tance on Y coordinate (outrigger) between two Y planes overall width passing through the farthest point of the stabilizers (outrigger) , in down position, on both sides W7 22 © ISO 01 – All rights reserved ISO 8812 : 016(E) Table A.1 (continued) Code W8 Term De finition S lidi ng frame D i s tance on Y co ordi nate ma xi mum b e tween two Y planes op erati ng p as s i ng through the di s tance centre l ine of the machi ne Illustration W8 and the s wing pivot centre l ine when it i s at ma xi mu m offse t p os ition W9 Wal l cle arance D i s tance on Y co ordinate b etwe en two Y planes p as s i ng through the s wi ng pivot centre l i ne i n its fu l l s ide - shi ft p os ition and the outer p oi nt of the backhoe or the machine WW14 Arm de flection D i s tance on Y co ordi nate offset b e tween two Y planes p as s i ng through the s wi ng pivot centre l i ne and the arm de flection pivot centre li ne when it i s at ma xi mum offs et p os ition NOTE The X, Y and Z coordinates and X, Y and Z planes comprise the three-dimensional coordinate system used for de fining the dimensions of earth-moving machinery in accordance with ISO 6746-1 The ground reference plane (GRP) is also de fined therein © I SO – All rights reserved 23 ISO 8812 :2 016(E) Table A.2 Symbol Reference A1 Articulation angle See ISO 6746 -1: 20 03 , Annex E A2 Ackermann steering angle See ISO 6746 -1: 20 03 , Annex E A3 Angle of approach See ISO 6746 -1: 20 03 , Annex E A4 Angle of departure See ISO 6746 -1: 20 03 , Annex E Dump angle See ISO 71 31: 20 9, Annex A AA1 AA4 Maximum rollback fully raised Maximum rollback at ground Maximum rollback at carry position See ISO 7131: 20 09, Annex A AA5 Maximum grading angle See ISO 7131: 20 09, Annex A A7 Angle departure See Table A.1 A8 Backhoe swing angle See Table A.1 AA2 AA3 See ISO 71 31: 20 9, Annex A See ISO 71 31: 20 09, Annex A A9 Levelling angle See Table A.1 H1 Maximum height See ISO 6746 -1: 20 03 , Annex A H2 Maximum height (without cab or ROPS ) See ISO 6746 -1: 20 03 , Annex A H3 Shipping height See ISO 6746 -1: 20 03 , Annex A H4 Ground clearance See ISO 6746 -1: 20 03 , Annex A HH1 Digging depth See ISO 7131: 20 09, Annex A HH2 Carry position (height) See ISO 7131: 20 09, Annex A HH3 Dump height See ISO 7131: 20 09, Annex A HH4 HH5 HH20 Height to hinge pin, fully raised Overall operating height, fully raised Maximum height of cutting edge See ISO 7131: 20 09, Annex A See ISO 7131: 20 09, Annex A See ISO 7135: 20 09, Annex B HH2 Maximum bucket hinge pin height Maximum bucket (grab) loading clearance See ISO 7135: 20 09, Annex B HH2 Maximum dumping height See ISO 7135: 20 09, Annex B HH24 Maximum digging depth See ISO 7135: 20 09, Annex B HH21 See ISO 7135: 20 09, Annex B HH25 Maximum vertical digging depth See ISO 7135: 20 09, Annex B HH26 Maximum digging depth at 2,5 m floor length See ISO 7135: 20 09, Annex B L1 Maximum length See ISO 6746 -1: 20 03 , Annex C L3 Wheel base See ISO 6746 -1: 20 03 , Annex C L4 Rear overhang See ISO 6746 -1: 20 03 , Annex C L5 Rear axle to pivot of articulated s teering See ISO 6746 -1: 20 03 , Annex C L7 O verall length in transport position See Table A.1 Reach fully raised See ISO 71 31: 20 9, Annex A E xtendable arm offset See Table A.1 L19 Cab overall length See ISO 7135; Annex A R1 Turning radius See ISO 6746 -1: 20 03 , Annex D R2 Clearance radius See ISO 6746 -1: 20 03 , Annex D LL1 LL17 R3 R4 24 Term Minimum turning radius with bucket in carry position Backhoe clearance radius See Table A.1 See Table A.1 RR1 Maximum reach See ISO 71 35: 20 9, Annex B RR2 Maximum reach at GRP See ISO 7135: 20 09, Annex B RR3 Reach at maximum digging depth See ISO 7135: 20 09, Annex B RR4 Minimum reach at GRP See ISO 7135: 20 09, Annex B © ISO 01 – All rights reserved ISO 8812 : 016(E) Table A.2 (continued) Symbol Term Reference RR5 Reach to bucket pin centre at minimum height See ISO 7135: 20 09, Annex B RR6 Reach at maximum height See ISO 7135: 20 09, Annex B W1 Maximum width See ISO 6746 -1: 20 03 , Annex B W5 Tread (wheel type) Bucket width W3 See ISO 6746 -1: 20 03 , Annex B See Table A.1 W6 Stabilizer spread See Table A.1 W7 Stabilizer (outrigger) overall width See Table A.1 W8 Sliding frame maximum operating distance See Table A.1 W9 Wall clearance See Table A.1 Arm de flection offset See Table A.1 Cab width overall See ISO 7135: 20 9, Annex A WW14 W19 © ISO 01 – All rights reserved 25 ISO 8812 :2 016(E) Bibliography [1] ISO Earth-m ovin g 45 , [2 ] I S O 42 -1 , [3 ] I S O 42 -2 , [4] I S O 42 - , [5 ] I S O 010 , [6 ] I S O 14 , [7 ] [8 ] [9 ] [1 ] m achin ery — Wh eeled or high-speed Performance requirements and test procedures for brake systems rubber-tracked m ach in es — Earth-mover tyres and rims — Part 1: Tyre designation and dimensions Earth-mover tyres and rims — Part 2: Loads and in flation pressures Earth-mover tyres and rims — Part 3: Rims Earth-moving machinery — Rubber-tyred machines — Steering requirements Earth-moving machinery — Determination of ground speed Earth-moving machinery — Hydraulic excavators and backhoe loaders — Methods of determining tool forces ISO 01 , Earth-moving machinery — Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their equipment and components ISO 016: 0 , ISO 71 : 0 , specifications ISO Earth-m ovin g m ach in ery — Hydraulic excavators — Term in ology an d com m ercial Earth-moving machinery — Volumetric ratings for hoe-type and grab-type buckets of 7451 , hydraulic excavators an d backh oe loaders [1 1] I S O 745 7, [1 ] ISO Earth-moving machinery — Determination of turning dimensions of wheeled machines 75 46 , Earth-moving machinery — Loader and front loading excavator buckets — Volumetric ratin gs [1 ] [14] I S O 49, Earth-moving machinery — Engine test code — Net power Earth-moving machinery — Loaders and backhoe loaders — Part 1: Calculation of rated operating capacity and test method for verifying calculated tipping load ISO 143 7-1 , Earth-moving machinery — Loaders and backhoe loaders — Part 2: Test method for measuring breakout forces and lift capacity to maximum lift height [1 ] ISO [1 ] I S O 474 - , 26 143 7-2 , Earth-moving machinery — Safety — Part 4: Requirements for backhoe loaders © I S O – Al l ri gh ts re s e rve d ISO 8812 :2 016(E) ICS 01.040.53; 53.100 Price based on 26 pages © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved