Tiêu chuẩn iso 01660 2017

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 660 Third edition 2017-02 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Profile tolerancing Spécification géométrique des produits (GPS) — Tolérancement géométrique — Tolérancement des profils Reference number ISO 1660:2017(E) © ISO 2017 ISO 660: 01 7(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT © ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved Unless otherwise specified, no part o f this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country o f the requester ISO copyright o ffice Ch de Blandonnet • CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyright@iso.org www.iso.org ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 660: 01 7(E) Contents Page iv Introduction v Scope Normative references Terms and definitions Symbols Rules for profile tolerancing 5.1 General 5.2 De fault rules for profile tolerancing 5.2.1 Rule A: Definition o f the theoretically exact feature (TEF) 5.2.2 Rule B: Type o f toleranced feature 5.2.3 Rule C: Definition o f the tolerance zone 5.3 Rules for profile tolerancing using additional specification elements 5.3.1 Rule D: Toleranced feature specification elements 5.3.2 Rule E: Unequally disposed tolerance zone 5.3.3 Rule F: Linear tolerance zone offset 5.3.4 Rule G: Angular tolerance zone offset 5.3.5 Rule H: Variable tolerance zone width 5.3.6 Rule I: Filtered feature specification elements 5.3.7 Rule J: Association and parameter specification elements 5.3.8 Rule K: Associated toleranced feature specification elements 5.3.9 Rule L: Non-rigid part Annex A (informative) Compound features Annex B (informative) Illustration o f the rules Annex C (informative) Former practices 42 Annex D (informative) Relation to the GPS matrix model 44 Bibliography 45 Foreword © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved iii ISO 660: 01 7(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies) The work o f preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters o f electrotechnical standardization The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part In particular the different approval criteria needed for the di fferent types o f ISO documents should be noted This document was dra fted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part (see www.iso org/directives) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some o f the elements o f this document may be the subject o f patent rights ISO shall not be held responsible for identi fying any or all such patent rights Details o f any patent rights identified during the development o f the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso org/patents) Any trade name used in this document is in formation given for the convenience o f users and does not constitute an endorsement For an explanation on the meaning o f ISO specific terms and expressions related to formity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 213, Dimensional and geometrical product specifications and verification This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 1660:1987), which has been technically revised with the following changes: — the requirements for defining the theoretically exact feature (the nominal geometry) have been made more explicit; — the definition o f what constitutes the toleranced feature has been clarified and updated to follow the feature principle, (see ISO 8015:2011, 5.5); — tools for defining specifications for restricted features and compound features have been added; — tools for defining specifications using unequally disposed or o ffset tolerance zones have been added; — tools for defining specifications using tolerance zone o f variable width have been added iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 660: 01 7(E) Introduction This document is a geometrical product specification (GPS) standard and is to be regarded as a general GPS standard (see ISO 14638) It influences the chain links A, B and C o f the chains o f standards on form, orientation and location The ISO GPS Masterplan given in ISO 14638 gives an overview o f the ISO GPS system o f which this document is a part The fundamental rules o f ISO GPS given in ISO 8015 apply to this document and the de fault decision rules given in ISO 14253-1 apply to specifications made in accordance with this document, unless otherwise indicated For more detailed information of the relation of this document to the GPS matrix model, see Annex D This document provides rules for profile tolerancing For the presentation of lettering (proportions and dimensions), see ISO 3098-2 All figures in this document for the 2D drawing indications have been drawn in first-angle projection with dimensions and tolerances in millimetres It should be understood that third-angle projection and other units o f measurement could have been used equally well without prejudice to the principles established For all figures giving specification examples in 3D, the dimensions and tolerances are the same as for the similar figures shown in 2D The figures in this document represent either 2D drawing views or 3D axonometric views on 2D drawings and are intended to illustrate how a specification can be fully indicated with visible annotation For possibilities o f illustrating a specification, where elements o f the specification may be available through a query function or other interrogation o f in formation in the 3D CAD model and rules for attaching specifications to 3D CAD models, see ISO 16792 The figures in this document illustrate the text and are not intended to reflect an actual application Consequently, the figures are not fully dimensioned and specified, showing only the relevant general principles Neither are the figures intended to imply a particular display requirement in terms o f whether hidden detail, tangent lines or other annotations are shown or not shown Many figures have lines or details removed for clarity, or added or extended to assist with the illustration o f the text See Table for the line types used in definition figures In order for a GPS specification to be unambiguous, the partition defining the boundary o f the toleranced eature, as well as the filtering should be well defined Currently, the detailed rules for partitioning and the de fault for filtering are not defined in GPS standards f For a definitive presentation (proportions and dimensions) o f symbols for geometrical tolerancing, see ISO 7083 and ISO 1101:2017, Annex F For the purposes of this document, the terms “axis” and “median plane” are used for derived features of perfect form, and the terms “median line” and “median surface” for derived features of imperfect orm Furthermore, the following line types have been used in the explanatory illustrations, i.e those representing non-technical drawings for which the rules o f ISO 128 (all parts) apply f © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved v ISO 660: 01 7(E) Table Line type Feature level Feature type derived feature Real feature integral feature Extracted feature Filtered feature derived feature integral feature integral feature Associated feature derived feature datum Tolerance zone limits, tolerance planes Section, illustration plane, drawing plane, aid plane Extension, dimension, leader and reference lines C ontrar y to o ther line ki nd s of surface point line surface point line surface line surface point straight line plane point straight line (axis) plane point line/axis surface/plane line surface line surface integral feature ge ome tric a l Behind plane/ Visible point line/axis surface/plane point line/axis surface/plane surface integral feature Nominal feature D etails wide continuous narrow dashed narrow long dashed dotted wide freehand continuous narrow dashed dotted narrow freehand dashed wide short dashed narrow short dashed wide dotted narrow dotted continuous narrow continuous narrow doublewide doubled-dashed narrow dashed doubledouble-dotted dotted narrow long dashed wide dashed double-dotted double-dotted wide long dashed narrow long dashed double-short dashed double-short dashed continuous narrow narrow dashed narrow long dashed narrow dashed short dashed short dashed continuous narrow narrow dashed toleranc i ng , pro fi le toleranci ng also a l lows ge ome tric a l tolera nci ng o f non- s traight l i ne s a nd non-flat s u r face s , i n add ition to s i mpler fe ature s , c yl i nders , ge ome trica l e tc This ma ke s pro fi le tolera nci ng more complex th an o ther s uch a s pl ane s , with re s p e c t to the defi n ition o f the nom i na l ge ome tr y and the ex tent o f the tolerance d document expands on and provides tools and rules for these two complexities T h i s e d ition o f I S O 16 i s a pi lo t proj e c t for writi ng r u le -b a s e d s tandard s for toleranci ng fe atu re T his ge ome tric a l toleranc i ng rather than example-based standards In the long term, it is envisioned that the content of this document will be integrated into a future rule-based ISO 1101 vi © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 660: 01 7(E) This document references other standards for rules for GPS tolerancing in general and geometrical tolerancing in particular, rather than repeating those rules These GPS principles and rules include, but are not limited to: — the feature principle (see ISO 8015:2011, 5.4); — the i ndep endenc y pri nc iple (s e e I S O 01 : 01 , ) ; — the rules for implicit TEDs (see ISO 5458:1998, 4.3); — the width of the tolerance zone applies normal to the toleranced feature (See ISO 1101:2017, Clause 7); for identi fyi ng the tolera nce d fe atu re s — the ru le s (s e e I S O 1101 : 017, C lau s e and 9.1) ; — form — the tolerance z one c an b e s tra i ne d b y re ference to datu m s (s e e I S O 459) s p e ci fic ation s , i e s p e ci fic ation s without re ference to a d atu m, a d atu m s ys tem or a p attern, constrain neither orientation nor location (see ISO 1101:2017, 4.8); © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved vii INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 660: 01 7(E) Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Profile tolerancing IMPORTANT — The illustrations included in this document are intended to illustrate the text and/or to provide examples o f the related technical drawing specification; these illustrations are not fully dimensioned and toleranced, showing only the relevant general principles In particular, the illustrations not contain filter specifications As a consequence, the illustrations are not a representation o f a complete workpiece and are not o f a quality that is required for use in industry (in terms o f full formity with the standards prepared by ISO/TC 10 and ISO/TC 213), and as such are not suitable for projection for teaching purposes Scope T h i s c u ment give s the r u le s for ge ome tric a l s p e c i fic ation s o f i nte gra l a nd derive d fe atu re s , u s i ng the l i ne pro fi le and s u r face pro fi le charac teri s tic s ymb ol s as defi ne d i n I S O 1101 Normative references T he fol lowi ng c u ments are re ferre d to i n the tex t i n s uch a way th at s ome or a l l o f thei r content s titute s re qu i rements o f th i s c u ment For date d re ference s , on ly the e d ition cite d appl ie s For u ndate d re ference s , the late s t e d ition o f the re ference d c ument (i nclud i ng a ny amend ments) appl ie s ISO 1101:2017, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Tolerances of form, orientation, location and run-out ISO 5459:2011, datum systems Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Datums and ISO 8015:2011, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Fundamentals — Concepts, principles and rules ISO 16792, Technical product documentation — Digital product definition data practices ISO 17450-1, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — General concepts — Part 1: Model for geometrical specification and verification ISO 17450-3, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — General concepts — Part 3: Toleranced features ISO 22432, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Features utilized in specification and verification Terms and definitions For the pu rp o s e s o f th i s c u ment, the term s and defi nition s given i n I S O 101 , I S O 45 9, I S O 01 , I S O 1745 -1 , I S O 1745 -3 , I S O 2 43 and the fol lowi ng apply ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: — IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia org/ — ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso org/obp 3.1 profile tolerancing ge ome tric a l toleranci ng u s i ng the l i ne pro fi le s ymb ol or the s ur face pro fi le s ymb ol © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 660: 01 7(E) 3.2 line profile property o f a line 3.3 sur face profile property o f a sur face 3.4 non-redundant degree o f freedom degree of freedom for which the tolerance zone is not invariant Symbols See Table Table — Symbols for geometrical characteristics Line profile symbol Sur face profile symbol These symbols shall be used in the characteristic section of the tolerance indicator, see ISO 1101:2017, 8.2 The nominal features, for which each symbol can be used, are given in Table Table — Valid geometrical characteristic symbol and nominal toleranced feature combinations Toleranced feature Integral straight line Derived straight line Integral non-straight line Derived non-straight line Integral flat sur face Derived flat sur face Integral non-flat sur face Derived non-flat sur face X X X X X X X X For straight lines and planes, there are other characteristic symbols that directly provide the in formation about the shape o f the toleranced feature, e.g flatness for planes and straightness for straight lines The profile characteristic symbols may be used for straight lines and planes However, in this case, to determine the nominal shape o f the toleranced feature, it is necessary to veri fy that there is no indication that the feature is nominally non-flat or non-straight on the drawing or in the CAD model, as applicable NOTE A nominally planar sur face and a nominally curved sur face with a large radius may both appear as a straight line on the drawing and the profile characteristic symbols can be used for both types o f sur faces However, for the curved surface there will be an indication on the drawing or explicit or implicit TEDs in the drawing, it is this indication or absence of indication that is used to determine the nominal shape of the feature in this case In a CAD model, the model data are used to determine the nominal shape of the feature CAD model, that the sur face is not flat For the planar sur face, there will be no such indication on a drawing On a Additional symbols used in this document are given in Table along with a re ference to where they are defined © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 660: 01 7(E) B.13 Example 12: Surface profile specification for two independent features partially constrained by datums a) 2D drawing indication b) 3D drawing indication c) Tolerance zone Key primary datum E secondary datum D tertiary datum B Direction of unconstrained motion for the R20 tolerance zone direction of unconstrained motion for the R40 tolerance zone NOTE The movements and are independent of each other NOTE TED is not necessary for the interpretation o f the specification indicated in this figure Figure B.12 — Sur face profile specification for two independent features partially constrained by datums 32 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 660: 01 7(E) The drawing indications in Figure B.12 a) and b) differ from the ones in Figure B.11 a) and b) in that the f f together The interpretation differs as follows: two tolerance d — e atu re s are s idere d s ep a rate B e c au s e o f the two tolera nce d fe ature s e atu re s , b e c aus e there i s no i nd ic ation tyi ng them a re no t identi fie d as one fe ature u s i ng the U F mo d i fier a nd the tolerance zone s are no t combi ne d u s i ng the C Z mo d i fier, the two tolerance z one s a re i ndep endent accord i ng to the i ndep endenc y pri nciple, s e e I S O 01 — B e c au s e o f the > < “orientation s trai nt on ly” mo d i fier for datum D, that datum e s no t s tra i n translation, allowing the tolerance zones to move in the vertical direction The detailed rules for how the datu m s ys tem s trai n s the tolerance z one a re given i n I S O 459 — B e c au s e the two tolera nce z one s are i ndep endent, they c an move i n the ver tic a l d i re c tion i ndep endent of each other © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved 33 ISO 660: 01 7(E) B.14 Example 13: Line profile specification for a single feature a) 2D drawing indication b) 3D drawing indication c) Tolerance zone Key datum E intersection plane parallel to datum E NOTE TEDs 20 and R40 are not necessary for the interpretation o f the specification indicated in this figure Figure B.13 — Line profile specification for a single feature The drawing indications in Figure B.13 a) and b) differ from the ones in Figure B.1 a) and b) in that the line profile symbol is used instead o f the sur face profile symbol and that an intersection plane indicator is indicated referencing datum E The drawing indications in Figure B.13 a) and b) shall be interpreted as follows: — According to the feature principle, the specification applies to one complete feature, i.e the feature identified by the leader line, which is a feature that forms a 90° section o f a cylinder with a nominal radius of 20 34 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 660: 01 7(E) — According to rule A, the TEF shall be defined with theoretically exact dimensions In this case, the toleranced feature is defined as part o f a cylinder with a radius o f 20 — According to rule B, the toleranced feature is all lines in the identified feature parallel to datum plane E and according to the indication rules given in ISO 1101:2017, Clause 6, the toleranced feature is an integral feature — According to rule C, each tolerance zone is limited by two equidistant lines enveloping circles with a diameter equal to the tolerance value, the centres of which are situated on the TEF This results in the tolerance zone limits being 90° sections o f coaxial circles with radius 19,9 and 20,1, respectively — Because the tolerance indicator does not reference datums, the tolerance zone is not constrained NOTE This specification does not constrain the relationship between the toleranced lines, i.e the location and orientation in each plane parallel to datum E are not constrained This is the practical difference between the specifications in Figure B.1 and B.13 NOTE The specifications in Figures B.2 to B.12 could all be altered to use the line profile symbol instead o f the sur face profile symbol and their meaning would change similarly to the di fference between the specifications in Figure B.1 and B.13 The only exceptions are the specifications in Figure B.8.and B.10 Because the tolerance zones in these cases are completely constrained by datums, the meaning o f a sur face profile specification and a line profile specification would be the same © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved 35 ISO 660: 01 7(E) B.15 Example 14: Line profile specification for a compound derived feature a) 2D drawing indication b) 3D drawing indication c) Tolerance zone Figure B.14 — Line profile specification for a compound derived feature 36 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 660: 01 7(E) The drawing indications in Figure B.14 a) and b) shall be interpreted as follows: — According to rule D, because the “between” symbol and the UF modifier are used, the specification applies to a compound feature limited by the borders indicated in the “between” symbol The compound feature is considered as one feature — According to rule A, the TEF shall be defined with theoretically exact dimensions In this case, the toleranced feature is defined as a compound line consisting o f three straight segments joined by two circular segments o f radius 20; one 90° segment and one 30° segment — According to rule B, the toleranced feature is a line and according to the indication rules given in ISO 1101:2017, Clause 6, the toleranced feature is a derived line — According to rule C, the tolerance zone is limited by a tube enveloping spheres with a diameter equal to the tolerance value, the centres of which are situated on the TEF — Because the specification does not re ference datums, the tolerance zone is not constrained NOTE The meaning would have been the same i f the position characteristic symbol had been used instead o f the line profile characteristic symbol © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved 37 ISO 660: 01 7(E) B.16 Example 15: Surface profile specification for a compound derived feature a) 2D drawing indication b) 3D drawing indication c) Tolerance zone Figure B.15 — Sur face profile specification for a compound derived feature The drawing indications in Figure B.15 a) and b) shall be interpreted as follows: — According to rule D, because the “between” symbol and the UF modifier are used, the specification applies to a compound feature limited by the borders indicated in the “between” symbol The compound feature is considered as one feature 38 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 660: 01 7(E) — According to rule A, the TEF shall be defined with theoretically exact dimensions In this case, the toleranced feature is defined as a compound sur face consisting o f three planar segments joined by two curved segments o f radius 20; one 90° segment and one 30° segment — According to rule B, the toleranced feature is a surface and according to the indication rules given in ISO 1101:2017, Clause 6, the toleranced feature is a derived surface — According to rule C, the tolerance zone is limited by two equidistant sur faces enveloping spheres with a diameter equal to the tolerance value, the centres of which are situated on the TEF — Because the specification does not re ference datums, the tolerance zone is not constrained NOTE The meaning would have been the same i f the position symbol had been used © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved 39 ISO 660: 01 7(E) B.17 Example 16: Surface profile specification for a complex compound feature a) Indication on the drawing b) Tolerance zone Figure B.16 — Sur face profile specification for a complex compound feature 40 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 660: 01 7(E) The drawing indications in Figure B.16 a) shall be interpreted as follows — According to rule D, because the “between” symbol and the UF modifier are used, the specification applies to a compound feature limited by the borders indicated in the “between” symbol The compound feature is considered as one feature — According to rule A, the TEF shall be defined with theoretically exact dimensions In this case, the toleranced feature is defined by re ference to a CAD model that complies with ISO 16792 NOTE Because the TEF is given by re ference to a CAD model, the TEDs shown on the drawing are for in formation only — According to rule B, the toleranced feature is a surface and according to the indication rules given in ISO 1101:2017, Clause 6, the toleranced feature is an integral surface — According to rule C, the tolerance zone is limited by two equidistant sur faces enveloping spheres with a diameter equal to the tolerance value, the centres of which are situated on the TEF — Because the specification does not re ference datums, the tolerance zone is not constrained © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved 41 ISO 660: 01 7(E) Annex C (informative) Former practices C.1 This annex describes former practices that have been abandoned and are no longer used Therefore, they are no t an integral p art o f this cument, b ut s ho uld b e us ed C.2 fo r in fo rmatio n o nly The p revio us vers io n o f this cument, I S O 66 : , co ntained a figure s imilar to Figure C.1 The cument did no t give a rule, b ut the figure imp lied that a p ro file s p ecificatio n ap p lied “fro m edge to edge” This is amb iguo us , b ecaus e there is no definitio n o f what co ns titutes an edge I n additio n, it is co ntrary to the feature p rincip le defined in I S O : 1 , a) Indication on the drawing 42 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 660: 01 7(E) b) Interpretation (obsolete) Figure C.1 — Obsolete interpretation o f the extent o f the toleranced feature for a profile specification Us i ng the to ol s and r u le s given i n th i s c u ment, a s p e c i fic ation th at i s i nterpre te d as given i n b), can be indicated as shown in Figure B.16 a) C.3 I t was fo rmer Figure C.1 p ractice to us e the “all aro und” indicatio n witho ut any s up p lemental indicatio n showing whether the indicated features should be considered individual features or one complex feature Figure C.2 should be interpreted as given in Figure B.3 c), as given in Figure B.4 c) or as given in Figure B.7 c) Instead, the indications shown in Figure B.3 a) and b), Figure B.4 a) and b) or Figure B.7 a) and b) should This created an amb iguity, i e it was no t clear whether the indicatio n in b e u s e d, dep end i ng on wh ich s p e ci fication i s de s i re d (S Z , U F or C Z ) Figure C.2 — Ambiguous “all around” indication without supplemental indications C.4 The p ractice o f relying on the drawing p lane to functio n as co llectio n p lane in co nnectio n with the “all aro und” symb o l in D has b een dep recated to align the p ractices b etween D and D, see ISO 1101:2017, 9.1.2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved 43 ISO 660: 01 7(E) Annex D (informative) Relation to the GPS matrix model D.1 General For full details about the GPS matrix model, see ISO 14638 The ISO/GPS masterplan given in ISO 14638 gives an overview o f the ISO/GPS system o f which this document is a part The fundamental rules o f ISO/GPS given in ISO 8015 apply to this document and the de fault decision rules given in ISO 14253-1 apply to specifications made in accordance with this document, unless otherwise indicated D.2 Information about the document and its use This document contains basic in formation for the geometrical tolerancing o f profiles D.3 Position in the GPS matrix model This document is a general GPS standard, which influences the chain links A, B and C o f the chains o f standards on form o f lines and sur faces independent o f datums and dependent on datums, as graphically illustrated in Table D.1 Table D.1 — Fundamental and general ISO GPS standards matrix Chain links Size Distance Form Orientation Location Run-out A B C Symbols Feature Feature and requirements indications • • • • • • prop erties D E F G Con formance and noncon formance Measurement Measurement equipment Calibrations • • • Profile surface texture Areal surface texture Surface imperfections D.4 Related standards The related standards are those of the chains of standards indicated in Table D.1 44 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved ISO 660: 01 7(E) Bibliography [1] ISO 2692, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Maximum material requirement (MMR), least material requirement (LMR) and reciprocity requirement (RPR) [2] ISO 7083, [3] ISO 5458:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Positional [4] ISO 10579, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensioning and tolerancing — Non- [5] ISO 14253-1, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Inspection by measurement ofworkpieces and measuring equipment — Part 1: Decision rules for proving formity or noncon formity with specifications [6] ISO 14638, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Matrix model dimensions Technical drawings — Symbols for geometrical tolerancing — Proportions and tolerancing rigid parts © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved 45 ISO 660: 01 7(E) ICS  01.100.20 Price based on 45 pages © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved