Nhóm 8 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 1 - Abandon: Ngừng làm gì ñó They abandoned the match because of rain. She abandoned hope of any reconciliation. • abandoned • abandonment Accompany: ði cùng, ñi theo, hộ tống We accompanied her back to her hotel. His wife accompanied him on the trip. I must ask you to accompany me to the police station. • accompaniment • unaccompanied Accumulation: (~amass, build up) Sự tích luỹ, sự tích tụ, sự góp nhặt Debts began to accumulate.: Các khoản nợ bắt ñầu tích lũy I seem to have accumulated a lot of books. Dust and dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularly • accumulate Ambiguous: ða nghĩa (mơ hồ) An ambiguous statement • ambiguity • ambiguously • unambiguous • unambiguously Appendix: Phụ lục (ruột thừa) Full details are given in Appendix 3. (He had to have his appendix out (= removed)) • append Appreciate: Hiểu rõ, nhận thức ñúng (các vấn ñề, tình huống) I appreciate that it is a difficult decision for you to make. We didn't fully appreciate that he was seriously ill. • appreciable • appreciably • appreciation • unappreciated Nhóm 8 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 2 - Arbitrary: Chuyên quyền, ñộc ñoán, tuỳ ý, tự ý The choice of players for the team seemed completely arbitrary. He makes unpredictable, arbitrary decisions. • arbitrarily • arbitrariness Automate: Tự ñộng hóa The entire manufacturing process has been automated. The factory is now fully automated. • automatic • automatically • automation Bias: Sự thiên vị, thành kiến Some institutions still have a strong bias against women. (một số tổ chức…) Employers must consider all candidates impartially and without bias. • biased Chart: ðồ thị, biểu ñồ A weather chart / a sales chart • uncharted Clarify: Làm rõ I hope this clarifies my position. The law on drugs needs to be clarified. Talking to someone has helped clarify my feelings. • clarification • clarity Commodity: Hàng hóa Rice, flour and other basic commodities A drop in commodity prices Crude oil is the world's most important commodity. Complement: (n,v) Bổ sung, bổ trợ This wine is the perfect complement to the meal. The excellent menu is complemented by a good wine list. The team needs players who complement each other. • complementary Nhóm 8 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 3 - Conform: (~comply) Theo, làm theo, tuân theo He refused to conform to the local customs. The building does not conform with safety regulations. • conformability • conformable • conformance • conformation • conformist • conformity • nonconformism • Nonconformist • nonconformist • nonconformity Contemporary: Cùng thời, hiện tại He was contemporary with the dramatist Congreve. We have no contemporary account of the battle (= written near the time that it happened). Contradiction: Sự mâu thuẫn, sự trái lại There is a clear contradiction between what she says and what she does. There is a contradiction between the two sets of figures. His public speeches are in direct contradiction to his personal lifestyle. • contradict • contradictory Crucial: (~critical, essential) Tối quan trọng, chính yếu, quyết ñịnh Her work has been crucial to the project's success. The next few weeks are going to be crucial. Winning this contract is crucial to the success of the company. He wasn't there at the crucial moment (= when he was needed most). • crucially Currency: Tiền tệ Trading in foreign currencies A single European currency You'll need some cash in local currency but you can also use your credit card. Nhóm 8 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 4 - Denote: (~indicate): Biểu thị, biểu lộ, chứng tỏ, chỉ rõ A very high temperature often denotes a serious illness. The colour red is used to denote passion or danger. • denotation • denotational Detect: Khám phá ra, phát hiện ra This special camera can detect bodies by their heat. I thought I detected a smile in his eyes. The tests are designed to detect the disease early. • detectable • detection • detective • detector Deviation: Sự lệch lạc, sự chênh (sự lạc lối, sự xa rời) Sexual deviation A deviation from the plan Modern examples of this type of weaving showed little deviation from traditional patterns. • deviate Displace: (~replace ) Thay thế, (cho ra rìa) Many of these workers will be displaced by modern technology. Gradually (Dần dần) factory workers have been displaced by machines. (Around 10000 people have been displaced by the fighting) • displacement Dramatic: Thình lình, ñột ngột gây bất ngờ, ngạc nhiên A dramatic change/improvement The announcement had a dramatic effect on house prices. • drama • dramatically • dramatist • dramatization • dramatize Nhóm 8 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 5 - Eventually: (after all) Sau cùng, cuối cùng We all hope that an agreement can be reached eventually. Our flight eventually left five hours late. She hopes to get a job on the local newspaper and eventually work for ‘The Times’. • eventual • eventuality Exhibit: Trưng bày She's exhibiting her roses at the local flower show. Only one painting was exhibited in the artist's lifetime. He exhibits regularly in local art galleries. • exhibition Exploit: Khai thác, khai phá, sử dụng một cách hiệu qủa (lạm dụng, bóc lột) She fully exploits the humour of her role in the play. Teachers should be exploiting computers in education. • exploitation • exploiter Fluctuate: (~vary) Sự biến ñộng, thay ñổi Temperatures can fluctuate by as much as 10 degrees. My weight fluctuated wildly depending on how much I ate. My mood seems to fluctuate from day to day. (tâm trạng tôi…) The rate of inflation has been fluctuating around 4% for some time. During the crisis, oil prices fluctuated between $20 and $40 a barrel. (Trong thời khủng hoảng…) • fluctuation Guideline: Nguyên tắc chỉ ñạo, ñường lối chỉ ñạo (official) The government has drawn up guidelines on the treatment of the mentally ill. The EU has issued guidelines on appropriate levels of pay for part-time manual workers. Highlight: Làm nổi bật, nêu bật, nhấn mạnh (không phải highlight bằng mực) The report highlights the major problems facing society today. The report highlights the need for stricter regulations. Nhóm 8 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 6 - Implicit: Tiềm ẩn, tiềm tàng, ngầm We interpreted his silence as implicit agreement. Implicit in his speech was the assumption that they were guilty. • implicitly Induce (cause) Gây ra, ñem lại Drugs which induce sleep • induction Inevitable:(~ unavoidable ) Không thể tránh khỏi, chắc chắn xảy ra, tất yếu It was inevitable that his crime would be discovered. A rise in the interest rates seems inevitable. (Sự tăng lãi suất…) • inevitably Infrastructure: Cơ sở hạ tầng Infrastructural development The war has badly damaged the country's infrastructure. • infrastructural Inspection: Sự thanh tra, kiểm tra (official) (=surveyor) Fire officers carried out an inspection of the building. The head went on a tour of inspection of all the classrooms. • inspect • inspector Intense: Nỗ lực, quyết liệt. It was a period of intense activity. Intense competition (Cường ñộ cạnh tranh) • intensely • intensification • intensify • intensity • intensive • intensively Nhóm 8 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 7 - Manipulate: Vận dụng bằng tay, thao tác, ñiều khiển She knows how to manipulate the press. They managed to manipulate us into agreeing to help. As a politician, he knows how to manipulate public opinion. (Là một chính trị gia…) • manipulation • manipulative Minimise: (~minimize; >< maximize) Giảm ñến mức tối thiểu, tối thiểu hóa Airport staff are trying to minimize the inconvenience caused to passengers Costs were minimized by using plastic instead of leather. He always tried to minimize his own faults, while exaggerating those of others. (trong khi phóng ñại…) • minimization Nuclear: (thuộc) Hạt nhân A nuclear power station The nuclear industry Offset: Bù ñắp (làm cân bằng) What expenses can you offset against tax? Prices have risen in order to offset the increased cost of materials. (Giá tăng ñể bù ñắp chi phí nguyên liệu…) He keeps his petrol receipts because petrol is one of the expenses that he can offset against tax (= can show to the government as being a business cost, and so not pay tax). Paragraph: ðoạn văn Write a paragraph on each of the topics given below. • paragraphing Plus: Cộng với, thêm vào Two plus five is seven. Membership is 350 dollars per year plus tax. The cost is £22, plus £1 for postage. Practitioner: Học viên (thầy thuốc ñang hành nghề; luật sư ñang hành nghề) Nhóm 8 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 8 - Predominantly: Phần lớn, chủ yếu A predominantly Asian community (Cộng ñồng chủ yếu Châu Á) She works in a predominantly male environment. (Làm trong môi trường chủ yếu là nam giới) • predominance • predominant • predominate • predominately Prospect: Triển vọng, hi vọng (trong tương lai), khả năng Is there any prospect of the weather improving? He's hoping the course will improve his career prospects. What are the prospects of promotion in this job? • prospective Radical: Cấp tiến, tiên tiến Radical ideas: Ý tưởng cấp tiến Radical proposals: ðề xuất cấp tiến • radically Random: Ngẫu nhiên You don't want some random dude telling you how to live your life. A random selection • randomly • randomness Reinforce: Củng cố, kiên cố thêm To reinforce a view/feeling Success in the talks will reinforce his reputation as an international statesman. (Chính khách quốc tế) • reinforcement Restore: Khôi phục, hoàn lại, tu bổ The painting was restored to its rightful owner. Three wins in a row helped restore the team's confidence. We hope to restore the garden to its former glory (= make it as beautiful as it used to be). • restoration Nhóm 8 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 9 - Revise: Sửa ñổi, xem xét lại A revised edition of the book I can see I will have to revise my opinions of his abilities now. We may have to revise this figure upwards. • revision Schedule: Lịch trình, thời hạn I have a very busy schedule today. Will the work be completed on schedule (= at the expected time)? The project was finished ahead of schedule (= earlier than planned). Filming began on schedule (= at the planned time). We're working to a tight schedule (= we have a lot of things to do in a short time). • reschedule • rescheduling • scheduler • unscheduled Tense: Căng thẳng The students looked tense as they waited for their exam results. She sounded tense and angry. • tensely • tenseness • tension Terminate: Chấm dứt, kết thúc His contract has been terminated. Your contract of employment terminates in December. The agreement was terminated immediately. To end a journey/trip: This train terminates at London Victoria. • terminal • terminally • termination Theme: ðề tài, chủ ñề North American literature is the main theme of this year's festival. The naked male figure was always the central theme of Greek art. The theme of loss runs through most of his novels. • thematic • thematically Nhóm 8 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 10 - Thereby: Do ñó, vì lí do ñó The new dam will improve the water supply and thereby reduce hunger and disease. Regular exercise strengthens the heart, thereby reducing the risk of heart attack. (tend to = có xu hướng) Uniform: ðồng dạng, cùng kiểu To keep at a uniform temperature: giữ ở một nhiệt ñộ không ñổi Uniform movement: chuyển ñộng ñều Of uniform length: cùng một chiều dài như nhau • uniformity • uniformly Vehicle: Phương tiện Are you the driver of this vehicle? Art may be used as a vehicle for propaganda. (tuyên truyền) Via: ði qua, theo ñường To go to England via Gibraltar We flew home via Dubai. The train to Utrecht goes via Amsterdam. Virtual: Gần như hoàn toàn He married a virtual stranger. virtual monopoly: Gần như ñộc quyền • virtually Visual: (thuộc) thị giác I have a very good visual memory. The photographs she takes are a visual record of her travels. The film has some powerful visual effects. • visualization • visualize • visually Widespread: Phổ biến, rộng rãi A widespread problem The plan received widespread support throughout the country. (throughout: Khắp, suốt) . Practitioner: Học viên (thầy thuốc ñang hành nghề; luật sư ñang hành nghề) Nhóm 8 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 8 - Predominantly: Phần lớn, chủ yếu A predominantly Asian community. that he was seriously ill. • appreciable • appreciably • appreciation • unappreciated Nhóm 8 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 2 - Arbitrary: Chuyên quyền, ñộc ñoán, tuỳ ý, tự. by a good wine list. The team needs players who complement each other. • complementary Nhóm 8 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 3 - Conform: (~comply) Theo, làm theo, tuân theo