TOPIC WHAT IS MATERIALISM DO YOU FIND IT CONVICING A, INTRODUCTION Philosophy is a very broad field Philosophy was born and developed over two thousand years In each different historical period, philo.
TOPIC WHAT IS MATERIALISM DO YOU FIND IT CONVICING A, INTRODUCTION Philosophy is a very broad field.Philosophy was born and developed over two thousand years In each different historical period, philosophy has different research objects; but summarizing the entire history of philosophy, Engels generalized: "The great fundamental problem of all philosophy, especially of modern philosophy, is the relationship between thinking and being", between consciousness and matter, between man and nature To be able to fully understand as well as understand philosophy is not an easy matter When learning about philosophy, materialism is one of the most concerned factors It is one of the most influential philosophical schools in history Physicalism is a philosophical view which states that all facts (including facts about the human mind and will and the course of human history) are causally dependent on physical processes Materialism is a family of metaphysical theories that can be best defined by saying that a theory tends to be called materialist if it is based on the assumption that reality is composed of physical matter Materialism believes that the only thing that can really prove existence is matter Therefore, according to materialism, everything is made up of matter, and all phenomena are the result of material interactions, with no explanation of mind or consciousness The essay will help us have a more comprehensive view of materialism From there, give arguments about the persuasiveness of materialism in today's social life B, BODY PART 1, Overview of materialism 1.1: Definition Materialism has appeared since ancient times and until now, its development history has always been associated with the development of science and practice, existing in many different forms Materialism is an important element in philosophy, a worldview, a form of monistic philosophy that holds that matter is the fundamental substance in nature, and that all things, including mental state and consciousness, the result of material interaction According to philosophical materialism, mind and consciousness are byproducts of physical processes (such as the biochemistry of the human brain and nervous system), without which mind and consciousness not exist This concept is in direct contrast to idealism, where mind and consciousness are first-order realities to which matter is subject and material interaction is secondary Materialism is closely related to physicalism, with the view that all that exists is ultimately material Philosophical physicalism has evolved from materialism with theories of the physical sciences to incorporate more complex conceptions of matter than ordinary matter (e.g spacetime, energy, etc.) quantity and force of matter and dark matter) Therefore, the term physics is preferred over materialism by some, while others use these terms as if they were synonymous Philosophies that contradict materialism or physicalism include idealism, pluralism, mind-body dualism, totalitarianism, and other forms of monism 2, Types of materialism In the history of philosophy, materialism has developed through three forms, namely: - Materialism with its typical form is the ancient materialist philosophical doctrines of India, China and Greece - Metaphysical materialism with its typical form is the materialistic philosophical doctrines of the modern period (17th-XVIII centuries) in Western European countries (typically modern British and English materialism) France) - Dialectical materialism by C Marx and Ph Engels was founded in the mid-nineteenth century Dialectical materialism by C Marx and Ph Founding Engels is the form - the highest level of development of materialism in the history of philosophy, for the following reasons: - Therefore, not only stand on a materialist stance in explaining the existences in the natural world (like the former metaphysical materialism) but also stand on a materialist stance in explaining phenomena and processes happening in human social life - that is, the materialist views of history or historical materialism - Because it not only stands on a materialist stance in the process of cognitive orientation and world reform, but also uses dialectical methods in that process Thereby creating the correct, scientific in interpreting the world and improving the world - The content of dialectical materialism is built on the basis of inheriting the quintessence of the history of philosophy and on the basis of summarizing great achievements of science and practice in the new era; it becomes the worldview and scientific methodology of the revolutionary class and of the progressive forces of the present day Example For example, a female snake is considered positive, but when the female snake lays an egg, the egg produced will be considered negative of the female snake Then the snake egg will also need to undergo movement and development time, the egg will hatch into a baby snake So the baby snake will now be considered the negation of the negation, and the negation of the negation will become the affirmation The movement and development according to the negative law of this negation always takes place continuously, moves and develops and is cyclical 3, The persuasion of materialism Do you find it convicing Materialism is very convincing and associated with social life It reflects reality just as it exists, is an effective tool to help progressive forces in society improve that reality Especially, thanks to it, people are aware of the most common interrelationships between things and phenomena of the material world; at the same time aware that the movement and development of the world is the result of contradictions existing within that world in motion Materialism overcomes the limitation of the incompleteness of pre-Marxist materialist philosophical doctrines by affirming the material origin of society (society is a particular part of nature); material production is the basis of social life; the mode of production regulates the process of social, political and spiritual life in general; social existence regulates social consciousness; the development of society is a naturalhistorical process; The masses of the people are the true creators of history Revolution is the cause of the masses => Therefore, materialism is the great achievement of scientific thought; is a revolution in the concept of society; is a great tool in understanding and renovating the world Any philosophical doctrine cannot directly change the world, but through their knowledge of the world, people form goals, directions, methods, …world The worldreforming power of materialism is reflected in the orientation for the activities of the masses to be acted upon by the masses Materialism affirms the inevitable victory of the new In the rationality of the existing is included the concept of its inevitable destruction The revolutionary character of materialism is reflected in the correct reflection of the laws governing movement and development; thereby affirming the inevitability of the process of eradicating the obsolete, establishing a higher and more progressive new one Materialism is not a dogma but a guide to all activities As an open system, materialism needs to be supplemented and developed on the basis of practical and cognitive activities to create methodological principles that creatively apply in specific situations, may be the number one requirement of those principles From the dialectical relationship between matter and consciousness, Marxist philosophy draws an objective point of view in perception and practical activities The objective point of view requires in perception to perceive things as they are, not "highlighted, blacked out" In practical activities, always: Starting from objective reality, respecting objective laws and acting according to objective laws; can't substitute for objective reality or subjective desire, can't act in advance against the law For that will have to pay the price An objective perspective also requires that in practical activities, it is necessary to know how to promote the dynamism and creativity of consciousness and spirit in world reform That means trying, actively rising up, knowing how to maximize the available material force At the same time, we must avoid falling and objectivity, that is, expecting, being passive, relying on objective conditions, not trying, actively overcoming difficulties to rise up In practical activities, we need to rely on reality, not on ability, of course, we must take into account the possibility Reality is what already exists, already present, it determines the movement and development of things Things at the same time have many possibilities, so in practical activities it is necessary to take into account all possible possibilities to have a suitable and proactive solution C, CONCLUSION It can be said that philosophy is a certain general theoretical knowledge system of people about the entire world, about each person's self and his position in that world Through many practices and generalizations of knowledge in many fields, materialism manifests in a comprehensive and specific way, affirming that a system of general theoretical knowledge is consistent with the interests of other forces progressive social forces and orient these forces to their cognitive and practical activities In short, materialism solves the basic problems of philosophy, after all, the essence and basis of all existence in the natural and social world is matter REFERENCES Williams, R (2020) Culture and materialism Verso Books Giddens, A (1981) A contemporary critique of historical materialism (Vol 1) Univ of California Press Richins, M., & Fournier, S (1991) Some theoretical and popular notions concerning materialism Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 6(6), 403414 Lange, F A (2016) The history of materialism Routledge Eagleton, T (2017) Materialism Yale University Press Harris, M (2001) Cultural materialism: The struggle for a science of culture AltaMira Press Richins, M L (2017) Materialism pathways: The processes that create and perpetuate materialism Journal of Consumer Psychology, 27(4), 480-499 Dollimore, J., & Sinfield, A (Eds.) (1994) Political Shakespeare: essays in cultural materialism Manchester University Press ... Materialism with its typical form is the ancient materialist philosophical doctrines of India, China and Greece - Metaphysical materialism with its typical form is the materialistic philosophical doctrines... contradict materialism or physicalism include idealism, pluralism, mind-body dualism, totalitarianism, and other forms of monism 2, Types of materialism In the history of philosophy, materialism has developed... of this negation always takes place continuously, moves and develops and is cyclical 3, The persuasion of materialism Do you find it convicing Materialism is very convincing and associated with