Báo cáo "Thuỵ Điển với cuộc kháng chiến chống Mỹ cứu nước của nhân dân Việt Nam. " pptx

QUAN HE VIET NAM - CHAU AU THUV DI€N VOI CUOC KHttNG CHICN CHONG AAV CLTU NUOC j'3i / ,P cm MHA]^ DAN VIET ]\AM or.ii! ii :: . . , , \\y> u>u \^-y: Ndi den nhirng nhan td lam nen thang Igi ciia cude khang chien chdng My eu'u nudc, ngoai sy lanh dao sang sudt, tai tinh cua Dang dirng dau la Chii tich Hd Chi Minh, SU'C manh ciia khdi dai doan ket toan dan tdc, tinh doan ket chien dau ciia nhan dan ba nude Ddng Duong, v.v , chiing ta khdng the khdng nhae tdi sy img hd, giiip dd cua be ban qudc te. Ngoai nhirng nudc xa hdi chii nghTa (XHCN) ludn ke vai, sat canh vdi nhan dan Viet Nam, thi sy iing hd, giiip dd cua cac nudc phuang Tay, dac biet la sir img hd, giup do ciia Chinh phii va nhan dan Thuy Dien da gdp phan dua cude khang chien chdng My eiia nhan dan Viet Nam di den thang lgi eudi cimg. The ehan Phap nhay vao xam luge Viet Nam, ngay tir dau cude chien, de qude My da su- dung nhiing ehien luge chien tranh tan bao nhat trong lich sir loai ngudi hdng dim cude dau tranh eiia nhan dan ta trong be mau. Tuy nhien, lua thie vdng, gian nan thie siec, trong gian khd, kbd khan, ban ITnh va tri tue Le Vdn Phong Vien Lich sur qudn sir Viet Nam ciia nhan dan Viet Nam lai duge khang dinh ban bao gid bet. Dudi sy lanh dao cua Dang, dirng dau la Chii tich Hd Chi Minh, nhan dan ta tirng budc lam that bai mpi am muu, thii doan tham dpc ciia ke thii. Dae biet, vdi chien luge tranh thu su ung hp. giiip dd cua be bgn qudc te cho cude khang chien, den nhii-ng nam 1960 ciia the ki XX, dudi nhieu hinh thirc khac nhau, nhan dan Viet Nam dugc nhan dan the gidi img hd manh me. Tai Thuy Dien, nam 1965^, hang trieu ngudi tbudc mpi dang phai, tang Idp xa bdi khae nhau da cd nhiing hanh ddng phan ddi cude chien tranh xam luge Viet Nam eiia de qudc My, dae biet la viec md rdng chien tranh danh pha mien Bae XHCN ciia chinh quyen Oasinhton. Tir day cho den ket thiie cude chien, phong trao chdng ehien tranh Viet Nam, doan ket img hd Viet Nam vdi ten gpi phong trdo Viet Nam tii'ng budc dugc hinh thanh, phat trien tir ty phat den cd td ' Thuy Diin la nudc nam a Bac Au, co dien tich 449.964 km'; dan s6 9.059.650 nguai (2008); La mot tron" s6 cac nuoc c6 muc song cao nhat the gioi. " Day la nam de quoc My tien hanh chien luoc "Chien tranh cue bo" doi voi chien trudng mien Nam va tien hanh chien tranh pha hoai lan thu nhat doi vdi mien Bac. 62 NGHIEN COU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°03 (126).2011 chuc. tir mdt \ ai dia phuong iilianh chdng lan ra khap dat nudc Thuy Dien. Khdng ehl ddi theo cude chien tranh phi nghia ma de qudc My ga}- ra ddi \-di dan tdc Met Nam. Chinh phu Thuy Dien cdn ba} td sir quan ngai \e kha nang md rpng ehien tranh se lam anh hudng tdi cpng ddng qudc te. do va}, nhimg nha lanh dao Thuy Dien keu gpi giai qu}et chien tranh \'iet Nam thdng qua dam phan. Ngay 14.2.1966. Bd trirong Ngoai giao Thuy Dien phat bieu: "Mdi nguy hiem ngdy cdng rd rdng Id hien nay chien tranh liet Nam cd the ma rpng thdnh mpt cupe xung dpi qude te nghiem trong hon nhieu. Dgc biet Id tinh hinh Viet Nam cd the ehdm ngdi cho mpt cupe bitng nd the gidi. Do vgy. Chinh phu Thuy Dien da ung hp die ludn qudc te keu goi ddm phdn "^. Theo thdi gian. sy ung hd cua Thuy Dien ddi vdi cude khang chien ciia nhan dan ta nga}' cang manh me, tir chd keu gpi hai ben My va Viet Nam eiing nhan nhugng. giai quyet cude chien thdng qua dam phan, tir nam 1967 trd di da chuyen sang ung hd \'iet Nam \ di nhieu hanh ddng tich eye. Sang nam 1968, sau cude tdng tien cdng \a ndi day Tet Mau Than, "phong trdo chdng chien tranh xdm luge Viet Nam. ddi rid het qudn dpi ve nudc cua nhdn ddn ddy len khdp nudc My " da ldi cudn ddng dao nhan dan the sidi hudna img. 0 Thu\- Dien. phong trao phan ddi cude chien tranh cua My tai \'iet Nam da tac ddng sau sac tdi moi boat ddng chinh tri - xa hdi cua nude na}. Ung hd quyen ty qu}-et cua nhan dan \'iet Nam. ngay 18 2/1968. Bd truang Ngoai giao Thuy Dien khang dinh: " nhdn ddn Viet Nam phai cd ca hdi quyet dinh cdng viec npi bp cita minh. Chung ta cimg tdn thdnh muc tieu dd. Dieu dd chi cd the dgt duge neu moi luc lugng qudn su nudc ngodi ehdm diet can thiep. Cdn phdi tiip tuc nd liec de ehdm diet bp mdy chiin tranh. tiep den Id ldm bp mdy dd riit khdi Viet Nam vd cudi ciing di cho nhdn ddn Viet Nam cd ca hpi xdy dicng ddt nude bi tdn phd cua ho"'. Ngay 21 3'1968. dai dien Chinh phii Thuy Dien tuyen bd: "Ddi vdi eupe xung dpi a Viet .Nam. Chinh phii di theo quan diem cua da sd cdng chimg Thuy Dien " . Nhimg tm'en bd tren khdng chi khang dinh lap trirdng. quan diem va thai dp ciia Chinh phii Thuy Dien ddi vdi \ an de chien tranh \'iet Nam. ma cdn la hien thirc boa dudng ldi ddi ngoai ciia Thuy Dien. dugc Chu tich U}' ban Ddi ngoai Qudc hdi Thuy Didn khing dinh ngay 19 11/1968 la: "Trong nhicng ndm qua. chinh sdch ddi ngogi ciia Thuy Diin ngdy cdng coi trong nguyen tde dodn kit vdi cdc ddn tpc vd coi do la mpt trong nhicng dudng ldi chi dgo. Van kien ve Thuy Dien ndm 1966. tr. 10. Le Mail Han (Chii bien): Dgi cuang Lich sir Viet Sam. tap III. Nxb Giao Due. HaNoi. 2001. tr.221. ' \ 'an kien ve Thuy; Dien ndm 196S. tr. 1 21. * Tic\en bo ciia Chinh phu Thuy Dien tgi Rik.^ :^ ^jy 21.3.1968. Xem trong: Janet G.Hankin. Sde^ _ ]- Perception: A Case Study of Swedish Recognit i Political Science. /Stockholm. 1985). ^Iiiiij ^fjieu od'i eiide Uhdiiii fhie'ii 63 Chinh sdch dodn ket vdi cdc ddn tpc duoc du ludn Thuy Dien nhdl tri ung hp "\ Chinh kien cua Chinh phii Thuy Didn giai doan na}' da tac ddng sau sic tdi cdng ddng qudc te, dac biet la cac qudc gia Tay Au, giiip hp nhan thay cude chien tranh chdng My ma nhan dan Viet Nam dang tien hanh la cude chien dau tieu bieu cho chinh nghTa chdng phi ngliTa, van minh chdng bao tan. "Ung hp Viet Nam Id iing hp nhicng ngudi chien ddu bao ve nhicng gid tri nhdn vdn cua lodi ngicdi. hdo ve nhicng tie ludng lien hp cua thdi dgi" . Vi le dd, d nhieu nudc, hai tieng Viet Nam - Hd Chi Minh trd thanh khau hieu tap hgp nhieu tang ldp nhan dan khac nhau doan ket vdi Viet Nam. Nhieu nha cam quyen cac nudc cd che dp chinh tri - xa hdi khae vdi nude ta, nhieu lanh tu cae td chirc qudc gia, qudc te, cac td cliii'c tdn giao, xa hdi, nhieu chinh gidi, nhan sT, tri thirc cd ten tudi da bang nhirng hinh thii'c khae nhau tham gia doan ket vdi Viet Nam. Cd the ndi, cung vdi nhirng thang lgi ve quan sy, ehinh tri, sy ling hd, giiip dd ciia nhan dan the gidi trong do cd Chinh phii va nhan dan Thuy Dien da gdp phan lam that bai chien luge "chien tranh cue bp " eiia de qudc My d Viet Nam. Ddi vdi chinh quyen My. mac dii that bai trong chien luge chien tranh cue hd. nhung muc tieu trudc mat va lau dai ddi \a\ each mang Viet Nam cua Nha irang thi kbdng he thay ddi. Dau nam 1969, nga} khi thang eii-, Tdng thdng Nichxo-n da cho ra ddi hpc thuyet mang ten minh - Hoc ihiiyel Nichxan va tiep tuc day manh cude chien tranh xam luge Ddng Duong. Vdi hpc thuyet nay, Nichxan mim toan khdi phuc lai sire manh ciia My, cd giir vai trd ""sen dam qudc te", vai trd lanh dao "the gidi ty do"' va cd bam lay nhirng lgi ich de qudc chii nghTa tren the gidi. Trudc chien luge chien tranh nidi ciia kc thil. Dang ta chii truang tiep tuc lanh dao toan quan va toan dan day manh tien cdng dich tren chien trirdng, ddng thdi tang cudng boat ddng qudc te, ra sire tranh thii su ddng tinh, img hd va giiip dd ngay cang eao cua cac nudc XHCN, cac chinh phu va nhan dan yen chudng boa binh tren the gidi. Nghi quyet Bd Chinh tri Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang thang 4.1969 mdt lan nira khang dinh: "Tien cdng ngogi giao Id mpi mat Iran lien cdng quan trong vd cd y nghia chien luge lite ndy. Nd cd nhiem vu phdt huy ihi; thdng vd the chu dpng cua ta, lien cdng mot '' Van kien vi Thuy Dien ndm 1968. tr.264. " Ban Chi dao tong ket chien tranh true thuoc Bo Chinh tri; Tong kit cuoc khdng chien chong My cini nuoc- Thdng loi vd bdi hoc. Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, HaNoi. 1995,tr.256-257. Hoc thuyet Nichxon duoc van dung cu the trong nhung chien luoc chien tranh d tirng nudc. 0 Viet Nam, dd la chien luoc "Viet Nam hod chien tranh": a Lao la "Ldo hod chien tranh": d Campuehia la "Khome hod chien tranh" va tren loan tDong Duong la "Dong Duong hod chien tranh ". 64 NGHIEN CCrU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°03 (126) 2011 ke dich dang thdi bgi. bi dpng ve moi mdt vd phai xudng ihang " . Thyc hien chu trirong nay, phdi hgp vdi cude dau tranh tren ban dam phan Pari, Dang, Qudc hdi, Chinh phu Viet Nam ra sire tang cudng cac hoat ddng qudc te. Ket qua la, ke tir nam 1965 den 1970, Chinh phu Viet Nam Dan chu cdng hoa da dat hoac nang quan he ngoai giao len vdi 18 qudc gia. Den nam 1970. sd doan dai bieu Mat tran Dan tdc Giai phdng mien Nam Viet Nam va Chinh phii Cach mang Lam thdi Cdng boa mien Nam Viet Nam dugc mdi tham cac nude tren the gidi len tdi gan 120 lugt; da cd 10 Uy ban Qudc te doan ket vdi Viet Nam, hon 100 Uy ban Qudc te doan ket vdi Viet Nam d tirng nudc, ban 20 Uy ban Dieu tra va Td cao tdi ac cua de qudc My tai Viet Nam dugc thanh lap. Ciing tir day, "Viet Nam dd trd ihdnh hien ihdn cua mpt su nghiep qudc te mdi vd nd tugng tneng cho mpt phong trdo the gidi rpng lan vd nhieu mat vdi mpt li tudng trong sdng md hdng trieu, hdng trieu khdng ke xiel nhdn ddn da huong icng vd tap hgp quanh no" . Ddi vdi Thuy Dien. khang dinh sir img hd toan dien ddi vdi cude khang chien cua nhan dan Viet Nam, thang 6.1970, Chinh Bd Qudc phdng. Vien Lich sir quan sir Viet Nam: Lich sir khdng chien chong My. cim nuoc (195-1- 1975). tcip ll. Thdng My tren chien trudng ba nuoc Dong Duong. Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia. Ha Noi, 2003, tr.I96. Site mgnh chien thdng cua cuoc khdng chien chong My. cim nudc, Nxb Khoa hoc xa hdi. Ha Noi, 1985, ti 288. phii Thuy Dien lap Dai sii- quan d Ha Ndi. va den thang 7 ciing nam, Viet Nam lap Dai sir quan d Stockholm. Day la dau mdc dac biet quan trpng trong quan he Viet Nam - Thuy Dien, khang dinh tinh doan ket khdng gi la} ehuyen dugc ciia Chinh phu \'a nhan dan hai nude trong nhirng nam khang chien gian khd. Khdng nhirng vay. trong thdi diem cude dam phan tren ban Hdi nghi Pari dang dien ra vd ciing gay go, phire tap, Thuy Dien da len tieng manh me img hd Viet Nam. Thang 2/1972, Dang Xa hdi Dan chii Thuy Dien da neu sang kien ra Tuyen bd chung ciia tat ca nam Dang tai Qudc hdi, ddi My cham dirt nem bom va ki Hiep dinh Pari. Ban tu}en bd thu dugc 3,5 trieu chir ki ung hd cua nhan dan Thuy Dien '. Sau thang lgi tren mat tran dau tranh ngoai giao, dugc sy giiip dd tich eye cua phia Thuy Dien, ngay 29/3/1973. tai thu dd Stockholm da dien ra Hdi nghi qudc te doan ket vdi nhan dan Viet Nam. ddi My, nguy quyen Sai Gdn thi hanh nghiem chmh va triet de Hiep dinh Pari ve Viet Nam. Tiep dd, ngay 19/1/1974, nhdm Mat Irctn Ddn tpc Gidi phdng \a nhdm Triet hoc Tre phdi hpp vdi nhieu td chirc khac d Thuy Dien da td chirc mdt cude hdi thao Idn vdi 500 ngudi tham dy tai Stockholm nhan mdt nam ki ket Hiep dinh Pari ve Viet Nam. Cude hdi thao thdng qua Nghi quyet len an chinh quydn Sai '- Ngay 27/1/1973, khdng cdn con dudng nao khac, dl qudc My budc phai ki Hiep dinh Pari ve chSm diit chiln tranh, lap lai hoa binh d Viet Nam. Jitiiij ^fjieu odi eupe hhdnif ehien bS Gdn vi pham Hiep dinh Pari; ddi phai tra ty do nga} cho 20 \ an tii chinh tri dang bi giam giir a mien Nam Viet Nam. ddi My phai tdn trpng mpi dieu khoan cua Hiep dinh Pari, cham dirt can thiep \-ao midn Nam Viet Nam Vao nhirng nam cudi cude khang chien, de tranh thu sy ung bd tich circ cua Chinh phu \-a nhan dan Ihuy Dien cho Viet Nam, Thu tudng Pham Van Ddng da dan dau doan dai bieu cap cao Viet Nam sang tham Thuy Dien. Trong budi chieu dai chao mirng Doan tai thil dd Stockholm ngay 9/4/1974, Thii tudng Olof Palme phat bieu: "Thuy Dien ung hp nhicng de nghi do Chinh phii Cdch mgng Liim ihdi Cpng hod mien Nam J lei Nam viea duct ra. Nhicng de nghi do lao ra mpi ea sa vimg chdc de thi hdnh cdc dii'ii khoan cita Hiep dinh Pari ve Viet Nam". Thii tudng Olof Palme bay lo Idng kham phuc cua Chinh phii va nhan dan Thuy Dien ddi vdi nhan dan Viet Nam. "mpt ddn Ipc. bdng long dimg cam vd su kien cudng cua minh, dd ddn dcil ca mpi ihe gidi lien len tren eon diedng cua luong Idm chinh tri". Cam ta tam long cua Chinh phii va nhan dan Thuy Dien danh cho nhan dan Viet Nam, Thii tudng Pbam Van Ddng ndi: " Thay mgi nhdn ddn I fit Nam vd the theo ldng mong mudn cao ca md Chu lich Hd Chi Minh cua chiing Idi dd bdy lo trong "Di chiic" cua Ngudi. tdi xin cam an Chinh phu Hodng gia Thuy Dien. cdc td chiec chinh Iri. Ion gido. qudn chimg vd cd nhdn i\'gdi Thu ludng. Cam an ve Idl ca nhicng gi md cdc hgn dd ldm di ung hd cuoc khdng chien chdng My. ciru nirdc cua cluing Idi. cam an Idl ca nhicng gi md cdc hgn clung tiep tuc ldm de ung hd cuoc ddu tranh ciici chimg ldi ddi ihi hdnh Irici de Ilicp dinh Pari vd xdy dieng lgi ddi nudc cluing Idi. Chimg tdi ddnh gid cao gid Iri vd loan hd y nghia cua sic ung hp quy hdu net) Du ludn Viet Nam hoan nghenh vdi long biet on inch quyet dinh cua Thuy Diisn nhdm giuj) dd \ 'iei Nam hdn gdn lui vet thuong chien Iranh vd gdp phdn phdt trien nen kinh li cua minh " "\ Sau chuyen tham nay, phong trao dau tranh ddi chinh qu}-en My nghiem chmh thi hanh Hiep dinh Pari ve Viet Nam tiep tuc la cbii de ndng bdng trong mpi boat ddng cua xa hdi Thuy Dien. Ngay 14/12/1974, tai Stockholm, Thii tudng Olof Palme \'a nhirng ngudi lanh dao Dang Cdng san \'a mot sd dang canh ta khae da ra mdt Thdng cdo chung td cao be lit Nguyen Van Thieu phii hoai Hiep dinh Pari. Sau khi nhan manh rang che dp Sai Gdn va nhirng ngudi ung hd hp phai chiu trach nhiem ve tinh hinh hien nay o- mien Nam Viet Nam. Thdng cdo chung ddi My - Thieu nghiem chinh thi hanh Hiep dinh Pari, lap lai boa binh d mien Nam Viet Nam tren co sd tdn trpng dpc lap \a chu quN'cn ciia nhan dan mien Nam Viet Nam, va cho biet Thuy Dien se td chirc nipt cude bieu tinh quan chiing rdng Idn vao ngay 27/1/1975. nhan ki niem hai nam nga}' ki Hiep dinh Pari Bao Nhdn ddn cac ngay 10. 11. 12 thang 4 nam 1974. 66 NGHIEN COU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°03 (126/011 de ung hd nhan dan Viet Nam. v.v Tinh cam ma Chinh phu \a nhan dan Thuy Dien danh cho nhan dan Viet Nam la su cd \ii. ddng \ien to Idn giiip nhan dan Viet Nam tien len hoan thanh sy nghiep giai phdng mien Nam. thdng nhat Td qudc. Nam thang di qua. ngam suy lai su ung hd. giiip dd cua Fbuy Dien ddi vdi cude khang chien chdng My. ciiu nudc eua dan tdc Viet Nam, Thu tudng Olof Palnie'^ de lai cho ehimg ta nhieu tinh cam sau dam. Olof Palme sinh nam 1937, xuat than trong nipt gia dinh tri thirc ndi tieng. Nam 1949. sau khi tdt nghiep dai hpc o My. dng trd \-e Thuy Dien hpc tiep nganh luat tai Stockholm va nhanh chdng tro thanh mdt thii ITnh khi tham gia cac boat ddng chinh tri trong Hdi Lien hiep sinh xien Qudc gia Thuy Dien (SIV). Nam 1957. Olof Palme dupc bau lam dai bieu Qudc hdi Thuy Dien cua Dang Xa hdi Dan chu. Ke tir khi tro thanh Nghi sT Qudc hdi. Olof Palme dac biet quan tam den cude chien tranh Viet Nam. Thdng qua cac phuang tien khac nhau. dng thudng xu} en theo ddi \'a cd nhirng hanh ddng ung hd tich eye. Nam 1965, khi de qudc My tien hanh chien luge "chien tranh cite hp " d mien Nam \-a md rdng cude chien tranh danh pha mien Bac '•" Olof PaliTie tirng lanh dao Dang Dan chu Xa hdi Thuy Dien tir nam 1969 tdi ngay bi am sat 28/2/1986. Tirng hai Ign lam Thu tudng: lan thir nhat tii- 1969 den 1976: \kn thu hai tir 1982 din 1986. Vdi nhimg gi lam duoc, Olof Palme dugc xem la mot trong nhung neudi Thu\ Dien ndi tieng nhat the ki XX. Viet Nam. Olof Palme cimg nhirng nh;i lanh dao Thuy Dien da cd nhieu cude ban luan cdng khai vd vin dd Viet Nam. Thau hieu noi khd ma nhan dan Viet Nam phai chiu dyng trong cude chien. phat bieu tai Dgi Hpi Dang Xd hpi - Thien Chua gido tai Ga\ Ic ngay 30/7/1965. Olof Palme ndi: "Tdi khdng hiit lieu ngudi ndng ddn Irong cdc xdm long cua Viet Nam. ddt nudc md gdn day Idi ludn de cap, cd gidc ma ndo ve lucrng lai hay khdng? Ngudi la cd cam gidc ve su liiyei vong. cam chiu. mdng lung vd thdi vong trong cupe ddu tranh gianh quyen luc chinh tri dang dnh hieong den cupe sdng hdng ngd)' cua ho. Neu thuc sic hg cd mgt gidc mcr cho ticang lai, cd le do se Id mpt gidc ma hel siec don gian: hod binh. khdng ddi khd vd ton trong nhdn phctm " ^. , \ Vdi tam chan tinh do, cho dii dang nam giii- nhieu chuc vu quan trpng trong Chinh phii, nhung Olof Palme ludn cd tu tuong va hanh ddng manh me iing bd cude khang chien chdng My cua Viet Nam. Ngay 21/2/1968. tren cuang vi la Bd truong Giao diic, dng eiing Dai sir Viet Nam Nguyen Thp Chan dan dau doan bieu tinh rude dude qua cac dudng phd trung tam a thu dd Stockholm de phan ddi chinh quyen My. Bire anh cude tuin hanh ngay sau do dugc dang tren nhieu td bao khip thd gidi va chinh thi.: dat Olof '" Phdt bieu tgi Dgi Hdi Dang .\'d hdi - Thien LIIUCI gido tai Gavie ngay 30/7/1965. I dn kien ve Thuy ijiC^,-, nam 1965. tr.49. 'Jhiiij nt)ieu odi eupe khaiit^ ehien 67 Palme ciing nhu Chinh phii Thuy Dien vao th§ ddi diu vdi nha cim quyen My. Dai sii- My liic dd da gap Thii tudng va Bd trirdng Ngoai giao Thuy Dien de phan ddi. Ba Lisbeth Palme - vg ciia Cd Thii tudng Olof Palme ke lai: "Kissinger dd ndi rdng. chdng loi dd su dung nhicng tic ngic qud mgnh de chi trich My Irong chien Iranh Viet Nam. vd cho rdng ddng le ra chdng tdi khdng nen ldm nhu vgy. Nhicng tdi lgi nghi Id nhieng tie ngic mgnh nhu vgy Id hodn todn cdn thiet. Khdng CO lie ngic ndo du mgnh de cd the so sdnh vdi nhicng gi md My da ldm trong chien Iranh VielNctm"^\ Do khang dinh dugc uy tin ciia minh trudc nhan dan va chinh gidi Thuy Dien, thang 10/1968, Olof Palme chinh thuc trd thanh Thii tudng Thuy Dien. Tir day, sy iing hd, giup dd Viet Nam duge Thii tudng Olof Palme trien khai manh me hon. Ngay 10/1/1969, thy-c hien chii truang ciia Chinh phii Thuy Dien, Ngoai trudng Torsten Nilsson giri dien cho Bp trirdng Ngoai giao Nguyin Duy Trinh thdng bao viec Chinh phu Thuy Dien chinh thirc cdng nhan va de nghi thidt lap quan he ngoai giao, md dai sii quan tai thii dd bai nudc. Do chenh lech mui gid 6 tidng, ngay 11/1/1969, Bd trudng http;//www.sarec.gov. vn/index.php?aption=com__cont ent&task=view&id-97&ltemid=2&lang Ngoai giao Nguyen Duy Trinh nhan duge de nghi ciia Ngoai trudng Thuy Dien va hai nude chinh thirc edng nhan ngoai giao lan nhau. Tir dd, ngay 11/1, tro thanh ngay ki niem thidt lap quan he ngoai giao giiia Viet Nam va Thuy Dien. Ciing tir nam 1969, Chinh phii Thuy Dien chinh thirc vien trg cho Viet Nam (ODA), gdp phan giam bdt sy khd khan ve vat chat cho nhan dan Viet • Nam. Sang nam 1972, sau nhirng that bai lien tiep tren ehien trirdng mien Nam, dac biet, de ep ta nhan nhugng, ki mdt hiep dinh do My dua ra tren ban dam phan Pari, ehinh quyen My da md cude tap kieh bang may bay chien luge B52 vao Ha Ndi, Hai Phdng trong 12 ngay dem eudi nam 1972, gay ra mdt trong nhimg tham canh dau ldng nhat trong lich su loai ngudi. Trudc hanh ddng bao tan dd, ngay 23/12/1972, Thii tudng Olof Palme len an va so sanh cude nem bom nhu tdi ac ciia Hitle trong Dai ehien the gidi thir Hai. Sau ban tuyen bd ciia Olof Palme, quan he giira My va Thuy Dien trd nen cang thang hon, khien My trieu hdi dai sir ve nudc trong 14 thang va khdng chap thuan dai sir mdi ciia Thuy Dien. Tiep dd, trong hai nam 1973 - 1974, My tir ehdi khdi phye quan he cap dai sir vdi Thuy Dien vi chinh sach Viet Nam ciia Chinh phii Thuy Dien. Day la cude 68 NGHIEN COU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°03 (126).2011 khiing hoang ngoai giao nghiem trpng nhat ma Thuy Dien trai qua tir sau Chien tranh the gidi thir Hai. Nhirng ngugc lai, Olof Palme nhan dugc 1.200 hire thu tan thanh, cam on til' My va dugc du luan the gidi danh gia cao. Vdi tit thay nhimg gi lam dugc, Thii tudng Olof Palme da thyc hien dugc vai trd lanh dao ciia minh trong van de Viet Nam. Lap trudng va quan diem ciia dng da tac ddng tich eye, thiic day phong trao chdng chien tranh Viet Nam tai phuang Tay va tdi cac quan diem ciia cac dang xa hdi dan chit tren the gidi. Nhu vay, sy iing hd, giup dd ciia Chinh phii va nhan dan Thuy Dien da de lai nhieu trang dam net trong lich sir cude khang chien chdng My, cii'u nude ciia dan tdc Viet Nam. Chinh tinh chat chinh nghTa eiia cude khang chien da Idi cudn ddng dao mpi tang ldp, giai cap trong xa hdi Thuy Dien tham gia, dac biet la vai trd ciia Chinh phii do Olof Palme lam Thil tudng. Ciing vdi sy giiip dd, img hd ciia nhan dan the gidi, sy img hd, giup dd ciia Thuy Dien la mdt trong nhiing nhan td quan trpng dua cude khang chien chdng My, ciru nudc cua nhan dan Viet Nam di den thang lgi cudi cimg. Hon bet, nd minh chirng dudng ldi lanh dao dung dan ciia Dang Lao ddng Viet Nam trong nhiing thdi doan quan trpng ciia lich sir dan tdc. "Dang la dd ra sice tdng cudng dodn ket qudc le. phdt huy tdi da siec mgnh eua thdi dgi, vd coi dd Id mpt hp phdn hgp thdnh cua dudng ldi chdng My. cieu nude vd dgt hogt dpng ddi ngogi ddu tranh ngogi giao thdnh mpi mat Iran cd ldm quan trong ehien luge, gdp phdn tgo nen sir vicgt Irpi ve the vd lice de nhdn ddn la ddnh thdng ke thil" . Theo ddng chay eiia thdi gian, hien nay tren the gidi da va dang dien ra nhii'ng bien ddng chinh tri to Idn, khd ludng, gay tdn that chua tirng cd cho lire lugng each mang. dem lai lgi the cho cac the lye phan each mang. dat mdi nudc trudc ca hdi va thach thirc mdi. Trong bdi canh dd, bai hpc ve tranh thu sir iing hp, giitp da eita be bgn qudc te, phdi huy sice mgnh thdi dgi trong cude khang chien chdng My, cuu nudc ciia nhan dan ta can dugc nghien cim va van dung mdt each diing dan, sang tao, phii hgp vdi tinh hinh the gidi hien nay, de thyc hien thang lgi ehinh sach ddi ngoai rdng md "Viet Nam mudn Id hgn vdi tdt ed cdc medc trong cpng ddng the gidi", nham phye vy tich circ cho cdng cude xay dyng va bao ve Td qudc theo dudng Idi ddi mdi cua Dang ta. i i'ti'i-' , •'!! irl:yn ;;.• • •• , .ij;j;! u-,i\ :iii • .•• ur-up " Ban Chi dao tdng kit chien tranh true IIUK c Bd Chinh tri: Tdng kit cuoc khdng chien chong Mc cim nuac - Thdng loi vd bdi hoc, Nxb CTQG, M.; vol 1995, tr.247-248. . len vdi 18 qudc gia. Den nam 1970. sd doan dai bieu Mat tran Dan tdc Giai phdng mien Nam Viet Nam va Chinh phii Cach mang Lam thdi Cdng boa mien Nam Viet Nam dugc mdi tham cac nude. Viet Nam va Thuy Dien. Ciing tir nam 1969, Chinh phii Thuy Dien chinh thirc vien trg cho Viet Nam (ODA), gdp phan giam bdt sy khd khan ve vat chat cho nhan dan Viet • Nam. Sang nam 1972,. ehien tranh Viet Nam, doan ket img hd Viet Nam vdi ten gpi phong trdo Viet Nam tii'ng budc dugc hinh thanh, phat trien tir ty phat den cd td ' Thuy Diin la nudc nam a Bac Au,