© ISO 2016 Plastics — Determination of migration of plasticizers Plastiques — Détermination de la migration des plastifiants INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 177 Third edition 2016 12 15 Reference number IS[.]
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 177 Third edition 2016-12-15 Plastics — Determination of migration of plasticizers Plastiques — Détermination de la migration des plastifiants Reference number ISO 177:2016(E) I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n © ISO 2016 ISO 177:2016(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT © ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved Unless otherwise specified, no part o f this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country o f the requester ISO copyright o ffice Ch de Blandonnet • CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyright@iso.org www.iso.org ii I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n ISO 177:2016(E) Contents Page Foreword iv Scope Normative references Terms and definitions Principle Apparatus Test specimens Conditioning Procedure Expression of results 10 Test report Bibliography © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n iii ISO 177:2016(E) Foreword I SO (the I nternational O rganiz ation for Standardiz ation) is a worldwide federation of national s tandards bodies (ISO member bodies) The work o f preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has b een es tablished has the right to b e represented on that committee I nternational organi zation s , governmental and non- governmental, in liaison with I SO, al so take p ar t in the work ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters o f elec trotechnical s tandardi z ation T he procedures used to develop this cument and those intended for its fur ther maintenance are describ ed in the I SO/I E C D irec tives , Par t I n p ar ticu lar the different approval criteria needed for the di fferent types o f ISO documents should be noted This document was dra fted in accordance with the editorial ru les of the I SO/I E C D irec tives , Par t (see www iso org/direc tives) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some o f the elements o f this document may be the subject o f patent rights ISO shall not be held responsible for identi fying any or all such patent rights Details o f any patent rights identified during the development o f the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the I SO l is t of p atent declarations received (see www iso org/p atents) Any trade name used in this document is in formation given for the convenience o f users and does not cons titute an endors ement For an explanation on the meaning o f ISO specific terms and expressions related to formity assessment, as well as information about I SO ’s adherence to the World Trade O rganization ( WTO) principles in the Technical B arriers to Trade (TB T ) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword html T he comm ittee res p on s ible for this cument is I SO/ TC 61 , and environmental resistance Plastics, Sub committee S C , Ageing, chemical T his third edition cancel s and replaces the second edition (I SO 177:19 8) , of which it cons titutes a minor revis ion with the fol lowing change: — iv the normative references have b een up dated I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 177:2016(E) Plastics — Determination of migration of plasticizers Scope T h i s c ument s p e c i fie s a me tho d for the de term i nation o f the tendenc y o f plas tici z ers to m igrate from pla s tic s i n wh ich they a re conta i ne d i nto o ther materi a l s or o ther pla s tic s when they are brought i nto close contact NOTE The surfaces into which the migration can proceed can also consist of organic surface coatings, such as lacquers This test is suitable a) for eva luati ng the tendenc y d i s playe d by plas tics , p ar tic u la rly i n the form o f fi l m s and s he e ts , to lo s e cer ta i n o f thei r l iqu id s tituents when they a re brought i nto contac t with materi a l s th at h ave a n a ffi n ity b) for for pla s tic i z ers , a nd s tudyi ng the tendenc y to m igrate o f pl as tici z ers conta i ne d i n a re s i n or a s erie s o f re s i n s , i n one or more concentrations In case b), standard compounds are prepared on the basis of a well-characterized resin with well- defi ne d ratio s o f pla s tic i z er to re s i n NOTE When the absorbent sheets themselves contain a substance capable of migrating, simultaneous migrations can occur from the test specimens into the absorbent sheets and vice versa T he re s u lts may a l s o b e a ffe c te d b y the m igration o f o ther s tituents o f the plas tic materi a l (for exa mple, ol igomers) or by the lo s s o f any volati le s tituents o ther than pl as tici zers from the pla s tic materi a l or the ab s orb ent layer Normative references T he fol lowi ng c u ments are re ferre d to i n the tex t i n s uch a way th at s ome or a l l o f thei r content s titute s re qu i rements o f th i s c u ment For date d re ference s , on ly the e d ition cite d app l ie s For u ndate d re ference s , the late s t e d ition o f the re ference d c ument (i nclud i ng a ny amend ments) appl ie s ISO 291, Plastics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing ISO 293, Plastics — Compression moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials ISO 294-1, Plastics — Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials — Part 1: General principles, and moulding of multipurpose and bar test specimens ISO 294-3, Plastics — Injection moulding oftest specimens ofthermoplastic materials — Part 3: Small plates Terms and definitions For the pu r p o s e s o f th i s c u ment, the fol lowi ng term s and defi n ition s apply ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: — IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/ — ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n ISO 177:2016(E) 3.1 migration of plasticizers los s of mas s of a sheet of plas tici zed plas tic when placed in close contac t b etween two ab sorb ent sheets o f another material, under specified conditions Principle A test specimen cut from a sheet or plate o f the material or from the finished product to be tested is placed in close contact with two sheets, capable o f absorbing plasticizers It is then subjected to heating under defined conditions The loss in mass o f the test specimen, theoretically equal to the increase in mas s of the sheets , i s a meas ure of the migration of the plas tici zer Apparatus 5.1 Analytical balance, accurate to ,0 g 5.2 Micrometer, accurate to ,0 mm 5.3 Air circulating oven, cap ab le of maintaining the temp erature to within ± °C , in the range °C to 0 °C 5.4 Glass plates , with plane surfaces, o f su fficient size to cover the absorbent backing discs (5 6) 5.5 Weights , of kg 5.6 Absorbent backing discs , with an affinity for plasticizers, 60 mm ± mm in diameter and at least ,5 mm in thickness T he material s recommended for the tes t are: — a s tandard rubb er (according to I SO 46 49) , or — polyethylene without additive, or — polyvinyl acetate without plasticizer I n the case of a p ar ticu lar application, an ab sorb ent b acking disc of the material with which the plas tic under tes t wi l l b e in contac t when in ser vice shal l b e used T he s urface of the absorb ent b acking disc shall be su fficiently smooth to ensure continuous contact with the test specimen Test specimens 6.1 The test specimens shall be in the form of discs mm ± mm in diameter and at least ,5 mm in thickness, cut from a compression-moulded (in accordance with ISO 293) or injection-moulded (in accordance with I SO 4-1 and I SO 4-3 ) sheet of suitable thickness The sur face o f the test specimens shall be su fficiently smooth to ensure continuous contact with the absorb ent b acking discs (5 6) In the case o f films, the test specimen o f not less than 0,5 mm thickness shall be produced by pressing an adequate number o f films at a suitable temperature for about 6.2 6.3 I f the test is intended to determine the migration from a finished product, the latter shall be tested at a uniform thickness I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n ISO 177:2016(E) If the product to be tested consists of a support (fabric, paper or other suitable material), coated f f f resins or with similar products), the test specimens shall consist of two discs cut from the material itself f f situated on the other faces of the sandwich so formed 6.4 o n o ne ace o nly by the s p reading o r calendering o a p las ticized res in (s uch as and s up erp o s ed in s uch a way that the unco ated s ur aces o 6.5 ab rics co ated with vinyl the s up p o rt are to uching and the p las tic is Three test specimens shall be tested for each material Conditioning Un le s s o ther wi s e s p e c i fie d , the te s t s p e c i men s and ab s orb ent b acki ng d i s cs ( i n one o f the atmo s phere s s p e c i fie d i n I S O 91 5.6) shall be conditioned Procedure After conditioning, weigh the test specimens (see Clause 6) and the discs (5.6) to the nearest 0,001 g and determine their mean thickness to the nearest 0,01 mm 8.1 Place a test specimen of the material under test between two absorbent backing discs, in such f plates (5.4) 8.2 a way that their axes co incide and the as s emb ly 8.3 o rms a s andwich Place the latter b etween two glas s If the test is intended to determine the characteristics of particular plasticizers, standard co mp o unds o f a s p ecified co mp o s itio n s hall b e us ed, as agreed b etween the interes ted p arties 8.4 To equalize the distribution of pressure between the absorbent backing disc and the test specimen, a sheet of rubber shall be inserted between the absorbent backing disc and the glass plate The absorbent b acking dis c s hall b e s ep arated 8.5 fro m the s heet o f rub b er by aluminium fo il Place one of the kg weights (5.5 f 5.3), maintained at a temperature of 70 °C ± °C ) o n the as s emb ly o dis cs and p lates to b e tes ted and p lace the as s emb ly in the oven ( I t i s p erm i s s ible to s up eri mp o s e s evera l as s embl ie s , but five at mo s t, s ep arate d b y gl as s plate s , thu s forming a column loaded with a single kg weight In this event, the temperature shall be measured f f f rubber inserted to equalize the pressure When it is required to take account of the service temperature of the material, the test should be d i re c tly at the i nterior o the s tack, or e xample, b e twe en an ab s orb ent b acki ng d i s c and the s he e t o conduc te d at the temp eratu re re com mende d i n the s p e ci fic ation for the appl ic ation o f the materi a l I n the ab s ence o f any p ar tic u la r s p e ci fic ation, i f it i s de s i re d to p er form a te s t at a temp eratu re either lower or h igher than 70 ° C , ° C or ° C , re s p e c tively, s hou ld b e u s e d 8.6 Fresh absorbent backing discs shall be used for each test 8.7 After 24 h, remove the assemblies from the oven Separate the test specimens from the absorbent backing discs and recondition all of them under the same conditions as those applied prior to the initial weighing Reweigh the test specimens and the absorbent backing discs 8.8 In order to determine the progress of migration as a function of time, it is suggested that measurements be effected after test periods of d, d, d, 10 d, 15 d and 30 d In such cases, three test specimens shall be used for each test duration © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n ISO 77: 01 6(E) Expression of results C alcu late the arithmetic means of the changes in mas s in gram s: a) of the three tes t s p ecimens; b) of the three sets of two discs I f the ma ximum s pread of the res u lts relating to a series of three tes t s p ecimens or to a series of three p rs o f d i s cs d i ffers b y ±10 % relative to the va lue o f the me an o f the th re e re s p e c tive re s u lts , rep e at the tes t on a new series of three tes t s p ecimens T he m igration o f the pla s tic i z er i n the pro duc t u nder te s t i s expre s s e d by the ab ove two nu mb ers ta ken in s equence, for example: I SO 177 plas ticizer migration: mean for tes t s p ecimens ,45 g; mean for p airs of absorb ent discs , g T he lo s s i n ma s s o f the te s t s p e c i men s hou ld b e, the ore tic a l ly, e qua l to the gai n i n ma s s o f the two ab s orb ent b acki ng d i s c s T h i s i s , however, ver y rely the c a s e; the ob s er ve d d i fference i s prob ably due to volati le los s Test report T he tes t rep or t shal l include the fol lowing information: a) a reference to this cument, i e I S O 177; b) a comple te identi fic ation o f the s a mple and the me tho d o f prep a ri ng the te s t s p e ci men s; c) the chemical comp os ition and des ignation of the absorb ent b acking discs; d) the conditioning pro cedure; e) the dimens ion s of the tes t s p ecimen s and of the ab sorb ent b acking discs (the thicknes s shal l b e rep or ted to the neares t , 01 mm) ; f) g) the mas s , in grams , of the tes t s p ecimens and of the ab sorb ent b acking discs b efore the tes t; the los s or gain of mas s , in mil ligrams , of each tes t s p ecimen and of the corres p onding p air of ab sorb ent b acking discs , and the tes t duration; h) the arithmetic mean of the values ob tained for three tes t s p ecimens and for the corres p onding three p airs of ab sorb ent b acking discs; i) ob s er vation s concern i ng a ny ch ange s o cc u rri ng i n the app e a rance o f the te s t s p e c i men s I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n ISO 77: 01 6(E) Bibliography [1] ISO 4649, Rubber, vulcanized or th erm oplastic — Determin ation of abrasion resistan ce usin g a rotatin g cylin drical drum device © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n ISO 77: 01 6(E) ICS 83.080.01 Price based on pages © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved I n tern ati o n al Org an i z ati o n fo r S tan d ard i z ati o n