Sau vài tháng trải nghiệm công sở 8 tiếngngày, Ý Nhi (23 tuổi, Đà Nẵng) nhanh chóng cảm thấy không phù hợp. Cô cảm thấy công việc ngột ngạt, thiếu tự do mà thu nhập cũng không cao trong khi đó cô lại muốn làm việc mình thích, có thu nhập tốt và có cơ hội phát triển năng lực cốt lõi.
UNIT 4: LIFE IN THE PAST A TỪ VỰNG: act out (v) /ỉkt aʊt/: đóng vai, diễn arctic (adj) /ˈɑːktɪk/: (thuộc về) Bắc cực bare-footed (adj) /beə(r)-fʊtɪd/: chân đất behave (v) (+oneself) /bɪˈheɪv/: ngoan, biết cư xử dogsled (n) /ˈdɒɡsled/: xe chó kéo domed (adj) /dəʊmd/: hình vịm downtown (adv) /ˌdaʊnˈtaʊn/: vào trung tâm thành phố eat out (v) /iːt aʊt/: ăn ngồi entertain (v) /ˌentəˈteɪn/: giải trí 10 event (n) /ɪˈvent/: kiện 11 face to face (adv) /feɪs tʊ feɪs/: trực diện, mặt đối mặt 12 facility (n) /fəˈsɪləti/: phương tiện, thiết bị 13 igloo (n) /ˈɪɡluː/: lều tuyết 14 illiterate (adj) /ɪˈlɪtərət/: thất học 15 loudspeaker (n) /ˌlaʊdˈspiːkə(r)/: loa 16 occasion (n) /əˈkeɪʒn/: dịp 17 pass on (ph.v) /pɑːs ɒn/: truyền lại, kể lại 18 post (v) /pəʊst/: đăng tải 19 snack (n) /snæk/: đồ ăn vặt 20 street vendor (n) /striːt ˈvendə(r)/: người bán hàng rong 21 strict (adj) /strɪkt/: nghiêm khắc 22 treat (v) /triːt/: cư xử B NGỮ PHÁP: I CẤU TRÚC USED TO - INFINITIVE Used to-infinitive” có nghĩa trước thường, từng: được dùng để diễn tả việc thường xảy q khứ khơng cịn Cấu trúc : (+) S+ used to+ V-infnitive (-) S + didn't use to+ V-infinitive (?) Did + S+ use to + V-infinitive? 2. Cách sử dụng Ta sử dụng "used to inf" để diễn tả việc thường xuyên diễn q khứ khơng cịn Ví dụ: - We used to live in a small village but now we live in the city (Trước sống làng nhỏ sổng thành phố.) - I used to drive to work but now I take the bus (Trước thường lái xe làm làm xe buýt.) Cấu trúc dùng để vật có thực trước khơng cịn Ví dụ: There used to be a cinema in the town but now there isn't (Trước có rạp chiếu phim thị trấn khơng cịn nữa) She used to have really long hair but she's had it all cut off (Mái tóc trước cô thực dài cắt ngắn nó.) II WISH (CÂU ƯỚC) Động từ “wish” dùng để diễn tả điều ước, mong ước trái với thực tế Câu ước tại S + wish + (that) + S + V (simple past) Chú ý: Động từ “tobe” chúng ta dùng “were” cho tất ngơi Ví dụ : I wish I had a lot of friends at school. (Tơi ước, tơi có nhiều bạn trường.) He wish he were a pilot. (Anh ước, anh phi công.) Câu ước khứ S + wish + (that) + S + past perfect + PP/ could have + PP Ví dụ: I wish I had gone to the theater with you last night (Tôi ước, đến nhà hát với bạn tối hôm qua.) I wish that we could have been at your house last night (Tôi ước, nhà tối hôm qua.) I wish no child was/ were suffering from hunger (Tôi ước, khơng có đứa trẻ phải chịu đói.) I wish I was/ were playing on the beach (Tôi ước, Tôi chơi bãi biển.) Câu ước tương lai S + wish + (that) + S + could/ would + V S + were + V- ing Ví dụ: We wish that you could come to the party tonight (Chúng tơi ước bạn đến dự tiệc tối hôm qua.) I wish you would stop saying that (Tơi ước, bạn khơng nói điều đó) She wishes that she were coming with us (Cô ước cô đến với chúng tôi.) C BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG: ❶ PHONETICS I Choose the words whose underlined part is pronounced of the others in each group A mind B sympathize C decide A collaboration B particularity C manage A pressure B sentence C membership A encourage B empathise C embarrassed A delighted B continue C medicine A emotion B indecisive C obesity A hanging B belong C singer A behaved B passed C entertained A imagination B average C language 10 A increase B surprise C release 11 A shifts B thinks C joins 12 A busy B basic C person 13 A bags B graphs C lands 14 A rules B shares C arrives 15 A coach B chore C chorus 16 A clap B catch C waving 17 A maximum B jump C summarize 18 A kidding B signal C whistle 19 A cue B cite C course 20 A reason B realize C lead 21 A path B tooth C theme 22 A sound B amount C country 23 A climbing B basket C subway 24 A problem B popular C convenient 25 A rose B house C sound 26 A notebook B hoping C cock 27 A dam B planning C plane 28 A theory B therefore C neither 29 A shoot B mood C poor 30 A dosage B massage C voyage differently from that D possibility D action D repeat D replace D situation D believable D anger D changed D appearance D promise D soups D answer D days D dates D check D handle D abrupt D slight D cable D speak D mother D noun D club D rod D cloud D potato D candle D weather D smooth D carriage II Choose the word whose main stressed syllable is placed differently from that of the other in each group A illiterate B communicate C entertainment D traditional A programme B downtown C postman D behavior A operate B express C emerge D resolve A boundary B concentrate C conflict D comfortable A convinced B collaborate C particular D cognitive A worthwhile B igloo C habit D practice A obese B dogsled C extend D remote A household B suppose C Arctic D diet A transformation B independence C understanding D illiterate 10 A uncontrollable B biological C particularly D seniority 11 A damage B event C behave D surprise 12 A develop B understand C imagine D consider 13 A illiterate B communicate C entertainment D traditional 14 A programme B custom C postman D personality 15 A grandparent B violence C buffalo D importance ❷ MULTIPLE CHOICE I Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences Last night I came home, cooked dinner, and TV A watch B watched C was watching D would watch I rarely eat ice cream now but I it when I was a child A eat B used to eat C would eat D didn’t use to eat I wish I you some money for your rent, but I’m broke myself A can lend B would lend C could lend D will lend Would you like and visit me next summer? A come B coming C to come D came Rick left class early because he a headache A had B used to have C was having D has Sara didn’t hear the phone She A sleeps B slept C used to sleep D was sleeping The Marconi family to the United States thirty years ago A comes B came C has come D was coming I’ve been feeling better since A the doctor has come B the doctor comes C the doctor coming D the doctor came The country now known as Myanmar Burma A used to be called B be called C called D has called 10.“Monica is such a nice person.” “Yes I wish I her more often.” A see B will see C saw D have seen 11.I wish I people with the same interests A meet B can meet C could meet D will meet 12.My mother says she used to a diary when she was young A keep B use C write D preserve 13.The between generations seems to be bigger and bigger than ever A blank B space C gap D distance 14.Our teacher’s is that we set up a project on preservation of our traditional games A offer B suggestion C scheme D order 15.I found the letter in my bag – I to post it A forgot B would forget C was forgetting D had forgotten 16.Does he tell you how he is getting his new colleagues? A on with B on of C away with D out of 17.Unfortunately the new system didn’t our expectations A catch up with B bring about C come across D come up to 18.The doctors say it’ll take him a long time to get the shock A past B above C through D over 19.I wish you stop interrupting me whenever I speak A will B would C could D might 20.The policeman is happy the kids safe and sound now A finding B be found C to find D have found 21.The children were acting the story of the birth of Jesus A out B on C down D at 22.The manager told me to pass the message I had just read A in B to C on D for 23.Stern insisted that she come downtown so that he could explain this to her A face B direct C indirect D face to face 24.Youngsters love to eat from street for the cheap price A vans B vendors C trucks D business 25.Ben a lot in his job but now, since his promotion, he doesn’t A used travel B used to travel C used to traveling D is used to traveling 26.I wish I find the time to more reading A may B will C could D can 27.When I see the kids playing football, I almost wish I their age again A was B am C would be D could be 28.Where before you moved here? A did you use to live B did you used to live C used you to live D you use to live 29.I’ve just found 20 dollars in my pocket! ! A How crazy B That’s right C Thanks a lot D How cool 30.“In the past, marriages used to be arranged by parents.” “ ” A Sure That’s right B I suppose it was C Really? I can’t imagine that D That’s cool! 31.Did you forget your purse purpose so you wouldn’t have to pay? A on B of C in D for 32.He was sentenced to ten years in prison on charges of drug A charging B stealing C trafficking D trading 33.In recent years, there has been thousands of victims of sexual and physical A sentence B crime C abuse D conduct 34.Harrison’s greatest attribute is his ability to work pressure A within B under C in D on 35.My parents always criticize me for not getting good grades at school I wish they put themselves in my A pants B legs C hands D shoes 36.He wondered to tell the news to his parents A why B how C what D which 37.He a bachelor’s degree in computer information systems in 1951 A forced B sent C took D gained 38.“You must come to my party,” she told me A She told me I come to her party B She told me to come her party C She told me I had to come to her party D She told me I came to her party 39.“My life’s got stuck these days I am so depressed and unable to think of anything.” “ ” A You will be tired B Stay stuck there, C Stay calm Everything will be alright D No, thanks 40.“Mom, I’ve got the first rank in class this semester!” “ ” A Well done! B Thank you! C Never mind! D Let’s go! 41 Astronauts _ in their spaceship, but they frequently work outside now A were used to stay B used to stay C were staying D had used to stay 42 People that the earth is round before A were not used to believe B used to believing C would not use to believe D did not use to believe 43 Tuberculosis incurable before A use to be thought B used to be thought C used to think D use to think 44 Formerly babies _ of whooping cough A have died B used to die C would die D both B and C 45 These city girls are used _in the field A to work B used to lie C would like D to working 46 Newton scientific books when he was a boy A used to read B has read C had read D had been reading 47 I am sorry I am not _ fast A used to drive B used to driving C use to drive D use to driving 48 Frank used to work in a small shop He A doesn’t any more B still does C is now D had never done anything else 49 I _ in Jakarta I’ve lived here all my life A am used to living B used to living C use to live D am used to live 50 Jane _ for the telephone company, but now she has a job at the post office A used to working B used to work C is used to working D am used to work ❸ WORD FORMS I Give the correct form of the word given to complete the sentence Asa businessman, he couldn’t imagine real poverty I can never make up stories – I have absolutely no People who are lack the basic reading and writing skills People didn’t pay much attention to appearance a decade ago Overeating is surely the main cause of couples not have the same rights as married couples This approach can help identify common and their causes She appears to actually like the man, which I find (WEALTH) (IMAGINE) (LITERATE) (PHYSIC) (OBESE) (MARRY) (BEHAVE) (CREDIBLE) Today, and loyalty mean nothing in the workplace 10 I found the ending of the novel a bit II Complete the passage by changing the form of the word necessary CHARLIE CHAPLIN During the First World War, at a time when there was lots of (11) in the world, one man did more than anyone else tospread (12) That man was the (13) , Charlie Chaplin Audiences around the world watched his films and each new one caused a lot of (14) Chaplin created the character of the little tramp and people (15) with this poor man Up until then, film comedies had been (16) and very fast Although they were fun and (17) , the audiences became (18) with seeing the same situations Chaplin produced a different kind of comedy It was slower and more (19) His films both made people laugh and touched their (20) Even today, his films are enjoyed by many people of all ages (SENIOR) (BELIEVE) when this is (HATE) (HAPPY) (COMEDY) (EXCITED) (SYMPATHY) (NOISE) (ENERGY) (BORE) (EMOTION) (FEEL) ❹ VERB FORMS I Complete each of the sentences with used to/ didn’t use to + a verb from the box be buy climb play shop swim travel walk watch write In my childhood, there so many high buildings here People with pen, but now they use computers My brother _ football, but an injure stopped him from playing 4.In my grandfather’s youth, people _ by car They rode horses 5.I to school, but two weeks ago I got a bike, so now I ride it every day My sister _ when we go to the beach because she was very much afraid of water 7.Mr Lam television in the morning He did it in the evening David was a good climber in his youth He very high mountains My parents me expensive toys as we were not rich 10 We _in the town market We bought fish, fruit and vegetables II Give the correct form of the following verbs 1.I wish I (live) _ near my school 2.I wish I (know) her address 3.I wish I (be ) _ taller 4 I wish I (meet) _ her now 5.I wish he (not live) _ here 6.I wish I ( be ) _ a doctor when I grow up 7.They wish it ( not rain) _ tomorrow 8.If only we (not have ) _ a test next Tuesday 9.I wish it (be) _ fine on the party next week 10 I wish tomorrow (be) _ a beautiful day III Put the verb info the correct form Andy wished that he (can) think of a way of helping The teacher wish that her students (pay) more attention to the lessons I wish you (not live) so far away I wish Dam Sen Water Park (be) near my house He wishes he (drive) a Lamborghini in Paris I just wish that everything (can) be as it used to be Don’t you ever wish you (have) someone to share your troubles with? I wish I (eat) Spanish food in Barcelona I wish I (know) how to use a computer 10.These seats are very uncomfortable I wish we (travel) first class ❺ CORRECTION I Find ONE mistake in each of the following sentences and correct it By mistake the candidate wrote all her answers on pencil despite the instructions A B C D They’d pulled the registry office out, which then left an open space A B C D A lot of modern art is showing at the exhibition which lasts until next Monday A B C D The new manager wondered if to adopt a new technology from their partner in the UK A B C D If you have a lot of information about the different universities you can make a more A B C informative decision D Based on computer statistics, what is the less greatest profession in the world? A B C D Despite they said construction was completed, there were builders working on the hotel A B C When we arrived D Do you think the Harry Potter films are by far better than the books? A B C D She said that she doesn’t want to see any of them and asked them to go away A B C D 10.Tom managed to convince Mary to make the laundry for him A B C D II Find and correct the mistake Lynn wishes she had a bigger apartment and can buy a car As soon as the alarm clock rang, she woke up and was getting out of bed I haven’t heard from the Maria since a long time What you use to when you felt afraid? Mary was drying the dishes when she was dropping the plates When I introduced Tom to Bob, they were shaking hands When she looked out of the window, she saw some boys and girls play in the yard He let the letter failing onto the floor Today’s children no longer engage with the nature world 10 Alex said he will ask his grandparents about their old days ❻ READING I Read the passage Choose the most suitable word to fill in the blank Designated a UNESCO World Heritage site (1) _ 2003, the remarkable Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park contains the oldest mountains in Asia, formed approximately 400 (2) years ago Riddled with hundreds of cave systems many of extraordinary scale and length - and spectacular (3) _ rivers, Phong Nha is a speleologists’ heaven on the Earth The Phong Nha region is changing fast Son Trach village (population 3000) is the main centre, with an ATM, a growing range (4) _ accommodation and eating options, and improving transport links with other parts of central Vietnam The caves are the region’s absolute highlights, but the above-ground (5) of forest trekking, the area’s war history, and rural mountain biking mean it deserves astay of around three days A by B on C in D from A millions B million C milions D milion A underground B under C submarine D underwater A of B in C on D under A attraction B attractions C seeing D seeings II Read the passage and answer the questions My grandmother is more than ninety years old, which makes her the oldest person in the whole family Despite her old age, her memory is still fresh She always tells us that many things were different when she was young My grandma used to begin her day very early She used to start a day at o’clock while everybody was still in beds She used to all the housework by herself She used to make clothes for her children and as for her outdoor work, she used to raise chickens and sheep She also used to help the males to grow vegetables There didn’t use to be many pastime activities Her hobby used to be listening to the radio In the evening all the family used to sit by the fire in the sitting room where all the family gathered at night to tell tales or discuss family matters as weddings, harvest time or to assign the next day’s work When a member of the family was ill, she used to show him which herbs to use She collected them from the near forest or from the mountain My grandma used to , know so many effective methods to cure illnesses * Questions: How is the memory of the writer’s grandmother? _ What time did she use to start her day? _ What did she use to in her pastimes? _ Where did her family use to sit in the evening? _ What did she usually when a member of the family was ill? _ III Choose the word or phrase that best fits the blank space in the following passage Either boys or girls, usually aged from seven to ten, play the two-person game of “Mandarin’s Box” They draw a rectangle on the ground and (1) it into ten small squares called “rice fields” or “fish ponds” They also draw two additional semi-circular boxes at the two (2) of the rectangle, which are called “mandarin’s boxes” – the game’s name, each person has 25 small pebbles and a bigger stone Each player places the stone in one of the mandarin’s boxes and five small pebbles in each of the other squares Then the game begins The first player takes up the contents of one square onhis or her side of the board, but not a mandarin’s box and distributes the pebbles one by one, (3) with the text square in (4) direction Since each square contains five pebbles at the beginning, the first move will distribute five pebbles to the left or right After the last pebble is distributed, the player takes the contents of the following square and repeats the distribution (5) But if the following square is one of the mandarin’s boxes, the turn ends and passes to the other player If the last pebble falls into a square that precedes one empty square, the player wins all the contents of the square following the empty square and (6) these pebbles from the board However, if there are two or more empty squares in a row, the player (7) his or her turn Once a player has taken pebbles from the board, the turn is (8) to the other player If all five squares on one player’s side of the board are emptied at any time, that player must place one pebble he or she has aside back in each of the five squares so that the game can resume The game (9) until the two mandarin’s boxes both been (10) At the end of the game, the player with more pebbles wins, with each of the large stones counting as ten points A divide B share C separate D leave A aims B ends C small points D stops A start B starting C start D having started A no B all C either D both A action B method C change D process A ends B disappears C leaves D removes A loses B succeeds C fails D wins A gone B made C handed D rewarded A starts B pauses C stops D continues 10.A held B taken C moved D accepted ❼ WRITING I Write sentences beginning I wish I don’t know many people in the town I wish I knew many people in the town It would be nice to be able to fly a plane _ It’s a shame I don’t have a key _ Ann isn’t here and I need to see her _ I don’t like being so short _ Unfortunately, I have to work tomorrow _ Don’t shout all the time It’s so annoying _ I’m sorry I can’t go to the party _ I’d like to get access to the Internet, but I don’t have a computer _ 10.It’s a pity the weather isn’t better today _ II Look at the information about Jane Make sentences with used to and didn’t use to Five years ago Today I’m a hotel receptionist I work in a bookshop I’ve got a lot of friends I don’t know many people I never read newspapers I read newspapers every day I travel a lot I don’t go away much I play volleyball I play badminton I don’t love cooking I like to cook Chinese dishes I wear make-up I wear no make-up at all I don’t drink tea Tea’s great! I like it Jane used to be a hotel receptionist, but now she works in a bookshop _ _ _ _ _ _ _ III Rewrite the following sentences based on the words given 1.My sister and I talked with each other a lot when we were young, but now we don’t → (used) They often visited us at weekends, but they are now too busy to make it → (used) 3.I live in a noisy city and I don’t like that → (wish) I like to fly a kite, but I don’t know where to play it in this crowded city → (wish) It is good for parents and children to have dinner together everyday, but my father always comes home late → (wish) IV Write a paragraph (100-120 words) to compare the life of children in the past with that nowadays You should base on some suggestions below: - What are the similarities and differences in terms of their: + School life + Social life + Entertainment activities + …… - What are the reasons for the differences? _ _ _ =================================================== ANSWER KEYS UNIT ❶ PHONETICS I Choose the words whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others in each group D B D B A C D B D 10 B 11 C 12 A 13 B 14 D 15 C 16 C 17 A 18 D 19 B 20 B 21 D 22 C 23 A 24 C 25 A 26 C 27 C 28 A 29 C 30 B II Choose the word whose main stressed syllable is placed differently from that of the other in each group A B B C D C A B D 10 B 11 D 12 B 13 C 14 B 15 A ❷ MULTIPLE CHOICE I Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences 1.B 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.D 9.A 10.C 11.C 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.D 16.A 17.D 18.D 19.B 20.C 21.A 22.C 23.D 24.B 25.B 26.C 27.A 28.A 29.D 30.C 31.A 32.C 33.C 34.B 35.D 36.B 37.D 38.C 39.C 40.A 41.C 42.D 43.B 44.D 45.D 46.A 47.B 48.A 49.A 50.B ❸ WORD FORMS I Give the correct form of the word given to complete the sentence wealthy imagination illiterate physical obesity Unmarried behaviors incredible seniority 10 unbelievable 11 hatred 12 happiness 13 comedian 14 excitement 15 sympathized 16 noisy 17 energetic 18 bored 19 emotional 20 feelings ❹ VERB FORMS I Complete each of the sentences with used to/ didn’t use to + a verb from the box didn’t use to be didn’t use to swim used to write 7.didn’t use to watch used to play used to climb didn’t use to drive 9.didn’t use to buy 5.used to walk 10 used to shop II Give the correct form of the following verbs lived were didn’t live 7.wouldn’t rain 9.would be knew met were would have 10.would be III Put the verb info the correct form could didn’t live was/ were had knew driving paid were/was could was/ were 10.were eating travelling ❺ CORRECTION I Find ONE mistake in each of the following sentences and correct it C (in) B (down) B (being shown) A (whether) (informed) C A C (far/ much/ a A (didn’t) 10 C (do) (least) (Although) lot) II Find and correct the mistake can→ could were shaking→ shook was getting→ got play → playing since→ for falling→ fall → did natute→ natural was dropping →dropped 10 will → would D ❻ READING I Read the passage Choose the most suitable word to fill in the blank C B A A B II Read the passage and answer the questions Despite her old age, her memory is still fresh She used to start her day at o’clock while everybody else was still in beds There didn’t use to be many pastime activities, so her hobby used to be listening to the radio In the evening, all the family used to sit by the fire in the sitting room where all the family gathered at night When a member of the family was ill, she used to show him which herbs to use III Choose the word or phrase that best fits the blank space in the following passage 1.A D B 7.A B C C D D 10 B ❼ WRITING I Write sentences beginning I wish I wish I could fly a plane I wish I had a key I wish Ann were here I wish I were taller I wish I didn’t have to work tomorrow I wish you didn’t shout all the time It’s so annoying I wish I could go to the party I wish I had a computer to get access to the Internet 10 I wish the weather were better today II Look at the information about Jane below Make sentences with used to and didn’t use to Jane used to have a lot of friends but she doesn’t know many people now She didn’t use to read newspapers but she reads newspapers every day now She used to travel a lot but she doesn’t go away much now She used to play volleyball but now she plays badminton She didn’t use to love cooking but now she likes to cook Chinese dishes She used to wear make – up but now she doesn’t wear make – up at all She didn’t use to drink tea but she likes it now III Rewrite the following sentences based on the words given My sister and I used to talk with each other a lot when we were young They used to visit us at weekends I wish that I didn’t live in a noisy city I wish that I could fly a kite in this crowded city I wish that my father didn’t come home late everyday and we could have dinner together =================================================== ... ( 19) His films both made people laugh and touched their (2 0) Even today, his films are enjoyed by many people of all ages (SENIOR) (BELIEVE) when this is (HATE) (HAPPY) (COMEDY) (EXCITED) (SYMPATHY)... of the following sentences and correct it C (in) B (down) B (being shown) A (whether) (informed) C A C (far/ much/ a A (didn’t) 10 C (do) (least) (Although) lot) II Find and correct the mistake... their causes She appears to actually like the man, which I find (WEALTH) (IMAGINE) (LITERATE) (PHYSIC) (OBESE) (MARRY) (BEHAVE) (CREDIBLE) Today, and loyalty mean nothing in the workplace 10 I