Nhóm 3 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 1 - Alternative: Sự lựa chọn You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly; those are the two alternatives • alternatively Circumstance: Hoàn cảnh, trường hợp, tình huống We were simply thrown together by circumstance on the long journey. Comment: Lời nhận xét, lời bình She made helpful comments on my work. • commentary • commentator Compensate: Bồi thường Her lawyers say she should be compensated for the suffering she had been caused. • compensation • compensatory Component: Thành phần Key components of the government's plan are… Trust is a vital component in any relationship. (quan trọng…) Consent: (permission, agreement) Sự ñồng í He is charged with taking a car without the owner's consent. • consensus • consent Considerable: (~significant)ðáng kể, lớn lao (amount, size, importance, etc.) The project wasted a considerable amount of time and money The damage has been considerable . Considerable progress has been made in finding a cure for the disease. • considerably Constant: Thường xuyên (kiên trì, chung thủy) Babies need constant attention This entrance is in constant use. She's in constant pain. • constancy • constantly • inconstancy • inconstant Nhóm 3 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 2 - Constrain: Bắt ép She felt constrained from continuing by the threat of losing her job. To constrain someone to do something: ép buộc ai làm việc gì Regulations that constrain industry I'm constrained by decisions made in the past. The evidence was so compelling that he felt constrained to accept it. The company said that it was constrained to raise prices. • constraint • unconstrained Contribute: ðóng góp, góp phần We contributed £5000 to the earthquake fund. • contribution • contributor Conventional: Tính truyền thống It's not a hotel, in the conventional sense, but rather a whole village turned into a hotel. • convene • convention • conventionality • conventionally • unconventional • unconventionality • unconventionally Coordinate: Sự phối hợp, hợp tác A pamphlet produced by the government in coordination with (= working together with) the Sports Council • coordination • coordinator Core: Nhân, lõi, nòng cốt Concern for the environment is at the core of our policies. Corporate: (thuộc) tổ chức corporate finance/planning/strategy The law applies to both individuals and corporate bodies. • corporation Nhóm 3 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 3 - Corresponding: Tương ứng, ñối với A change in the money supply brings a corresponding change in expenditure. Profits have risen by 15 per cent compared with the corresponding period last year. • correspond • correspondence • correspondingly Criteria: Tiêu chuẩn What criteria are used for assessing a student's ability? Deduce: (~infer )Suy luận, suy diễn From the contents of his shopping basket, I deduced that he was single. We can deduce a lot from what people choose to buy. • deducible • deduction Demonstrate: Chứng minh, giải thích (show) Let me demonstrate to you some of the difficulties we are facing. The theories were demonstrated to be false. These problems demonstrate the importance of planning. She demonstrated how to use the new software. • demo • demonstrable • demonstrably • demonstrate • demonstration • demonstrative • demonstratively • demonstrator Document: Tư liệu (in trên giấy) • documentation Dominant: Mạnh nhất, quan trọng nhất, ñáng lưu í nhất The dominant feature of the room was the large fireplace. • dominance • dominate • domination Nhóm 3 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 4 - Emphasis: (~stress ) Tầm quan trọng The emphasis is very much on learning the spoken language. Schools are starting to place/put greater emphasis on passing exams. To put/lay/place emphasis on something We provide all types of information, with an emphasis on legal advice. • emphasize • emphatic • emphatically Ensure: Bảo ñảm, bảo hiểm Victory ensured them a place in the final. Exclude: Ngăn chặn, loại trừ Try excluding fat from your diet. Buses run every hour, Sundays excluded. Women are still excluded from the club. • excluding • exclusion • exclusionary • exclusive • exclusively • exclusiveness Framework: Khuôn khổ We are currently exploring new approaches within existing frameworks of practice and thinking Fund: Quỹ • funder • funding Illustrate: Minh họa An illustrated children's book His lecture was illustrated with photos taken during the expedition. This new discovery illustrates how little we know about early human history. • illustration • illustrative Nhóm 3 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 5 - Immigrate: Nhập cư About 6.6 million people immigrated to the United States in the 1970s. • immigrant • immigration • immigration control Imply: Ngụ í Are you implying (that) I am wrong? imply something His silence seemed to imply agreement. It was implied that we were at fault. An implied criticism (ngụ í chỉ trích) Initial: ðầu tiên, ban ñầu In the initial stages (= at the beginning) of the campaig My initial reaction was to decline the offer. Initially, the system worked well. • initially Instance: Ví dụ In most instances, there will be no need for further treatment. Many teenagers earn money, for instance by babysitting or cleaning cars. The report highlights a number of instances of injustice. Interaction: Giao tiếp Our work involves a lot of interaction with the customers. The only thing he interacts with is his computer! Teachers have a limited amount of time to interact with each child. • interact • interactive • interactively • interactivity Justification: Biện minh I can see no possible justification for any further tax increases. There's no justification for treating her so badly. • justifiable • justifiably • justified • justify • unjustified Nhóm 3 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 6 - Layer: Sắp lớp The potatoes are layered with onion. Link: Mắt xích, sự kết nối Police suspect there may be a link between the two murders. • linkage Locate: (~site) Tọa lạc, ñặt vị trí be located in/near/on, etc They located their headquarters in Swindon. • located • location • relocate • relocation Maximise: (~maximase) Tối ña hóa • max • maximization • maximum Minor: Nhỏ, không quan trọng (>< large) Women played a relatively minor role in the organization. • minority Negative (~ bad ~ harmful) Xấu, gây hại Terrorist threats have had a very negative impact on tourism. The crisis had a negative effect on trade. The whole experience was definitely more positive than negative. • negate • negatively Outcome: Kết luận, kết quả We are waiting to hear the final outcome of the negotiations. We are confident of a successful outcome. Partnership: Quan hệ ñồng nghiệp He developed his own program in partnership with an American expert. • partner Nhóm 3 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 7 - Philosophy: Triết học • philosopher • philosophic • philosophical • philosophically • philosophize • philosophizing Physical: Thể chất (adj) He tends to avoid all physical contact. • physically Proportion: Phần, tỉ lệ Water covers a large proportion of the earth's surface. The proportion of regular smokers increases with age. A higher proportion of Americans go on to higher education than is the case in Britain. Children make up a large proportion of the world's population. • proportional • proportionally • proportionate • proportionately • disproportion • disproportionate • disproportionately Published: Xuất bản The first edition was published in 2007. • publisher • publishing • unpublished Reaction: Phản ứng What was his reaction to the news? People can react badly to certain food additives. (…phụ gia thực phẩm) • react • reactionary • reactivate • reactivation Nhóm 3 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 8 - • reactive • reactor = nuclear reactor Registered: ðã ñược ñăng kí The ship was registered in Panama • registration Rely: Tin tưởng, dựa vào (+on, upon) These days we rely heavily on computers to organize / organizing our work. • reliability • reliable • reliably • reliance • reliant • unreliability • unreliable Remove: Dời, di chuyển, ñuổi, xóa He removed his hand from her shoulder. Three children were removed from the school for persistent bad behaviour. • removable • removal Scheme: Âm mưu, í ñồ, kế hoạch A local scheme for recycling newspapers To introduce/operate a scheme to improve links between schools and industry • schematic • schematically Sequence: Sự nối tiếp, sự liên tiếp He described the sequence of events leading up to the robbery. (…vụ cướp) I got my slides mixed up and they appeared out of sequence. • sequencing • sequential • sequentially Sex: Giới tính How can you tell what sex a fish is? • sexism • sexual Nhóm 3 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 9 - • sexuality • sexually Shift: Thay ñổi (tính tình, vị trí, suy nghĩ, bản chất, hình dáng) There has been a dramatic shift in public opinion on this matter. Public attitudes towards marriage have shifted over the past 50 years. Specify: Chỉ rõ, ghi rõ Remember to specify your size when ordering clothes. Forms must be returned by the specified date. • specifiable • unspecified Sufficient: ðủ Allow sufficient time to get there. These reasons are not sufficient to justify the ban. Is £100 sufficient for your expenses? She didn't have sufficient time to answer all the questions. I was sufficiently close to hear what they were saying. • insufficiency • insufficient • insufficiently • sufficiency • sufficiently Task: Nhiệm vụ, phận sự Our first task is to set up a communications system. I was given the task of sorting out all the stuff in the garage Getting hold of this information was no easy task (= was difficult). Technical: (thuộc) kỹ thuật, chuyên môn We offer free technical support for those buying our software. Techniques: Kỹ xảo, phương pháp kỹ thuật, kĩ năng Her technique has improved a lot over the past season. Technology: Kỹ thuật học,công nghệ học The company has invested in the latest technology. • technically • technological • technologically Nhóm 3 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 10 - Valid: Hợp lệ, hợp lí She had valid reasons for not supporting the proposals. The point you make is perfectly valid. A valid argument • invalidate • invalidation • invalidity • validate • validation • validity • validly Volume: Tuyển tập, tổng số lượng, tổng lượng How do you measure the volume of a gas This work has grown in volume recently. . applies to both individuals and corporate bodies. • corporation Nhóm 3 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 3 - Corresponding: Tương ứng, ñối với A change in the money supply brings. use. She's in constant pain. • constancy • constantly • inconstancy • inconstant Nhóm 3 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 2 - Constrain: Bắt ép She felt constrained from. Nhóm 3 ðinh Nho Hiệp – ddinhnhohiep@gmail.com - 1 - Alternative: Sự lựa chọn You can be paid in