Read the text and choose the best answer This new science, which De Vany calls evolutionary fitness, is part of growing efforts to understand how the human body has been shaped by evolution, and to us.
Read the text and choose the best answer This new science, which De Vany calls evolutionary fitness, is part of growing efforts to understand how the human body has been shaped by evolution, and to use this knowledge to improve our health and fitness Proponents believe the key lies in the lifestyle of our hunter-gatherer ancestors because, they say, the vast majority of the human genome is still adapted to an ancient rhythm of life which swung between intense periods of activity and long stretches of inertia Across the Palaeolithic age - which covers the period between 2.6 million and 10,000years ago - prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both For men, this would have meant lots of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and turns, perhaps violent struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill Women may not have had such intense exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources of water or food, digging up tubers, and carrying children If modern hunter-gatherers are anything to go by, men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15 kilometres or more on each trip Women may have gathered food every two or three days There would also have been plenty of other regular physical activities for both sexes such as skinning animals and tool making, and probably dancing Which one of the following does the writer highlight when discussing the lifestyle of our Palaeolithic ancestors Chọn câu trả lời: a the sudden movements required during their daily activities Read the text and complete the sentence below COURSE GUIDELINES Assignments Coursework assignments will involve the production of an artefact (something shaped by human beings rather than by nature) OR an investigation of some kind followed by a report This is to demonstrate the relevance of your study to society today If you opt to produce an artefact, (e.g a working model or piece of machinery) you will also be expected to provide some written explanation of how and why you produced it There are………types of assignment to choose from Chọn câu trả lời: c 2 Choose the most suitable headings for the paragraph The concept of the rocket, or rather the mechanism behind the idea of propelling an object into the air, has been around for well over two thousand years However, it wasn’t until the discovery of the reaction principle, which was the key to space travel and so represents one of the great milestones in the history of scientific thought, that rocket technology was able to develop Not only did it solve a problem that had intrigued man for ages, but, more importantly, it literally opened the door to exploration of the universe Chọn câu trả lời: a The impact of the reaction principle Read the text and choose the best answer Across the Palaeolithic age - which covers the period between 2.6 million and 10,000years ago - prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both For men, this would have meant lots of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and turns, perhaps violent struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill Women may not have had such intense exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources of water or food, digging up tubers, and carrying children If modern hunter-gatherers are anything to go by, men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15 kilometres or more on each trip Women may have gathered food every two or three days There would also have been plenty of other regular physical activities for both sexes such as skinning animals and tool making, and probably dancing Our ancestors must have evolved cardiovascular, metabolic and thermoregulatory systems capable of sustaining high-level aerobic exertion under the hot African sun, according to Loren Cordain of the Human Performance Laboratory at Colorado State University And given that the Palaeolithic era ended only an evolutionary blink of an eye ago, we ignore its legacy at our peril Cordain and his colleagues point out that in today's developed societies, inactivity is associated with disease Contemporary hunter- gatherer societies rarely experience these modern killers, they say This is where De Vany's exercise ideas come in 'The primary objectives for any exercise and diet programme must be to counter hyper-insulinaemia (chronically elevated insulin) and hypoexertion (wasting of the body's lean mass through inactivity),' he writes in his forthcoming book about evolutionary exercise Exercise and diet are linked For example, says De Vany, our appetite control mechanisms work best when our activity mimics that of our ancestors But he feels that most modern exercise regimes are not hitting the mark Cordain compares modern hunter-gatherer societies to Paleolithic societies in terms of their… Chọn câu trả lời: a resistance to certain fatal illnesses Read the text and choose the best answer Niagara Falls, one of the most famous North American natural wonders, has long been a popular tourist destination Tourists today flock to see the two falls that actually constitute Niagara Falls: the 173-foot-high Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side of the Niagara River in the Canadian province of Ontario and the 182-foot-high American Falls on the U.S side of the river in the state of New York Approximately 85 percent of the water that goes over the falls actually goes over Horseshoe Falls, with the rest going over American Falls Most visitors come between April and October, and it is quite a popular activity to take a steamer out onto the river and right up to the base of the falls for a close-up view It is also possible to get a spectacular view of the falls from the strategic locations along the Niagara River, such as Prospect Point or Table Rock, or from one of the four observation towers which have heights up to 500 feet Tourists have been visiting Niagara Falls in large numbers since the 1800s; annual visitation now averages above 10 million visitors per year Because of concern that all these tourists would inadvertently destroy the natural beauty of this scenic wonder, the state of New York in 1885 created Niagara Falls Park in order to protect the land surrounding American Falls A year later Canada created Queen Victoria Park on the Canadian side of the Niagara, around Horseshoe Falls With the area surrounding the falls under the jurisdiction of government agencies, appropriate steps could be taken to preserve the pristine beauty of the area A "steamer” in paragraph is probably Chọn câu trả lời: d A boat Read the text and choose the best answer He also argues that most people not train the right muscles for that ultimately attractive - and adaptive - quality of symmetry 'Symmetry is a reliable evolutionary clue to health,' he says 'Tumours and pathologies produce gross asymmetries, and our love of symmetry reflects the reproductive success of our ancestors, who were sensitive to these clues.' He strives for the X-look - a symmetrical balance of mass in the shoulder girdle, upper chest and back, the calves and lower quads, two of the four large muscles at the front of the thighs This also makes men look taller, he adds, 'another reliable evolutionary clue that women use to find good genes' The hunter-gatherer lifestyle indicates that women should exercise only a little less intensely than men, says De Vany 'Women are opportunistic hunters who go after small game when they come across it They also climb trees to capture honey and snare birds And have you ever seen how much work it is to dig out a deep tuber?' Women benefit enormously from strength work, he says It increases their bone density and they get and stay leaner by building muscle mass 'Today's women are so weak [compared with their female ancestors].' Female exercise programmes should vary according to the shape of the individual Chọn câu trả lời: b NOT GIVEN Read the text and choose the best answer De Vany's advice to the modern exercise freak is to cut duration and frequency, and increase intensity 'Our muscle fibre composition reveals that we are adapted to extreme intensity of effort,' says De Vany, a professor of economics at the Institute of Mathematical Behavioral Sciences at the University of California, Irvine His approach to fitness combines Darwinian thinking with his interest in chaos theory and complex systems In the paragraph, De Vany recommends that people should… Chọn câu trả lời: b exercise harder but for less time. Read the text and choose the best answer De Vany views the body as non-linear and dynamic and says exercise should mix order and chaos 'Chronic aerobic exercise overstrains the heart, reducing the chaotic variation in the heart rate which is essential to health,' he says Likewise, most weight training is governed too much by routine and is too timeconsuming He gives his own workout a chaotic character with ascending weights and descending repetitions To these brief but intense gym workouts he adds a wide variety of other activities that vary randomly in intensity and duration These include roller blading, bicycling, walking, sprinting, tennis, basketball, power walking, hitting softballs and trekking with a grandson on his shoulders Which type of activity does de Vany criticise as being harmful? Chọn câu trả lời: d aerobic exercise Read the text and choose the best answer CLASSIC TOURS - coach break information Luggage We ask you to keep luggage down to one medium-sized suitcase per person, but a small holdall can also be taken on board the coach Seat Allocation Requests for particular seats can be made on most coach breaks when booking, but since allocations are made on a first come first served basis, early booking is advisable When bookings are made with us you will be offered the best seats that are available on the coach at that time Travel Documents When you have paid your deposit we will send to you all the necessary documents and labels, so that you receive them in good time before the coach break departure date Certain documents, for example air or boat tickets, may have to be retained and your driver or courier will then issue them to you at the relevant point Special Diets If you require a special diet you must inform us at the time of booking with a copy of the diet This will be notified to the hotel or hotels on your coach break, but on certain coach breaks the hotels used are tourist class and whilst offering value for money within the price range, they may not have the full facilities to cope with special diets Any extra costs incurred must be paid to the hotel by yourself before departure from the hotel Accommodation Many of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page Other coach breaks have a limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking the supplementary charge shown in the price panel will be added to your account On any coach break there are only a limited number of single rooms When a single room is available it may be subject to a supplementary charge and this will be shown on the brochure page Entertainment Some of our hotels arrange additional entertainment which could include music, dancing, film shows, etc The nature and frequency of the entertainment presented is at the discretion of the hotel and therefore not guaranteed and could be withdrawn if there is a lack of demand or insufficient numbers in the hotel If you want to sit at the front of the coach…… Chọn câu trả lời: b book your seat well in advance Read the text and choose the best answer This new science, which De Vany calls evolutionary fitness, is part of growing efforts to understand how the human body has been shaped by evolution, and to use this knowledge to improve our health and fitness Proponents believe the key lies in the lifestyle of our hunter-gatherer ancestors because, they say, the vast majority of the human genome is still adapted to an ancient rhythm of life which swung between intense periods of activity and long stretches of inertia Across the Palaeolithic age - which covers the period between 2.6 million and 10,000years ago - prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both For men, this would have meant lots of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and turns, perhaps violent struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill Women may not have had such intense exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources of water or food, digging up tubers, and carrying children If modern hunter-gatherers are anything to go by, men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15 kilometres or more on each trip Women may have gathered food every two or three days There would also have been plenty of other regular physical activities for both sexes such as skinning animals and tool making, and probably dancing Which one of the following does the writer highlight when discussing the lifestyle of our Palaeolithic ancestors? Chọn câu trả lời: a the difficulties involved in finding food b the aggressive nature of their negotiations with others c their size compared to that of modem man d the fact that life was equally energetic for both sexes Read the text and choose the best answer De Vany's advice to the modern exercise freak is to cut duration and frequency, and increase intensity 'Our muscle fibre composition reveals that we are adapted to extreme intensity of effort,' says De Vany, a professor of economics at the Institute of Mathematical Behavioral Sciences at the University of California, Irvine His approach to fitness combines Darwinian thinking with his interest in chaos theory and complex systems This new science, which De Vany calls evolutionary fitness, is part of growing efforts to understand how the human body has been shaped by evolution, and to use this knowledge to improve our health and fitness Proponents believe the key lies in the lifestyle of our hunter-gatherer ancestors because, they say, the vast majority of the human genome is still adapted to an ancient rhythm of life which swung between intense periods of activity and long stretches of inertia What term does De Vany use to describe his approach to physicalexercise? Chọn câu trả lời: a evolutionary fitness b growing efforts c health and fitness d ancient rhythm Read the text and complete the sentence below COURSE GUIDELINES Assignments Coursework assignments will involve the production of an artefact (something shaped by human beings rather than by nature) OR an investigation of some kind followed by a report This is to demonstrate the relevance of your study to society today If you opt to produce an artefact, (e.g a working model or piece of machinery) you will also be expected to provide some written explanation of how and why you produced it You need to follow these steps: •Find out precisely what is expected of you Talk to your tutor and refer to the syllabus document •Be aware of what skills and abilities you must demonstrate •Always plan a project thoroughly before you begin it but be realistic about how much time you can seriously devote to it A working model must be accompanied by………of some sort Chọn câu trả lời: a written explanation b production c study d investigation The word “jurisdiction" in paragraph is closest in meaning to Chọn câu trả lời: d control Which TWO opposing factors does De Vany say an exercise programmeshould include? Chọn câu trả lời: d order and chaos The passage implies that tourists prefer to Chọn câu trả lời: d visit Niagara Falls during warmer weather The expression "given rise to” in paragraph could best be replaced by Chọn câu trả lời: b spurred the creation of The word "flock” in paragraph could best be replaced by Chọn câu trả lời: b come in large numbers Geographical features have played a role inhumanphysical development Chọn câu trả lời: a TRUE b NOT GIVEN c FALSE According to the passage, which of the following best describes Niagara Falls? Chọn câu trả lời: a The Niagara River has two falls, one in Canada and one in the United States Topics must be based on…………… Chọn câu trả lời: c a real-life problem Which type of exercise does De Vany practise on a regular basis? Chọn câu trả lời: a weight training b trekking c aerobic exercise d hitting softballs What you learn about Art De Vany in the paragraph? Chọn câu trả lời: a He is older than he appears to be b He works as a professional sports player c He frequently tests his health d He believes he has inherited a strong body. A blue moon could best be described as Chọn câu trả lời: c. a full moon that is not blue in color If you need a special diet you should…… If you need a special diet you should Read the text and choose the best answer Chọn câu trả lời: d tell the coach company. The main topic discussed in the text is…… Chọn câu trả lời: d a laser technique used in trying to control lightning strikes The importance of genetic differences in deciding on an exercise programme is minimal Chọn câu trả lời: c TRUE The expression “right up” in paragraph could best be replaced by Chọn câu trả lời: b all the way up How does the author feel about the fence? Chọn câu trả lời: b impressed It may be necessary to pay extra for…… Chọn câu trả lời: c a bathroom. In the paragraph the writer suggests that…… Chọn câu trả lời: b there are several ways to avoid city pollution. EPRI receives financial support from Chọn câu trả lời: a power companies As a result of their experiments, Dr Corsi’s team found that ……… Chọn câu trả lời: b indoor pollution rivals outdoor pollution The word “hue" in paragraph is closest in meaning to Chọn câu trả lời: c color Choose the most suitable headings for the paragraph An intellectual breakthrough, brilliant though it may be, does not automatically ensure that the transition is made from theory to practice Despite the fact that rockets had been used sporadically for several hundred years, they remained a relatively minor artefact of civilisation until the twentieth century Prodigious efforts, accelerated during two world wars, were required before the technology of primitive rocketry could be translated into the reality of sophisticated astronauts It is strange that the rocket was generally ignored by writers of fiction to transport their heroes to mysterious realms beyond the Earth, even though it had been commonly used in fireworks displays in China since the thirteenth century The reason is that nobody associated the reaction principle with the idea of travelling through space to a neighbouring world Chọn câu trả lời: a. How the reaction principle b The first use of steam c Writers’ theories of the reaction principle d The impact of the reaction principle Read the text and complete the sentence below COURSE GUIDELINES Assignments Coursework assignments will involve the production of an artefact (something shaped by human beings rather than by nature) OR an investigation of some kind followed by a report This is to demonstrate the relevance of your study to society today If you opt to produce an artefact, (e.g a working model or piece of machinery) you will also be expected to provide some written explanation of how and why you produced it You need to follow these steps: •Find out precisely what is expected of you Talk to your tutor and refer to the syllabus document •Be aware of what skills and abilities you must demonstrate •Always plan a project thoroughly before you begin it but be realistic about how much time you can seriously devote to it In order to understand the purpose of the assignment, students are advised to read…………… Chọn câu trả lời: a the syllabus document b written explanation c production d study Read the text and complete the sentence below COURSE GUIDELINES Assignments Coursework assignments will involve the production of an artefact (something shaped by human beings rather than by nature) OR an investigation of some kind followed by a report This is to demonstrate the relevance of your study to society today If you opt to produce an artefact, (e.g a working model or piece of machinery) you will also be expected to provide some written explanation of how and why you produced it You need to follow these steps: •Find out precisely what is expected of you Talk to your tutor and refer to the syllabus document •Be aware of what skills and abilities you must demonstrate •Always plan a project thoroughly before you begin it but be realistic about how much time you can seriously devote to it Choosing a topic Remember that this course is essentially concerned with the achievement of desired ends So first identify a real-life problem, then consider it in detail, specify a precise need and then define your design task As you plan, wherever possible, consider using new materials, techniques and technology such as computer-aided design (CAD) There is nothing wrong with talking to knowledgeable people about your project; in fact, this shows initiative However, the project is yours so you must the work yourself You will need a fairly flexible plan because sometimes resources, apparatus and consumables may not be available when you need them It is a good idea to work backwards when planning so you know you will meet your final deadline Finally, when you plan the various stages of your project give due regard to safety and costs To avoid handing the assignment in late, it is suggested that students………… Chọn câu trả lời: a work plan backwards Read the text and choose the best answer Niagara Falls, one of the most famous North American natural wonders, has long been a popular tourist destination Tourists today flock to see the two falls that actually constitute Niagara Falls: the 173-foot-high Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side of the Niagara River in the Canadian province of Ontario and the 182-foot-high American Falls on the U.S side of the river in the state of New York Approximately 85 percent of the water that goes over the falls actually goes over Horseshoe Falls, with the rest going over American Falls Most visitors come between April and October, and it is quite a popular activity to take a steamer out onto the river and right up to the base of the falls for a close-up view It is also possible to get a spectacular view of the falls from the strategic locations along the Niagara River, such as Prospect Point or Table Rock, or from one of the four observation towers which have heights up to 500 feet Tourists have been visiting Niagara Falls in large numbers since the 1800s; annual visitation now averages above 10 million visitors per year Because of concern that all these tourists would inadvertently destroy the natural beauty of this scenic wonder, the state of New York in 1885 created Niagara Falls Park in order to protect the land surrounding American Falls A year later Canada created Queen Victoria Park on the Canadian side of the Niagara, around Horseshoe Falls With the area surrounding the falls under the jurisdiction of government agencies, appropriate steps could be taken to preserve the pristine beauty of the area What is the major point that the author is making in this passage? Chọn câu trả lời: a Niagara Falls can be viewed from either the American side or the Canadian side b It has been necessary to protect Niagara Falls from the many tourists who go there c Niagara Falls has had an interesting history d A trip to the United States isn't complete without a visit to Niagara Falls. Read the text and choose the best answer Niagara Falls, one of the most famous North American natural wonders, has long been a popular tourist destination Tourists today flock to see the two falls that actually constitute Niagara Falls: the 173-foot-high Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side of the Niagara River in the Canadian province of Ontario and the 182-foot-high American Falls on the U.S side of the river in the state of New York Approximately 85 percent of the water that goes over the falls actually goes over Horseshoe Falls, with the rest going over American Falls Most visitors come between April and October, and it is quite a popular activity to take a steamer out onto the river and right up to the base of the falls for a close-up view It is also possible to get a spectacular view of the falls from the strategic locations along the Niagara River, such as Prospect Point or Table Rock, or from one of the four observation towers which have heights up to 500 feet Tourists have been visiting Niagara Falls in large numbers since the 1800s; annual visitation now averages above 10 million visitors per year Because of concern that all these tourists would inadvertently destroy the natural beauty of this scenic wonder, the state of New York in 1885 created Niagara Falls Park in order to protect the land surrounding American Falls A year later Canada created Queen Victoria Park on the Canadian side of the Niagara, around Horseshoe Falls With the area surrounding the falls under the jurisdiction of government agencies, appropriate steps could be taken to preserve the pristine beauty of the area According to the passage, why was Niagara Park created? Chọn câu trả lời: a To protect the area around Niagara Falls Read the text and choose the best answer CLASSIC TOURS - coach break information Luggage We ask you to keep luggage down to one medium-sized suitcase per person, but a small holdall can also be taken on board the coach Seat Allocation Requests for particular seats can be made on most coach breaks when booking, but since allocations are made on a first come first served basis, early booking is advisable When bookings are made with us you will be offered the best seats that are available on the coach at that time Travel Documents When you have paid your deposit we will send to you all the necessary documents and labels, so that you receive them in good time before the coach break departure date Certain documents, for example air or boat tickets, may have to be retained and your driver or courier will then issue them to you at the relevant point Special Diets If you require a special diet you must inform us at the time of booking with a copy of the diet This will be notified to the hotel or hotels on your coach break, but on certain coach breaks the hotels used are tourist class and whilst offering value for money within the price range, they may not have the full facilities to cope with special diets Any extra costs incurred must be paid to the hotel by yourself before departure from the hotel Accommodation Many of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page Other coach breaks have a limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking the supplementary charge shown in the price panel will be added to your account On any coach break there are only a limited number of single rooms When a single room is available it may be subject to a supplementary charge and this will be shown on the brochure page Entertainment Some of our hotels arrange additional entertainment which could include music, dancing, film shows, etc The nature and frequency of the entertainment presented is at the discretion of the hotel and therefore not guaranteed and could be withdrawn if there is a lack of demand or insufficient numbers in the hotel Your air tickets…… Chọn câu trả lời: b will be sent to your departure point. a may be held by your coach driver c must be collected before leaving d will be enclosed with other documents Read the text and choose the best answer There is a common expression in English language referring to a blue moon When people say that something happens "only once in blue moon,” they mean that it happens only very rarely, once in a great while This expression has been around for at least a century and a half; there are references to this expression that date from the second half of the nineteenth century