UNIT 6 GLOBAL WARMING Bài 1 Complete the sentences with the perfect participle Decide whether to use active or passive voice 1 (stop) the car, the police officer wanted to see the documents 1 (write)[.]
UNIT GLOBAL WARMING Bài 1: Complete the sentences with the perfect participle Decide whether to use active or passive voice (stop) the car, the police officer wanted to see the documents (write) the test, we felt relieved (work) all day, we were quite exhausted in the evening (send) to counter 20,1 had to return to counter (confess), he was accused of even more criminal offences (arrive) at the station, we called a taxi (type) by the secretary, the letter was signed by the boss (interrupt) several times, she was rather annoyed (live) in Oxford for two years, she spoke English like a native speaker 10 (rescue), the injured man was taken to hospital Bài 2: Rewrite the sentences replacing the underlined part with a perfect participle We switched off the lights before we went to bed …………………………………………………………… we went to bed The boy asked his mother's permission and then went out to play …………………………………………………………… the boy went out to play As he had drunk too much, he didn't drive home himself …………………………………………………………… he didn't drive home himself We have written two tests today, so we are very exhausted ……………………………………………………………… we are very exhausted She filled the washing machine and switched it on …………………………………………………………she switched it on She had been to the disco the night before and overslept in the morning ……………………………………………………………….she overslept in the morning We had worked in the garden all day and were sunburned in the evening ……………………………………………………………….we were sunburned in the evening She had not slept for two days and therefore wasn't able to concentrate …………………………………………………… she wasn't able to concentrate Since I had not seen him for ages, I didn't recognize him …………………………………………………………….I didn't recognize him 10 I had not ridden a horse for a long time and found it very difficult to keep in the saddle ……………………………………………………… I found it very difficult to keep in the saddle Bài 3: Change the underlined part of the sentence into a participle clause We are lying in the sun and we are enjoying life ……………………………………………………… , we are enjoying life The boy had brushed his teeth He was allowed to watch a few more minutes of television ……………………………………., the boy was allowed to watch a few more minutes of television The children sat on their beds and watched the thunderstorm …………………………………………………………the children watched the thunderstorm They were surprised by a sudden storm and had to seek shelter under a tree ………………………………………………………., they had to seek shelter under a tree When they had found the secret island, they started searching for the treasure …………………………………………………… , they started searching for the treasure Bài 4: Rewrite the sentences with participle clauses Mary left school early because he felt sick The teacher was impressed by Michael's work, so she gave him the highest score Because he hadn't studied hard enough for his exam, Tom couldn't pass it As I haven't received all the applications yet, I am not eager to hire anyone The golden ring, which was stolen weeks ago, was found As I have an assignment to finish, I cannot come with you When my sister heard the good news, she wanted to cry Because I didn't want to lose my passport, I gave it to my father After he had been told to wash the dishes, David entered the kitchen with a frown 10 As I had been to New York before, I knew where to find a good hotel Bài 5: Rewrite the sentences beginning with an appropriate participle (present, past or perfect) When she saw the dog coming towards her, she quickly crossed the road If it is looked after carefully, the plant can live through the winter As I don't have a credit card, I found it difficult to book an airline ticket over the phone Jim spent a lot of time filling in job application forms because he was unemployed Because I was walking quickly, I soon caught up with her The house was built of wood, so it was clearly a fire risk I was eager to catch the bus in good time because I had been told off the day before for arriving late She didn't know where the theater was, so she asked for directions at the hotel reception As she was a nurse, she knew what to after the accident 10 He had spent his childhood in Hue City so he knew the city well 11 The fruit was expensive because it was imported 12 We had spent nearly all our money so we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel 13 As we didn't want to offend him, we said nothing about his paintings 14 Although James is known mainly as a writer of novel, he has now written a successful biography 15 Although it had been hunted close to extinction, the rhino is once again common in this area Bài 6: Choose the best answer He thought that such a trifle was not worth A being mentioned B having mentioned C mentioning D to be mentioned I'm surprised at your this book so quickly How did you manage to it? A being read B having read C having been read D reading I thought of Tim for help, but then I decided to ask Linda A asking B having asked C my asking D to ask The fear for what he had done made him run away A being punished B of being punished C of punishing D to be punished This work should be no problem for him He is used to it A being done B C doing D having done She was tired She didn't feel capable anything A doing B about doing C fordoing D of doing He apologized in advance for to see us during our visit A being not able B having been not able C not being able D not having been able It is no use it He is not listening to you A by repeating B in repeating C of repeating D repeating We have no objection him A for inviting B of inviting C to inviting D to invite 10 I was reading a book when she burst into my room without A being seen B knocking C saying goodbye D turning on the light 11 for twelve hours, I felt marvelous A Having slept B Have slept C Having been slept D Have been slept 12By the time their baby arrives, the Smiths hope painting and decorating the new nursery A having finished B to have finished C having been finished D to have been finished 13She's angry about to the farewell party last night A not having invited B not to have invited C not having been invited D not to have been invited 14We decided not to travel, A having heard B to have heard C having been heard D to have been heard 15.I'd love to the party, but it was impossible A having gone B to have gone C having been gone D to have been gone 16.I don't recall him at the conference A having seen B to have seen C having been seen D to have been seen 17 in dark colors, the room needed some bright lights A Having painted B To have painted C Having been painted D To have been painted 18.The stockbroker denied of the secret business deal A having informed B to have informed C having been informed D to have been informed 19.They now regret their son by providing too many material possessions A having spoiled B to have spoiled C having been spoiled D to have been spoiled 20 to the party, we could hardly refuse to go A Having invited B To have invited C Having been invited D To have been invited 21.Tom made a bad mistake at work, but his boss didn't fire him He's lucky a second chance A having given B to have given C having been given D to have been given 22.Are you sure you told me? I don't recall about it A having told B to have told C having been told D to have been told Bài 7: Rewrite the sentences using participle clauses Susan was lying in the sun She got sunburned Tim has just retired He is now able to spend more time gardening They bought their tickets and went to find a seat The student sat in front of the computer and wrote his essay Some people argue against school uniforms They feel children should wear what they want to Some students are disappointed in their progress at school These students often not go into further education Children not have the maturity to make every choice themselves They need a parent or guardian to make decisions on their behalf I didn't want to break the law I called the police instead John travelled overseas a lot as a teenager He learns different cultures and customs Bài 8: Choose the best answer : Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets The missing children were last seen (play) near the river (complete) the book, he had a holiday (find) only in the Andes, the plant is used by local people to treat skin diseases The accident seems (happen) at around 1.00 p.m yesterday The shoes (make) in China is cheap Last year I studied abroad I appreciate (have) the opportunity to live and study in a foreign country (look) down from the hill, the town spread out before us towards the coast Alex doesn't like to have her picture (take) She avoids (photograph) I don't agree with (smack) children if they something wrong 10 The book (publish) last month is her first novel III Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences Developed countries are responsible for 80% of the carbon dioxide that is already in the atmosphere A man-made B men-made C man-making D man-mades The government must take to cut vehicle emissions A measures B repeat C discover D ban They didn't forget a short vacation in Cuc Phuong National Park last year A being spent B having been spent C to spend D having spent The effects of climate change on humans and nature are A catastrophic B temperature C global D risk A layer of greenhouse gases – primarily water vapor, and carbon dioxide - acts as a blanket for the Earth, absorbing heat and warming the surface A heat B heating C thermal D hot We admired the Japanese the city of Fukushima after the disaster A to being rebuilt B for having rebuilt C to rebuild D of having rebuilt We need to preserve the of wildlife because each species has an important role to play A diversity B various C population D type Most climate scientists agree the main cause of the current global warming trend is human expansion of the greenhouse A gas B damage C cause D effect trees around the house on the south and west sides, they can save up to about $250 a year on cooling and heating A Having planted B Being planted C To plant D To have planted 10 The increase in the earth's temperature can cause illness which can be dangerous to people A heat-related B heat-relate C heat-relating D heated-relate 11 Certain in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, block heat from escaping A gases B layers C effects D emissions 12 Having developed green technologies with low-carbon emissions, intends to get rid of coal A that country B the communities C the effort D the possibility 13 Carbon dioxide is one of the primary gases that cause global warming A greenhouse B house C plant D home 14 Carbon dioxide is released through processes such as respiration and volcano eruptions and through activities such as deforestation, land use change, and burning fossil fuels A man-made B ordinary-man-made C human natural D natural-human 15 Vietnam has been named among the 12 countries most for climate change by the World Bank A at danger B in risk C at risk D ready D WRITING I Rewrite the sentences, using perfect gerunds Nam won a scholarship We are excited about that fact → We are Entering the room, I was surprised at what I saw → When _ The volunteers couldn't mow the old lady's lawns because of the rain → The rain prevented Since we have become too dependent on the use of electricity, we have to find alternative sources of energy before fossil fuels run out → Having Tonya had dumped a lot of rubbish on the beach She was strongly criticised for that → Tonya was In the Tree Planting Competition, the students in Group 11G planted the most trees in the schoolyard They were praised for that → The students in After she replaced all the light bulbs in her house with LED lights, she same a lot of money on her electricity bills → Having Sam had not worked hard enough in his previous job He regretted it → Sam regretted Someone had cut down the oldest tree in the park The police suspected Mike of doing it → The police suspected 10 Since the farmers used too much chemical fertiliser on their farm, they now have to drink polluted water → Having 11 Denis had taken an active part in the Green Summer activities He was rewarded for that → Denis was _ 12 After the students had learnt about the benefits of recycling and reusing, they started collecting waste paper, bottles, and cans to recycle and reuse → Having II Rewrite the sentences, using perfect gerunds David did his homework and they went to bed → After having It is easy for anyone to learn how to cook → Learning Tony had rescued the kids from the fire People admired him for that → People He had dumped lots of rubbish onto the beach He denied it → He denied _ After Ha had read some documents about Green Earth, she decided to join the organization → Having I have seen him before I remember that → I _ You had saved the lives of hundreds of wild animals Thank you for that → Thank you They had hunted and killed many wild animals Later they regretted what they had done → They regretted Since Mai had refused Nam's offer of a lift in his car, she had to walk home → Having _ 10 'You've lied to us, the villagers said The politician denied it → The politician 11 The factory had dumped tons of toxic waste into the river It was heavily fined for that → The factory 12 Thanh had forgotten to turn off the gas cooker before he left his house He admitted that → Thanh admitted _ III Rewrite the following sentences using Perfect Participle Ex: We switched off the lights before we went to bed → Having switched off the lights, we went to bed Zoe had practiced a lot, so she was sure of her winning in the competition The boy asked his mother's permission and then went out to play _ As he had drunk too much, he didn't drive home himself We have done two tests today, so we are exhausted _ She filled the washing machine and switched it on She had been to disco the night before and she overslept in the morning _ We had worked in the garden all day and were sunburned in the evening _ She had not slept for two days and therefore she wasn't able to concentrate Since I had not seen him for ages, I didn’t recognize him 10 I had not ridden a horse for a long time and I found it very difficult to sit on the saddle IV Rewrite the following sentences using After or Before I told him off Then I realized I was wrong → After having told him off, I realized I was wrong I worked very hard for the exam Then I passed it → Before First I considered what to study Then I decided to major in Maths → After She wrote a letter Then she went to bed → After He bought a radio First he checked the price → After They argued Then they fought → After She went out for a walk Then she had a fatal accident → Before She decided to go away First she faced the matter → After We read the book, then we wrote the assignment → Before _ 10 She watched the film, then she wrote a report → After TEST YOURSELF I Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined A sale B serve C sure D sort A age B altogether C change D college A mercury B mermaid C merriment D servant A solar B cost C knowledge D impossible A appear B measure C nuclear D year II Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others A commitee B scientific C pagoda D computer A lotion B escape C prefer D review A commerce B consent C access D advent A mysterious B historical C heritage D particular A discriminate B accurate C transparent D benevolent III Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences Planting trees can contribute to reducing global warming as trees and absorb CO in the air A capture B pasture C calculate D appear A strong greenhouse effect will warm the ocean and partially melt glaciers, increasing A sea level B temperature C sea water D pollution The next dry season will be extremely severe further saltwater intrusion, water and rain shortages, and heat waves A due to B thanks to C because D although Climate change may lead to the extinction of many species and upset the balance A ecological B biology C geography D technology Ocean water also will expand if it warm, further to sea level rise A leading B contributing C getting D making Methane is a far more active than carbon dioxide, but also one which is much less abundant in the atmosphere A climate change B emission C greenhouse gas D greenhouse effect The government must take measures to cut emissions A vehicle B transportation C transfer D convert The cleaning of land for agricultural, industry, and other human activities have increased of greenhouse gases A lots B collections C concentration D attention The low in the Mekong Delta leads to acute saline instruction much deeper than the traditional 30 to 40 km of mainland that is contaminated with saltwater A water level B salt water C water currents D sea level 10 Buying organic food is better for the environment because it uses less A fertilizer B fertilize C fertilizes D fertilized 11 Humans atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration by a third since the Industrial Revolution began A had increased B were increasing C Increase D have increased 12 All of the disasters resulted from will continue to have a devastating effect on socio-economic development A ecological balance B carbon footprint C floods D climate change 13 The simplest way to reduce your footprint is to cycle to school A carbon B chemical C chemistry D dioxide 14 the desalination plant, the company could offer an effective solution to the problem of water scarcity A Being built B Having been built C To build D Having built 15 Sea level rise is usually regarded as Vietnam's main : a one-meter rise would submerge 40 percent of the country and make millions homeless A concern B disaster C hope D destruction 16 Replace all the light bulbs in your home with bulbs A energy-saving B energy-save C energy-saves D energy-saved 17 The public praised the local farmers for millions of trees of the surrounding hills A being planting B having planted C plant D being planted 18 Leaving your DVD player on standby produces the same carbon each year as the average person of Burundi A emissions B releases C eruptions D appearance IV Choose the correct word in the box to complete the sentences capture greenhouse illnesses ecological emissions dioxide balance catastrophic climate energy Carbon dioxide is one of the primary _ gases that cause global warming Deforestation is one of the biggest environmental threats to the _ balance in the world There are many ways for us to reduce our carbon _ order to save our environment The effects of climate change on humans and nature are _ I believe that the only way for us to reduce global warming is to cut down on _ use Planting trees can contribute to reducing global warming as trees _ and absorb CO2 in the air As global temperature rise, there are more cases of heat-related _ Motor vehicles running on petrol are responsible for a large amount of carbon dioxide _ Climate change may lead to the extinction of many species and upset the ecological _ 10 Although global warming is causing changes in weather patterns, it is only one aspect of change V Choose the word in the box to complete the text radiation networks overall flooding vulnerable systems throughout sensitive increased urbanization Global warming and cooling have occurred naturally (1) _ history But in the last 200 years, humans' uses of fossil fuels and clear cutting of forests have (2) _ the amount of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere These gases trap some of the (3) _ from the sun which then increases the Earth's temperature Given the current state of environmental pollution caused by human activities, scientists believe the average temperature of the earth may increase 1-2 degrees Celsius which put simply, means some places will get much hotter and some much colder At the same time, this (4) warming effect means more frequent and more intense weather systems, especially in terms of flooding and drought Vietnam is one of the most (5) _ environments due to its location on the planet It is already subject to some of the earth's most powerful weather systems and the increased frequency and intensity of storms will affect it often and directly, especially in coastal areas where most people live Various estimates have been made as to the possible impacts The most directly affected sector will be agriculture, which is very (6) _ to flooding and the effects of extreme weather Vietnam has the advantage of coming relatively late into the industrialization, (7) , and modernization process This means it can avoid many of the mistakes made by wealthier industrial countries For example, wireless communication (8) _ can be built from the start rather than installing lines that can be destroyed in extreme weather Cities can be designed and located in less vulnerable locations Climate-friendly building codes and standards can be created that are both more efficient and less prone to heat stress, wind damage, and (9) _ Climate friendly transport (10) _, especially public transport, can be adopted VI Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage Global warming is primarily a problem of too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, (1) acts as a blanket, trapping heat and the planet (2) , the average surface temperature has increases more than one degree Fahrenheit since the late 1800s Most of that increase has occurred over the past three decades We are overloading our atmosphere with carbon dioxide, which traps heat and steadily drives up the planet's temperature Carbon dioxide comes from the fossil fuels we burn for energy, such as coal, natural gas, and oil, and the loss of forests due to (3) , especially in the tropics Within the scientific community, there is no debate (4) scientists agree that global (5) is happening and that human activity is the primary cause Global warming is already having significant and costly effects- and these consequences will only intensify as the planet's temperature continues to rise Global warming is accelerating the (6) of sea level rise and dramatically increasing coastal flooding risk Climate change has significant effects for our health, including increased air pollution and a longer and (7) intense allergy season We must significantly reduce the heat-trapping (8) we are putting into the atmosphere As individuals, we can help by taking action to reduce our carbon footprint Tropical deforestation accounts for about 10 percent of the world's heat trapping emissions Reducing tropical deforestation can significantly lower global warming emissions and plays an integral role in a long-term solution to global warming Sometimes it is difficult to achieve meaningful (9) to global warming because misinformation about the truth of global warming misleads and confuses the public and makes it more difficult to carry (10) effective solutions A that B which C who D when A Global B Globaliness C Globally D Globe A deforestation B culture C relation D afforestation A Most of B Mostly C Most D Almost A wrapping B proving C offering D warming A number B rate C amount D part A more B few C less D little A inclusions B ceremony C emissions D creations A factor B stories C problems D solutions 10 A out B in C on D away VII Read a text about common wedding rituals in the USA and answer the questions that follow One of the factors in global warming is carbon monoxide The more carbon monoxide in the atmosphere, the less the atmosphere is able to clean itself The result is a warming of the atmosphere, the socalled global warming, and possibly ozone damage Earlier, it was found that carbon monoxide was concentrated in the Southern Hemisphere, and could be attributed to deforestation Huge areas of forest and grasslands in South America and Africa have been burned, putting carbon monoxide into the atmosphere Recently, however, the Southern Hemisphere has been found to be clean, while the Northern Hemisphere is more polluted than expected The latest research was done during the northern winter The high levels in the Northern Hemisphere could be because of this In winter carbon monoxide is destroyed more slowly There are also more fires burned in winter, and possibly industrial processes work harder It could also reflect the ever-increasing number of cars on the roads Optimists hope that the reason why the North has overtaken the South as the major area of carbon monoxide is that at last the burning has stopped, or at least slowed down Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A Global warming B Carbon monoxide in the atmosphere C The warming of the atmosphere D Ozone damage Which of the following is NOT a reason for carbon dioxide? A Ozone damage B Burning of forest C Traffic D Industry According to the author which of the following is a reason why in winter there is more carbon-monoxide in the atmosphere? A Fewer factories are working B There is a decrease in the amount of traffic on the roads C Central heating means there are fewer fires nowadays D Carbon monoxide is not absorbed so fast Why are the optimists happy? A People are buying more cars B There is more carbon dioxide in the North C They are possibly burning fewer forests in the Southern Hemisphere D Industry must be doing better What is the attitude of the author towards the new findings? A He is biased in favor of the South B He is neutral C He agrees with the optimists D He is worried about the North VIII Rewrite the following sentences using the words in the brackets Having been told about the dangers of chemical fertilisers, they turned to bio - fertilisers (Because) Having spent the whole day cleaning up my room, I needed to take a shower and have a rest (Because) Having finished all my homework, I watched my favourite film on TV (After) Having watched the documentary about wildlife, I made a donation to an environmental society (After) Having read the stories about people who reduced their carbon footprint, we started to change our daily consumption habits (After) Having eaten my evening meal, I decided to go for a walk (After) Having managed water resources irresponsibly, the authorities had to deal with water shortages in the region (Since) ... respiration and volcano eruptions and through activities such as deforestation, land use change, and burning fossil fuels A man-made B ordinary-man-made C human natural D natural-human 15 Vietnam... accurate C transparent D benevolent III Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences Planting trees can contribute to reducing global warming as trees and absorb CO in the air... change on humans and nature are _ I believe that the only way for us to reduce global warming is to cut down on _ use Planting trees can contribute to reducing global warming