Tiểu luận học phần phương pháp học đại học what are your challenges as a first year student at nha trang university and how do you overcome them

BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NHA TRANG KHOA KINH TẾ TIỂU LUẬN HỌC PHẦN PHƯƠNG PHÁP HỌC ĐẠI HỌC Giảng viên hướng dẫn: PSG TS Lê Văn Hảo Sinh viên thực hiện: Nguyễn Dương Giai Thoại Mã số sinh viên: 63132634 Nhóm trực thuộc: Nhóm – ANIMAL PLANET i Khánh Hòa: 2021 TABLE OF CONTENT CARRIED OUT BY ii Nguyễn Dương Giai Thoại 63132634 QUESTION What are your challenges as a first-year student at Nha Trang University and how you overcome them iv QUESTION Compare Problem-based learning, Project-based learning, and Case-based learning What can you learn from these types of learning? v 2.1 Problem-based learning v 2.1.1 Definition v 2.1.2 Advantages v 2.1.3 Disadvantages vi 2.2 Project-based learning vi 2.2.1 Definition vi 2.2.2 Advantages vi 2.2.3 Disadvantages vii 2.3 Case-based learning vii 2.3.1 Definition vii 2.3.2 Advantages viii 2.3.3 Disadvantages viii 2.4 Conclusion viii QUESTION Use one Mind map to summarize a lesson/unit of any subject you are studying and one Mind map to describe an activity or event ix ii 3.1 A Mind map to summarize a lesson that I am studying ix 3.2 A Mind map to describe an activity x QUESTION 4: Identify a problem related to students and use Six Thinking Hats to analyze it x 4.1 Introduction x 4.2 The White Hat x 4.3 The Red Hat xi 4.4 The Yellow Hat xi 4.5 The Black Hat xi 4.6 The Green Hat xi 4.7 The Blue Hat xii REFERENCES xiii iii Question 1: What are your challenges as a first-year student at Nha Trang University and how you overcome them? The transition from being a high school student to a university one is already arduous; on top of that, the Covid-19 pandemic makes it even more difficult for someone like me Some of the challenges that I have encountered during my study at Nha Trang University include:  Having to adapt to an entirely new environment  Having to make new friends  The methods of studying and teaching are different from what I’m used to  The online classroom also adds additional difficulties Even though there are challenges, one cannot just stay put and wait for the problems to subside When facing a multitude of problems, the best thing we can is to face them directly And that’s what I’ve done  When encountering a new environment, the first thing that I look for is how other people who have lived in those environments act, and then mimic their actions Because conditions are different, the best indicator as to how one should react is often from seniors, from then you can comfortably live in those environments with ease  Choosing the right university to continue studying is one of the most important decisions in someone’s life Because of this, students rarely choose to study along with their friends; and instead, they pick universities that match their interests and future As a result, students in university classes don’t know anything about each other; so they must make new friends in other to thrive in class And so I, when having to make new friends, I talk a lot more, smile more, share personnel stories (preferably not embarrassing ones) When I that, the other person or group of new friends will be more open, they’ll become iv more comfortable when I’m around And not long after we’ll be good friends It’s as easy as that!  In university, studying is centered around self-learning a lot more than in high school Because of this difference, some students may have a hard time coping with the methods of teaching and learning I too, in the beginning, have also had some difficulties regarding this problem, a large part of this problem stems from the depend-on-others mindset To remedy this, I have learned to work effectively and independently without anyone’s help When you work unaided, you will train your brain to think out of the box, to find a solution to the problem that you’re facing  Because of the pandemic, students can’t learn in person but must stay at home and study through the screen of a phone or a computer Due to the nature of the computer screen, interactions between the teacher and the learner are severely limited There isn’t much I can to help the situation, but I think the one thing that can alleviate the problem is for students to speak up more, to interact more with teachers so that they don’t feel like they’re talking to a computer and not a classroom full of eager students wanting to learn Those are some of the challenges that I faced as a first-year student at Nha Trang University and some ways that I have conquered those challenges Question 2: Compare Problem-based learning, Project-based learning, and Case-based learning What can you learn from these types of learning? First and foremost, we’ll discuss the definitions, advantages, and disadvantages of Problem-based learning, Project-based learning, and Case-based learning 2.1 Problem-based learning: First is Problem-based learning 2.1.1 Definition: – “Problem-based learning is an instructional method that challenges students to “learn to learn” through working cooperatively in groups to seek solutions to real-world problems” – Barbara Dutch (2001) – Problem-based learning is a subset of Project-based learning v 2.1.2 Advantages: – [5]Continuous engagement By acting as a break from everyday lessons, Problem-based learning allows students to cooperate to solve real-world problems that directly affect or motivate them – [4]It uses real-world problems as a context for students to learn critical thinking and problem-solving skill But Problem-based learning isn’t about solving problems per se, but rather it uses relevant problems to further enhance knowledge and promote additional understanding of the subject at hand 2.1.3 Disadvantages: – [5]Potentially poorer performance when taking a test Problem-based learning encourages skills such as reasoning, working together, and critical thinking These are all beneficial skills for students to learn, especially from early on But if students have too many problem-based learning sessions and too few normal classes, when they take a standardized test – which rewards fact-based answers and multiple-choice questions, students may have a harder time achieving a good result – [5]Time-consuming Because of the nature of problem-based learning, there is no absolute answer Therefore, when giving students marks, teachers have to actively monitor and track the progress of each student and of each group based on a multitude of factors such as the number of completed tasks, the quality of those tasks, communication between students in the group, and anything else that the teacher have outlined 2.2 Project-based learning Next up is Project-based learning 2.2.1 Definition: – Project-based learning is a model that organizes learning around projects – Projects are sets of complex tasks, based on challenging questions and problems, that involve students in design, problem-solving, decision making, or investigating activities; Project-based allow students to work relatively vi autonomously over an extended period; and cumulate in realistic products or presentations 2.2.2 Advantages: – [6]Teach them time management and skills that they may need to solve problems related to the project Project-based learning also promotes creativity, students use prior knowledge to complete each task that will later become a full-fledged project – [6]Control When making a project, students get to choose over which content to use in their project With teachers acting as a coach, students can freely reflect and adjust their plan of action to best fit the circumstances and make a more in-depth learning experience 2.2.3 Disadvantages: – [6]Missed content In a traditional classroom, teachers educate students through units in order no matter what This will ensure that students will accumulate enough essential information that they need when taking an end-of-term exam With Project-based learning, it’s possible for students to not get enough required knowledge and fail when taking a standardized test – [7]Focus on a too large number of goals Whereas a normal classroom only focuses on a singular aim for each lesson, Project-based learning exposes students to many diverse fields of knowledge, making it difficult to excel in a specific field and leaving students with a haphazard understanding of each lesson [7]Problem-based learning and Project-based learning share quite many underlying philosophies They are both based on self-directed learning and cooperation between students, have multiple perspectives and answers Both are oriented around asking and answering questions However, they are only similar, not exchangeable Project-based learning provides something to sort out, scrutinize, and attain; rather than just stimulating thoughts as Problem-based learning does Projects tasks are closer to reality, require students to invest more time, and are more aimed toward the vii application of knowledge into real-world situations whereas Problem-based learning is more about the acquisition of knowledge 2.3 Case-based learning The final method of studying and teaching is Case-based learning 2.3.1 Definition:  Case-based learning is an established approach used across fields of study where students apply knowledge to real-world scenarios, promoting higher levels of awareness and perception 2.3.2 Advantages: – [8]Context and authenticity The reason why Cased-based learning is so popular in many higher education institutes is that it teaches crucial information within the context of authentic or real-world situations – [8]Reducing “inert” knowledge “Inert” knowledge in this context means learned information that is difficult or impossible to apply to real-world situations because it was learned out of context or relation to reality and was offered no real-world examples 2.3.3 Disadvantages: – [8]Time-consuming Because of the complexity when incorporating realworld situations into the classroom, each Case-based learning session will take a considerable amount of time to properly design and implement effectively Adding to the convolution, a team approach is recommended with a content specialist, instructional designers, multimedia producers, and programmers – [9]Unfamiliarity For many students, discussing and investigating a case is an unfamiliar experience The reactions of students being unfamiliar range from being confused and not knowing how to respond to frustration and a growing disinterest with the topic and discussion at hand 2.4 Conclusion: viii The merits of three of these learning methods are that they all encourage students to take a different approach when learning, not sticking to traditional classroom activities but to reach out and experience the world through sessions of hands-on learning Problem-based and Project-based learning both focus on the students designing, solving problems, and developing a plan related to the real world, whereas Case-based learning presents before students a case from real life and students brainstorms a solution to fit that specific situation But the main deficiency of Problem-based, Project-based, and Case-based learning is that they cost time, lots and lots of time to develop and implement correctly into the classroom scenario, if not the result will be less than desirable Question 3: Use one Mind map to summarize a lesson/unit of any subject you are studying and one Mind map to describe an activity or event 3.1 A mind-map to summarize a lesson that I am studying:  This is a mind-map to summarize a lesson in Basic Computer: Hardware of a computer ix 3.2 A Mind map to describe an activity: x  This is a mind-map to summarize an activity, specifically the act of completing an A1 driver’s license Question 4: Identify a problem related to students and use Six Thinking Hats to analyze it 4.1 Introduction: In this new era of modernization, people - especially students, are having poor sleeping schedules Why is this, we’ll utilize the Six Think Hats to analyze this problem in detail 4.2 The White Hat: First, we’ll use the White Hat [1]This is an objective hat, which focuses on facts and logic The first and foremost question that we should ask is: Why students stay up late? Students stay up late in part due to hormonal changes in teenager bodies affecting their circadian rhythm [3] Melatonin, the hormone that regulates the wake-sleep cycle, is secreted by the pineal gland in the evening When puberty hits, melatonin is released later, making many teenagers incapable of falling asleep before 11 pm Aside from xi biological reasons, there are also social reasons Students stay up late in order to connect and associate themselves with other – also tired – students A student who sleeps early will have a healthy body and a clear mind but is socially dead 4.3 The Red Hat: The second hat is the Red Hat [1]This is the intuitive hat, focusing on emotion and instinct Students choose to stay up late way into the morning hours not just because they want to relate to other students, they it because it’s fun It’s fun to be the only one awake in the house, it gives them a sense of dominance – a feeling that many of them may lack It’s fun to be scrolling through memes and funny videos, laughing in your bed It’s interesting to watch random videos on the internet instead of sleeping 4.4 The Yellow Hat: The third one is the Yellow Hat [1]This is the optimistic hat, used to look for positive outcomes Students decide to stay up late because it gives them extra hours before tomorrow arrives Those extra time can be extremely valuable if they’re having an assignment that’s close to the deadline Also, because most older adults will have been asleep by then, students will have complete silence when working on their problems, making them more focused and efficient on the task at hand 4.5 The Black Hat: Next up is the Black Hat [1]This is the cautious hat, used for critical judgment While having some extra hours to complete your work may seem like a worthwhile trade-off Not having enough sleep is detrimental to your health and academic results [2]It hinders your progress in class, causes irritability, fatigue, interfere with the development of new memory and recalling old ones It also results in the impairing of vision, judgment, and reaction time In more severe cases of sleep deprivation, it can cause much more adverse health effects such as weight gain, heart disease, diabetes, and even stroke So be careful not to stay up too late and don’t so too often 4.6 The Green Hat: Hat number five is the Green Hat [1]This is the creative hat, where ideas are abundant and criticism spare To avoid having to stay up late, consider making a plan of action xii for the day ahead That way you can utilize your waking hours to the fullest and minimize having to extra work during the night And just like that, you’ll have the time to have a full 8-hour sleep And if you’re having difficulty falling asleep, think about turning off electronics a couple of hours before bedtime, avoid blue light as much as possible Your brain will have time to adjust to the darkness of the night and you’ll be falling asleep in no time! 4.7 The Blue Hat: The sixth and final hat is the Blue Hat This is the hat of control; it asks for summaries and conclusions Sleeping is one of the most important aspects of our life, of having a healthy lifestyle We spend one-third of our life sleeping So don’t because of some extra hour of wakefulness that you sacrifice this crucial process of our life Have enough sleep Staying up late has some benefits, but its drawbacks need to be considered and are usually not worth it xiii REFERENCES  [1] airfocus, “What are the six thinking hats?”, February 16th, 2020 Available: https://airfocus.com/glossary/what-are-the-six-thinkinghats/, access December 18th, 2021  [2] M.Sc Susha Cheriyedath, “What Does Staying up all Night and Sleeping all Day to the Body?”, January 21st, 2020 Available: https://www.news-medical.net/health/What-Does-Stayingup-all-Night-and-Sleeping-all-Day-do-to-the-Body.aspx accessed December 18th, 2021  [3] Vanessa Keys, “The science of sleep: why students get up so late?”, August 24th, 2017 Available: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/universitychecklist/why-do-students-get-up-so-late/, accessed December 18th, 2021  [4] Diana F Wood, “Problem-based learning”, February 8th, 2003 Available: https://www.bmj.com/content/326/7384/328, accessed December 20th, 2021  [5] Marcus Guido, “5 Advantages and Disadvantages of ProblemBased Learning [+ Activity Design Step]”, December 14th, 2016 Available: https://www.prodigygame.com/main-en/blog/advantagesdisadvantages-problem-based-learning/, accessed December 20th, 2021  [6] James, “Pros and Cons of Project-Based Learning”, February 4th, 2021 Available: https://atutor.ca/pros-and-cons-of-project-based-learning/ accessed December 20th, 2021  [7] Matej Mihic, “Professors’ and Students’ Perception of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Project-Based Learning”, xiv International Journal of Engineering Education (July 15th, 2017), 35  [8] Kevin Oliver, “Case-Based Learning”, 1999 Available: https://dms.nasc.org.np/sites/default/files/documents/Casebased_teaching.pdf, accessed December 21st, 2021  [9] Mark B Mostert “Challenges of Case-based Teaching” The Behavior Analyst Today (2007), 436-437 xv ... student at Nha Trang University and some ways that I have conquered those challenges Question 2: Compare Problem-based learning, Project-based learning, and Case-based learning What can you learn...Khánh H? ?a: 2021 TABLE OF CONTENT CARRIED OUT BY ii Nguyễn Dương Giai Thoại 63132634 QUESTION What are your challenges as a first- year student at Nha Trang University and how you overcome them iv... Hat x 4.3 The Red Hat xi 4.4 The Yellow Hat xi 4.5 The Black Hat xi 4.6 The Green Hat xi 4.7 The Blue Hat xii REFERENCES xiii iii Question 1: What are your challenges as a first- year student at