QUdCTg
Nhan ky niem 51 nam Quoc khanh Cuba (1-1-1959
-1-1-2010)
CUBA KIENDINHVA SANG
TAG
TREN CON
Dl/CING
XAHOICHUNGHIA
N
am 2009 vfla khep lai, sy nghiep cich
mang Cuba trdn tudi 50 va bude vao
nam
2010
vdi nhiing thanh tuu to ldn
qua nfla
the'
ky ehiln diu va chieh thing. Biet
bao su kien da
diin
ra trong sudt
51
nam qua,
nhimg thing lpi ngay
1-1-1959
vin mai mai
sd'ng ddng trong y thfle va nhan thfle eua nhan
dan Hdn dao Xanh anh hung, vi dd la edt mdc
khing dinh Cuba that su budc vao ky nguyen
cua ddc lap dan tdc gin liln vdi CNXH; la
bing ehflng khdng
tbi
bic bd vl sfle sdng cua
CNXH da ra ddi, biet tu bao ve va ldn manh
ngay tai "san sau" eua de qude My; la ddi
tiin
phong md dudng cho nhan dan cic dan tdc
My-La tinh diu tranh gianh ddc lap, tu do,
nhan pham va tie'n bd xa hdi.
Tfl nam
1959 din
nay, dudi su lanh dao eua
Dang va lanh tu Phiden Caxtrd, nhan dan Cuba
da ghi them nhieu chien cdng trong bao ve To
qude va
xay
dung CNXH. Mpi thu doan eua
cac the luc thu dich, tfl thdng tin xuyen tae, ed
lap ngoai giao, cim van thuong mai, bao
vay
kinh
te'
de'n de doa chien tranh va dd bd xam
lupc vu trang, tit thay deu khdng khuit phuc
ndi Cuba. Trii lai, hon
11
trieu nhan
dan-ehiln
si
ca nudc da kien djnh va sing taotren mpi
mat tran. Mae du edn nhilu khd khan, ban
ehi,
nhung da't nude da cd mdt
nin
kinh te'
edng-
ndng nghiep vi djch vu vdi mdt so mui nhpn
dat trinh dp cao (ky nghe bie'n ddi gien, cdng
nghe sinh hpc,
xay
dung, du lieh, sin xuit xi
ga, khai thac niken,
ehi
biln nudc hoa qua ).
Tfl mdt thudc dja la chdn an choi, tieu xii cua
tu ban ddc quyln My, Cuba da trd thanh mdt
PGS,
TS NGUYEN VIET THAO
qudc gia phit triln vl mat xa hdi vdi su uu viet
vupt bac vl giio due, y te, the thao, van hoa,
nghe thuat Ty le mu ehfl giam tfl
30%
xudng
dudi 0,2% trong vdng 50 nam qua, 100% tre
em dupe den trudng va giao due hoan toan
miin
phf, tudi thp binh quan cua ngudi dan
hien nay dat 77,97 so vdi 59 tudi nam 1959
Vdi nhiing thanh tuu iy, hien thuc Cuba la
bing ehflng sinh ddng khing dinh trong
thi
gidi duong dai, hoan toan ed
thi
va cin
xay
dung mdt xa hdi khic vdi xa hdi tu ban dl dem
lai boa binh, ddc lap eho cac dan tdc va cude
sdng a'm no, hanh phuc cho nhan dan.
Vupi qua "thdi ky dac biet" khi Lien Xd tan
ra, tfl nam 2005 den nay, kinh
te'
Cuba da vupt
qua tinh trang suy thoai va budc vao thdi ky
tang trudng kha. Day la
nin
kinh
te'
dat tdc dd
tang trudng binh quan cao nhit d khu vue My-
La
tuih,
dac biet nam 2006 dat tdc dd
12,5%.
Khiu hieu chi dao boat ddng kinh te' eua dit
nudc la: "San xuit ra nhilu nhit bing it ngudn
luc nha't". Tren thuc te, san lupng dien san xuit
tang tren 7%/nam trong khi nhu ciu tieu thu
tang 4,2%/nam nhd ip dung nhilu bien phap
tilt kiem. Thu hut diu tu nude ngoai cua Cuba
tang 25-30%/nam lien tuc trong 2-3 nam qua,
chu yeu vao cac nganh cdng nghiep dupe
pham, khai thic diu khi, danh ci, viln thdng,
xay
dung va san xuit vat lieu
xay
dung. Ngoai
thuong dat gii tri xuit khiu nam 2006 la
10,4
ty USD, tang
45%
so vdi nam 2005; nam 2007
dat hon 11 ty USD va nam 2008
xip xi
13 ty
USD.
Chinh phu Cuba vfla thdng bio tim tha'y
md dau d ngoai khoi Vjnh Mehicd vdi trfl
62
xay dyng
Dang
$61-2010
QUdCTf
lupng hon 40 ty thung, bing trfl lupng cua My.
Hiln
tai, ca nude san xuit 60.000 thung
diu/ngay, dip flng 1/2 nhu ciu trong nudc.
Cuba hien ed quan he ngoai giao
vdi
180
nudc,
ed 143 van phdng dai dien d nude ngoai
tai 116 nude tren the gidi. Su hien dien cua
Cuba tai cic td chfle lien
kit
khu vuc ngay
cang dupe eung ed. Cuba cd nhiing ddng gdp
to ldn cho nhiing qudc gia dang phat trien,
dang dao tao 53.000 sinh vien de'n tfl 89 nudc
va gfli hang tram nghin giao vien, bae sT, nhan
vien y
titinh
nguyen
dl'n 103
qude gia tren the
gidi.
Tai cude hpp nam 2009 vfla qua, nam thfl
18 liln
tilp.
Lien hpp qudc thdng qua Nghj
quye't "Su can thie't
chim
dflt cim
van
kinh te,
thuong mai va tai chfnh cua My chdng Cuba"
vdi
su ung hd eua
187/192
nudc thanh vien. So
philu ung hd trong nam nay tang 2 phieu so
vdi nam ngoai, 3 nude bd phieu chdng va 2
nude bd philu tring.
Trong nhiing nam
qua.
Dang va nhan dan
Cflba
kiendinhcon dudng XHCN, nang ddng,
sang tao trien khai eae cai cich kinh tl, xa hdi.
Trong
diin
van tai Ll ky niem 54 nam cude
tin edng Mdncada ngay 26-7-2007,
Chii
tjch
Raun Caxtrd nlu ra nhilu vin dl cap
bich
va
co ban ciia dit nudc, ddng thdi, keu gpi toan
dan nghien cflu, thao luan, cho y kiln. Cac
ting
Idp
nhan dan da sdi ndi thao luan trong
sudt 2 thing 9 va 10. Thing 11, cac eo quan
tmng uong tdng hpp cic y kiln va de'n thing
12,
Ban Chip hanh Trung
ucmg
thong qua bao
cao cudi eung. Tdng edng ed 5,1 trieu ngudi
tham gia thao luan qua nhilu kenh khac nhau,
trong dd cd hon 3,2 trieu y kiln phat bieu tai
cac eudc hpp, hPn 1,3
trilu
tham luan, trong
dd hon 48% la y kien phe binh. Cic vin dl
dupe quan tam nhilu nhat gdm: tinh hinh sin
xuit luong thue, thue phim; chii truong thay
thi
nhap khiu; nang cao bilu qua san xuat,
tmh hinh kinh
tl-xa
bdi; nhu
cau
tilt kiem
flong tieu dung va sin xuit; tinh trang tham
nhung va cic hanh vi pham tdi; edng tic qudc
phdng; cdng tic can bd Ndi len tren
hit
la y
chi quye't tam bao ve va
xay
dung thanh edng
ehe
dp XHCN.
Vdi khiu hieu "Trd lai vdi dat dai dl san
xuat nhilu hon!", Cuba da tan dung, khai thac
ed hieu qua hon dien tich dit canh tic. Ca
nudc ed khoang 6,6 trieu ha dit ndng nghiep,
nhung ehi ed 2,9 trieu ha dupe canh tic. Sic
lenh vl cai each ndng nghiep, khuye'n khich
ndng dan san xuat nhim tang sin lupng
luPng
thuc quy djnh nhirng hp ndng dan chua ed da't
canh tic se dupe nhan nhilu nhat la
13,42
ha
dit de trdng trpt va chan nudi trong vdng 10
nam va se dupe gia ban tie'p 10 nam nfla.
Nhiing hp nong dan canh tae ed hieu qua se
dupe nhan tdi 40,26 ha. Ngudi sfl dung da't
dupe hudng lpi nhuan tfl
kit
qua lao ddng cua
minh, ddng thdi phai nop thue theo quy djnh.
Chien lupc phat triln ndng nghiep, ndng thdn
mdi dupe ban hanh khuyen khich san xuat tai
mdi dja phupng,
phii
hpp vdi dae tinh rieng
eua tiing vung va tan dung tdi da he thdng tudi
tieu; tang cudng san xuit luong thyc, thyc
pham dap flng nhu ciu tieu dung eua nhan
dan.
Chiln
lupc se dupe thyc hien tiing bude,
16 huyen da dupe chpn dl thfl nghiem md
hinh nay.
Tai phien hpp
ciia
Qudc hdi ngay
11-7-
2009,
Chii
tjch Raun Caxtrd tuyen bd nhiing
dilu ehinh dl phu hpp tinh hinh kinh tl
thi
gidi,
theo dd Cuba se phai diu tu mdt each hpp
ly nhiing ngudn luc it di bien ed. Chinh phu
quylt djnh tang tudi lam viee them 5 nam ddi
vdi ngudi lao ddng (nam 65, nfl 60), nhim
giam thieu tic dpng eua tinh trang gia hda dan
sd dang ngay cing tang; tiep tuc nghien cflu
mdt each toan dien vin dl
tiin
luong de ed the
timg
bude tang luong cho ngudi lao ddng; buy
bd cic bien phap kiem soat hanh chinh ddi vdi
quy trinh san xuit ndng nghiep trude day; tang
gii thu mua thjt va eae san pham sfla; cho
phep ngudi dan dupe tu do tieu thu san phim
eua minh; cho phep tu nhan trd lai tham gia
xay dyng
Dang
$61-2010
63
QUdCT^
kinh doanh trong linh vuc
van
tai cung vdi viee
Chinh phu chi 2 ty USD dl nang ca'p he thdng
giao thdng cdng edng
Chinh phu Cuba uu tien diu tu phat triln
cdng nghe sinh hpc va dupe phim. Cuba da
xuit khau 38 loai dupe pham tdi 40 nudc,
trong dd cung cip
miin
phi cho nhilu nude
dang phit triln. Kim ngach xua't khiu dupe
phim Cuba da vupt cac mat hang truyen thdng
nhu xi ga, rupu rum, dudng va bai sin. Nganh
chan nudi bd, dae biet la sin xuat sfla trong
nhiing thing gin day, ngoai viec cung cip sfla
tuoi eho cac nha may, da dap flng du nhu ciu
sfla tuoi cho nhan dan tai 60/89 huyen eua ea
nudc.
Cuba se khdng phai nhap khiu
5.600
ta'n
sfla bdt trong nam nay. San lupng sfla nam
2008 dat 403 nghin lit; nam 2009 udc dat gin
500 nghin lit, so vdi 272 nghin lit nam 2006.
Hdi nghj Trung uong 7 vfla qua da quye't
dinh
lui
thdi diem td chfle Dai hdi VI eua
Dang, trude du djnh vao cudi nam 2009.
Nhiem vu cua nhiing ngudi cdng san va nhan
dan Cuba hien nay la, vdi su tham gia rdng rai
nha't cua quin chung, xac dinh CNXH ma
Cuba mudn va Cuba cd the xay dyng dupe
trong hoan canh hien tai va tuong lai cua dat
nudc;
md hinh kinh te vi lpi ich cua nhan dan
va dam bao su khdng
thi
dao ngupc cua
thi
ehi
chinh tri-xa hdi cua dat nudc la gi? Trung
uong se ehuin bi du thao cac van kien, sau dd
xin y kiln cua toan dan va Dai hdi VI ehi dupe
td chfle khi qui trinh
xay
dyng eac van kien
nay hoan tat. Dd se la mdt dai hdi ma dang
vien va nhan dan cung thao luan mpi vin de
cua da't nudc; se la mdt dai hdi that su cin thilt
trong tinh hinh hien nay nhim giai quye't
nhiing van dl trude mit va hudng
din
tuong
lai.
Quan be dac biet Viet Nam-Cuba la di sin
quy biu cua hai dang, hai nha nudc va nhan
dan hai nudc; la ta'm guong sang vl tinh hiiu
nghj thuy ehung, trong sang. Trong thdi gian
qua, mdi quan he iy tie'p tuc dupe cung cd va
phat triln toan dien. Lanh dao hai ben cd
nhilu nd lue ehi dao nang cao hieu qua eo che
nhim phit huy tdi da tilm nang hpp tac gifla
hai nudc, nhit la tren cic linh vuc mdi nude
ed
thi
manh va ed
tbi
bd sung cho nhau dl
cung phit triln nhu ndng nghiep, thuy san,
san xuit bing tieu dung, diu khf, cdng nghe
sinh hpc,
xay
dung, du
Ijeh
Cuba dl cao
viee Viet Nam cung cap gao, triln khai cic du
in trdng lua, ngd va dau ninh vdi so vdn len
tdi 3,4 trieu USD, gdp phin giup Cuba hoan
thanh Chuong trinh an ninh luong thue. Cac
bd, nganh va doanh nghiep hai nude tich cue
triln khai bieu qua cic thda thuan cip caova
cic van kien hpp tic song
phucmg
da ky
kit,
ddng thdi tim ra nhiing
linh
vuc va hinh thfle
hpp tic mdi, phu hpp vdi dilu kienva hoan
canh eua mdi nudc, nhim tflng bude dua quan
be hpp tie kinh te-thuong mai len ngang tim
mdi quan he chinh tri bet sfle tdt dep giua hai
nude •
Ttm
Phong
(Tiep ttieo trang 31)
' '
Tai
Idp
hpc nay se thanh lap 1 chi bd va day
se la
nin
mdng cho viec phit trien dang viln
trong ngudn can bd tre nay.
Thuc hien 2 di an nay chic chin Hai
Phdng se cd ngudn can bd lanh dao tfl Thanh
phd de'n CO sd ddi dao, ke' tiep nhau vdi ty le
can bd tre, can bd nfl phu hpp, cd du phim
cha't, dao dfle, cd kinh nghiem va
tiinh
dp
chuyen mdn
vung
vang trong su nghiep CNH,
HDH Thanh phd va dat nudc. Hai de in la su
cu the boa Nghi quyet Trung uong 3 khoa
Vin
va Nghj quyet Trung uong 9 khoa X vl
chien lupc cin bd trong thdi ky diy manh
CNH, HDH 0 Thanh phd Hai Phdng. Day la
su van dung sing tao cua Hai Phdng, qua tiinh
thuc hien se la qui trinh hoan thien va trao ddi
kinh nghiem vdi cac dia phuong •
64
xay dyng Dang $61-2010
. niem 51 nam Quoc khanh Cuba (1-1-1959 -1-1-2010) CUBA KIEN DINH VA SANG TAG TREN CON Dl/CING XA HOI CHU NGHIA N am 2009 vfla khep lai, sy nghiep cich mang Cuba trdn tudi 50 va bude vao. dan Cuba da ghi them nhieu chien cdng trong bao ve To qude va xay dung CNXH. Mpi thu doan eua cac the luc thu dich, tfl thdng tin xuyen tae, ed lap ngoai giao, cim van thuong mai, bao vay. la chdn an choi, tieu xii cua tu ban ddc quyln My, Cuba da trd thanh mdt PGS, TS NGUYEN VIET THAO qudc gia phit triln vl mat xa hdi vdi su uu viet vupt bac vl giio due, y te, the thao, van