the Rough Guide japanese phrasebook Compiled by L E X US w w w ro u g h g u i d e s c o m Credits Compiled by Lexus with T Yahata Hyland and Kumi Liley Lexus Series Editor: Sally Davies Rough Guides Reference Director: Andrew Lockett Rough Guides Series Editor: Mark Ellingham First edition published in 1998 by Rough Guides Ltd Revised in 2001 This updated edition published in 2006 by Rough Guides Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL 345 Hudson St, 4th Floor, New York 10014, USA Email: mail@roughguides.co.uk Distributed by the Penguin Group Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL Penguin Putnam, Inc., 375 Hudson Street, NY 10014, USA Penguin Group (Australia), 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia Penguin Books Canada Ltd, 10 Alcorn Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4V 1E4 Penguin Group (New Zealand), Cnr Rosedale and Airborne Roads, Albany, Auckland, New Zealand Typeset in Bembo and Helvetica to an original design by Henry Iles Printed in Italy by LegoPrint S.p.A No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher except for the quotation of brief passages in reviews © Lexus Ltd 2006 304pp British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 13: 978-1-84353-634-5 ISBN 10: 1-84353-634-X The publishers and authors have done their best to ensure the accuracy and currency of all information in The Rough Guide Japanese Phrasebook however, they can accept no responsibility for any loss or inconvenience sustained by any reader using the book Online information about Rough Guides can be found at our website www.roughguides.com contents Introduction Basic Phrases Scenarios 13 English - Japanese 31 Japanese - English� 178 Japanese - English: Signs and Notices� 215 Menu Reader Food �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓����������������������������������� 238 Drink �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓����������������������������������� 258 How the Language Works Pronunciation �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓��������������� 263 Abbreviations �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓�������������� 263 General; Articles; Nouns �����������������������������������尓������������������������ 264 Pronouns �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓������������������������ 265 Possessives �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓����������������� 268 Postpositional Particles �����������������������������������尓������������������������� 269 Verbs �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓���������������������������������� 275 Adjectives �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓���������������������� 279 Adverbs �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓���������������������������� 282 Word Order; ‘Yes’ and ‘No’ �����������������������������������尓������������������ 283 ‘And’ �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓����������������������������������� 284 Masculine and Feminine Forms of Speech ��������������� 285 Counting �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓�������������������������� 286 Dates �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓��������������������������������� 288 Days; Months; Time �����������������������������������尓����������������������������������� 290 Numbers �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓�������������������������� 292 Conversion Tables �����������������������������������尓������������������������������������尓��� 294 T ■ Introduction he Rough Guide Japanese dictionary phrasebook is a highly practical introduction to the contemporary language Laid out in clear A-Z style, it uses key-word referencing to lead you straight to the words and phrases you want – so if you need to book a room, just look up ‘room’ The Rough Guide gets straight to the point in every situation, in bars and shops, on trains and buses, and in hotels and banks The main part of the Rough Guide is a double dictionary: English-Japanese then Japanese-English Before that, there’s a section called Basic Phrases and to get you involved in two-way communication, the Rough Guide includes, in this new edition, a set of Scenario dialogues illustrating questions and responses in key situations such as renting a car and asking directions You can hear these and then download them free from www.roughguides com/phrasebooks for use on your computer or MP3 player Forming the heart of the guide, the English-Japanese section gives easy-to-use transliterations of the Japanese words wherever pronunciation might be a problem Throughout this section, cross-references enable you to pinpoint key facts and phrases, while asterisked words indicate where further information can be found in a section at the end of the book called How the Language Works This section sets out the fundamental rules of the language, with plenty of practical examples You’ll also find here other essentials like numbers, dates, telling the time and basic phrases The Japanese-English section is in two parts: a dictionary, arranged phonetically, of all the words and phrases you’re likely to hear (starting with a section of slang and colloquialisms); then a compilation, arranged by subject, of various signs, labels, instructions and other basic words you may come across in print or in public places Near the back of the book too the Rough Guide offers an extensive Menu Reader Consisting of food and drink sections (each starting with a list of essential terms), it’s indispensable whether you’re eating out, stopping for a quick drink, or browsing through a local food market BASICS Introduction !"#$%&'( tanoshi goryoko o! have a good trip! Basic Phrases BASIC PHRASES yes hai goodbye (formal) sayonara NO xyz{| no (informal) dewa mata ie PQR OK oke STUV }~Ă (between friends) ja ne ÊÔƠƯ see you later! ja, mata! hello Đăâêôơ konÃnichi wa WXYZ[ (on phone) moshi-moshi please (requesting something) \]^_ ®¯°±² good morning yes, please ohayo gozaimasu hai, onegai shimasu good evening could you please ? komban wa -te kuremasen ka? good night (when leaving) thank you osaki ni arigato (when going to bed) oyasuminasai thank you very much `abcdefgh ijklm nop qrstuvw onegai shimasu àảáạằẳ ẵ ặ ầẩẫấậ honto ni arigato gozaimasu !"#$%&'() *+,-./ HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS s Numbers 292 Numbers See Counting pages 286 zero ichi ni san shi go rok shichi hachi kyu 10 ju 11 ju-ichi 12 ju-ni 13 ju-san 14 ju-shi 15 ju-go 16 ju-rok 17 ju-shichi 18 ju-hachi 19 ju-kyu 20 ni-ju 21 ni-ju-ichi 22 ni-ju-ni 30 san-ju 31 san-ju-ichi 32 san-ju-ni 40 yon-ju 50 go-ju 60 rok-ju âê ô đ àả áạ ằ ẳẵ ắ ặầ ẩẫ ấậè ẻẽ éẹ ềểễ ếệì ØÙ ÚÛ ÜÝ 70 shichi-ju 80 hachi-ju 90 kyu-ju 100 hyak 101 hyak-ichi 102 hyak-ni 200 ni-hyak 1,000 sen 2,000 ni-sen 3,000 san-zen 4,000 yon-sen 5,000 go-sen 10,000* ichi-man 20,000 ni-man 1,000,000 hyaku-man ịò ỏ õó ọ ồổ ỗố ộờ ë ìí ỵï ðđ Úđ %& '( )* 10,000,000 is·sem·man +,- 100,000,000 ichi-oku / *For 10,000 and above, use man instead of sen Japanese numbers are written using the Chinese characters (kanji) above if writing vertically; otherwise, when writing left to right, Arabic numbers can be used instead In Japanese, the words used for the dates (1st of March etc) and the ordinals in English sense (for example, ‘third chair from the window’) are different The English ordinals can usually be translated by adding -bam·me to numbers 012 345 678 9:; ?@A BCD EFG HIJ KLM s 1st ichi-bam·me 2nd ni-bam·me 3rd san-bam·me 4th yon-bam·me 5th go-bam·me 6th rok-bam·me 7th nana-bam·me 8th hachi-bam·me 9th kyu-bam·me 10th jyu-bam·me HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS Ordinals See pages 288-289 for the set of ordinals used to form dates Numbers 293 HOW THE LANGUAGE WORKS Conversion Tables centimetre = 0.39 inches inch = 2.54 cm metre = 39.37 inches = 1.09 yards foot = 30.48 cm kilometre = 0.62 miles = 5/8 mile yard = 0.91 m km 30 mile = 1.61 km miles miles km 0.6 1.2 1.9 2.5 3.1 1.6 3.2 4.8 6.4 40 50 100 6.2 12.4 18.6 24.8 31.0 62.1 10 20 30 40 50 100 kilo = 1000 g = 2.2 pounds oz = 28.35 g lb = 0.45 kg 100 250 500 oz 20 8.0 16.1 32.2 48.3 64.4 80.5 161 gram = 0.035 ounces g 10 3.5 8.75 17.5 s 0.5 lb C o n v e r s i o n Ta b l e s kg 1.1 2.2 4.4 6.6 8.8 11.0 13.2 15.4 17.6 19.8 22.0 60 70 80 kg 20 30 40 50 lb 44 66 88 10 110 132 154 176 198 220 lb 0.5 kg 0.2 0.5 0.9 1.4 1.8 2.3 2.7 90 100 3.2 3.6 10 20 4.1 4.5 9.0 litre = 1.75 UK pints / 2.13 US pints UK pint = 0.57 l US pint = 0.47 l UK gallon = 4.55 l US gallon = 3.79 l centigrade / Celsius °C = (°F - 32) x 5/9 °C -5 10 15 18 20 25 30 36.8 °F 23 32 41 50 59 64 68 77 86 98.4 100.4 Fahrenheit 38 °F = (°C x 9/5) + 32 °F 294 23 32 40 50 60 65 70 80 85 98.4 101 °C -5 10 16 18 21 27 29 36.8 38.3 ˉ ˉ ... directions You can hear these and then download them free from www.roughguides com/phrasebooks for use on your computer or MP3 player Forming the heart of the guide, the English -Japanese section gives... ISBN 10: 1-84353-634-X The publishers and authors have done their best to ensure the accuracy and currency of all information in The Rough Guide Japanese Phrasebook however, they can accept no responsibility... just look up ‘room’ The Rough Guide gets straight to the point in every situation, in bars and shops, on trains and buses, and in hotels and banks The main part of the Rough Guide is a double dictionary: