Văn bia phản ánh về các cây cầu cổ của thăng long hà nội

qfi 151 vAN BrA PHAN ANH vt cAc cAv cAu co cul rHANc LoNG - uA Ngr PTIAM THI THUY VINH Tom r&: Thrng Long - Hd Ngi c6 nhtng c6y ciu cti tluo c ghi I4i v6n bia tu rh6 ti' XVt A6n diu th6 ki XX C6c c6y ciu tluo c v6n bia phan 6nh phan lon thuQc c6c huyQn ngoai thdnh ci vi c6c huy€n moi nhip vi He NOi tri theng nim 2008 M$t s6 cdy ciu c6 ti€u bi€u thu0c vtng ngoai vi.Thdng Long tlugc xdy dqng tu gita the ki XVII d0n tl6u th6 kj'XlX, nhu Cdu Gi6y, ciuQuang Bintr (ciu Bing) b[c tr€n s6ng T6, c6u Dich Lu tr€n s6ng Lu vir cdu Do trCn sdng NhuC Bdi vi6t tl€ c4p ddn c6c ciy cdu cd cira ThIng Long (Hd NOi) tluo c phdn 6nh qua vdn bia H6n Ndm Tt khda: Thdng Long, Hi NQi, cdu, ki€u s6ng Td, sdng Lu, s6ng NhuQ Abstract: There are old bridges in Thang Long (Ha Noi nowaday) mentioned in Han Nom inscriptions fiom the l6th to the early 20th centuries These bridges are mainly located in the old suburban districts as well as the districts merged into Hanoi since August 2008 Some well known old bridges in the periphery ofTharg Long were built from the middle of the lTth century to the beginning ofthe t9th century, such as Gi6y bridge and Quang Binh bridge (Bang bridge) across the Td Llch river, Dich Lu bridge on the Lu river and Do bridge on NhuQ river, to name but a few The article studies those bridges bases on their records in Han Nom inscriptions Keryords:Thang Long, Hanoi, bridge, Td river, Lu river, NhuQ river fr la a NOI ngdy lir rung dit k6t hqp nhieu vtng midn dia lj kh6c nhau, tu Thdng Long xua vcri 36 phuong thuQc hai huyQn Vinh Xuong vd Qudng Dric, d6n Hd NQi da c6 12 quin, 17 huyQn vd I thi x5 klr6ng cdn Di6u niy rluo c khing tlinh qua c6c thiic bdn van bia ViQn ViEn D6ng Bric c6 Phep (EFEO) tai Hd NQi thr,rc hicn viri chpc ndm ddu cria thd ky XX vd VNCFIN ti6p tuc thuc hiQn tu cutii th6 k1,xx a6n aiu the L Khdi luqc vi vdn bia ciu ilb cia Hd Theo th6ng k€ cta chring t6i, kho th6c brin vdn khic Hrin N6m, Vi€n Nghi6n cuu Hrin N6m (\TNCHN) tlang luu giit 76 thriLc bdn vdn bia v,i ciu dd (chi nh6t mQt bia vd btin tld) thuOc tlia bdn Hd NOi Vnn bia tld ghi l4i qu:i trinh xdy dyng, trung tu, tl6ng g6p cdng suc kinh phi dd hinh thdnh n6n ciic cdy ciu phuc vu diin sinh D6 c6 rhd li ciu tt6 hoic cAu 96 dugc xAy dpg, trung tu tu dau th6 ki xvl diin nua ddu thii ky xx Voi hon UOn ttrii ky dd qua vdi nhidu su x6 dich thay d6i cua lich st, nhirng chi6c ciu c6 cl6 hiu nhu ki6ng cdn nta, nhtmg may ld th6ng tin vd cdu dl ttu-o c ghi t4i tr€n bia d6 dit canh cric cdy cdu moi xiy dgng cho d6n dAu ttrti k1,xx rhi c6 nhitiu bia dri cl6 vin cdn duoc tl6t t4i ch5 cfr, di ciu c6 ki xxr NQi qua danh mqtc th6ng kA Trong kho thrlc b6n vdn khic Hrin N6m cua VNCHN hiQn c6 gin 8.000 don vi th6c bdn vln khic Hrin N6m cira Hd NQi, nhmg s6 d6 chi c6 76 vrn bia phdn rinh vd ciu, rld Di6u d6 cho thdy ty l€ thit khi6m tdn, chi6m khoing lYo toin bQ s6 luqng v6n klic Hdn N6m cua Thu tl6 Tuy s6 luqng kh6ng nhidu, nhrmg nQi dung ph6n rlLnh l4i r6t da dang 56 vdn bia ndy tta phAn d crlc vtng ngo4i thinh vd cua tinh Hd Tdy ci nhrip vd Hir NQi chtng duoc phrin b6 theo c6c quA-n, huyQn, th! xi nhu sau (chring t6i dtng clia danh duo c ghi cric bQ Thu mqc vln bia) PGS.TS., ViQn Nghi€n cuu H6n N6m 39 ' rAP cHi HAN NoM sii (173 ) - 2022 PHAM TH! THUY V'NH Xem: b6ng l- Th6ng ki vdn bia ciu dd cia Hd NQi theo dia danh hdnh chinh (Chlng tdi phdn loqi dia danh hdnh chinh theo lqc khoan ghi sw in tv li(u, chra qui d6i theo dia danh hiQn noy) 56 I T0n qu{n, huvQn Hai Ba Tnmg Hodn Ki€m I Hoing Mai I Long Bi6n Ba Vi/huv6n I Dan Phugng D6ng Anh Gia Lrim Hodi Duc Mn Dfc l0 Phirc Tho TT l li l0 ll Ghi cht 56 luanq bia I I Tt s6 I d€n s6 ld t6n qu{n tt sii s diln s6 l8 le ten huyqn ) I Qu6c Oai Thanh Oai l 1l t4 Thanh Tri t2 MQt s6 xd cta huygn Thanh Tri dd bi cit dii thdnh l{p quin Hodng Mai vd qu{n Thanh Xudn do c6 the s6 vin bia cta huyQn Thanl Tri ct da thuoc quan Hodng Mai hodc qu6n Thanh XuAn l5 l6 Thach Th6t t0 t7 Thuong Tin Tt Li6m l l8 tlne Hda 19 Hd D6ng/ thi 2lt 2t Son Tay/thi xa Todn He Noi I Huy$n Tu Li6m kh6ng nta, vi da chia tdch hai qudn Bic Tt Li€m vd Nam Tu Li€m Ngodi co mQt sr5 xd dl cit nh6p vao quin Ciu Gdy vd qudn Thanh Xudn I xi l Nay dn thdnh quln Hd D6ng I Nay ld thi xa Son Tay 16 Qua th6ng k6 tr6n, ta thdy bia ciu cht yeu.xuat hi6n.o cr4c huy€n c6 dia th6 trlng, nhi6u s6ng h6 nhu huy6n Thanh Tri, huy6n Gia Liim, huy6n Thach ThAt, huy6n Dan Phuqng, huyQn Thanh Oai, huy6n Hodi Duc Cric quan n6i d6 c[ cta Hn NQi hdu nhu ving b6ng, chi c6 bia vr5 ciu Th6 Hric vdo dCn Ngoc Son cria qufln Hodn Ki6m vi bia li6n quan diin cAu d6 vdo chtra cta qu{n Hai Bi Tnmg S6ng T6 Lich chriy qua kinh ThAng Long nhmg nhirng cay cAu bic ngang s6ng T6 lai thu6c dia phdn cta hai huy6n Tt Li0m Tri - ngoai vi Thing Long Khao srit ni6n dai van bia ciu cua Hd vd Thanh NQi cho thiy m6t s6 vAn dd sau: Bang 2- Niin dai vdn bia stt Ni6n hiiu 56 tu.dng I Thdng Nguy€n I l 40 NiOn Vinh Huu Cinh HLmg Cinh Thinh l Gia Long Doan Thrii l4 l5 l6 Hmg Tri I 17 QudLng -.1 stt Hda I hiiu 56 luqng I I Ghi chri vAN BIA pHAN ANH vt cAc cAv cAu co cun Kiang -l lli Mini M0nh Hoang Dinh ) l9 Thi€u Tri Phfc Thdi 20 Tu Vinh Tri I 2l Dtc Kiai Dinh Chinh Hoa 22 Bdo Dai I l0 V*rnh Thinh 23 Khdng ni€n d4i ll Bao Thrii 24 Ghi ndm can chi t2 Vinh Khrinh I 25 Tdng c$ng '76 ll Long Sirng -l I Kh6ng ghi ni€n hiOu Dtc vin bia Th6ng tin tr6n vdn bia cAu cho bitit nfri6u v6n li6n quan (l€n tung cdy cdu cg th6, - VEn bia phin 6nh ciu cua Hir NQi c6 nien dai tu nta dau th€ kj,XVI ddn nta ddu th6 ki xX, Eai qua cAc ridu dai: Ld so, Mac, nhu xdy dqmg tu niro, khdi xudng, kinh phi il6ng g6p, kich cd quy m6 cria ciu, nguydn vflt li6u xdy dmg cdu, li ciu