kim sơn vùng đất mở

THlfVlftNTJNHNIB DC 975 LA DANG BAT NHA XUAT-eAM VAN HOA- nrjeNc^xjN LA DANG BAT (Bien sogn) KIM SON VUNG DAT MO ^ <^ ~ jc' -i y' ID • h-'' : ipi^.,; - l^ ^p i \D '^r- C3-> (>_> ra;:^ NHA XUAT BAN VAN HOA - THONG TIN PHAN I QUA TRINH HINH THANH HUYEN KIM SON I - VUNG OAT TRUdC KHI HUYEN KIM SON DUOC THANH LAP Ninh Binh la mot vung dat mcr. Cach ngay nay hc^i 7 the ky, tir khoang cudi the ky XIII, bien cr ngay sat chan ntii Non Nucic (niii Due Thuy) ndm d phfa Dong Bdc thj xa Ninh Binh (nay la thanh pho' Ninh Binh). Thang chap nam Tan Hai (1311) vua Tran Anh Tong than di danh Chiem Thanh, den thang 5 nam Nham Ty (1312) mcii trd v6, ong len tham nui Due Thuy va lam bai tho "Chinh Chiem Thanh hoan cim hgc Phitc Thanh cdng" (Danh Chiem Thanh ve dau thuy6n cr cira bien Phtic Thanh). Phtic Thanh la mot dja danh cira bien, thuoc thanh phd Ninh Binh ngay nay. Trong bai tho co cau: 'Van dgi tinh ky quang hdi tgng Ngil canh tieu co lgc thien cung" (Muon doi cd bay, \aing bien riing Nam canh ken trdng, dieu trdi xa) Ngay nay neu den tham niii Due Tliuy, chiing ta thay phia Bdc va phfa Dong chan mil, Iuai song bien da liem mon quanh, bao got. khoet sau hom vao, lam cho the ntii nhu mudn nho ra de soi tron minh tren tam guoiig dong song Day Nhting dieu do khdng djnh vCing dai Ninh Binh ciich day hom biiy the ky sat chan ntii Due Thuy con la bien ca menh mong. Neu chiing ta di tham Tam Cdc cr thdn Van Lam, xa Ninh Hiii, huyen Hoa Lu cung se thay cac day ntii non cr day, nhat la cr hai ben cira hang Ca, dual chan mii, thay ciic vei 16m sau rong hinh vom, nhan bong nhu mai, ngang deu nhau nhir co vet ke, se hieu ngay rdng xa xira nai day ciing la bi6n ca menh mong song nircSc. Song bien khong ngiing vo hang trieu nam, bao mon, khoet sau ntii da tao nen nhiing ky cong tuyet tac nhu the. Dieu do cung the hien thdi xa xua, viing dai nay cdn la bien ca. Ngay nay xa Yen Lam, huyen Yen Mo la mot vting dai mau mo, dan cu ddng diic. Nhung trudc day vung dai nay cQng la bien cii. Vua Le Thiinh Tdng (1460 - 1497) ghi ki trong bai tho 'Than Phii hdi mon W thi/' (Nghi lai a cira bien Tlian Phu). Trong bai tho cd cau: "Chuong Hoang tdi mdn dien hd thgch La Vien khinh thda cip ldng chdu" (Trucmg Hoang chcr da lap kfn long song La Vien cuoi thuyen nhe nhang de song) Vua Le Thanh Tong da nhac den tfch thdi Hung Vuang, khi vua Nam chinh tdi ctra be Thiin Phu, bong gap mua to gio ldn ciin trcr hon hai ngay. Vua trai giai rdi sai La Vien cuoi thuyen di trudc, mat bien trd lai bang phdng, quan nha vua vucrt qua de dang. Tdi khi chien thang quay ve, ltic ay La Vien da mai, vua ben xudng chieu phong la "Ap Ldng ky nhdn" lap ddn thd d chan niii phfa Nam ctra bidn Than Phu. Hoiing giiip Nguyen Trung Ngan (1289 - 1370) Cling CO bai tha 'Than Ddu cdng khdu vdn hgc" (Chieu hom diiu thuydn d ctra bi6n Thiin Dau). Than Dau cung la Tliiin Phu. Tidn st Nguydn Trai (1380 - 1442) kii cd bai tha 'Than Phii hdi khdu" (Cua bidn Than Phu) Ngay ca ca dao da cd ciiu: "Lenh denh qua hien Than Phii. Kheo tu thi noi vung tu thi chim" ctra bidn Tlidn Phti den thdi Hau Ld mdi boi ddp hd't, ngay nay la dai xa Yen Lam, huydn Ydn Md. Ndu nhi5ng dieu trdn de chting ta hieu viing da't Ninh Binh xa xua khdng rong lon nhu bay gid. Do bid'n ICii xa dan, da't bdi md ra ndn mdi cd thdm vung dat cua huydn Ydn Khanh va mot sd xa d huydn Ydn Mo. Dd'n thdi Minh Miing (1820 - 1840) phia Nam vCing da't Ninh Binh lai md rong thdm. Trudc nam 1829, viing da't nay d ven bidn thuoc phu Trudng Ydn vdi didn tich han 3.000 mdu. Sd dl Ninh Binh cd them viing da't ven bien dd, la do nd nam trong vting ha lun chau thd sdng Hdng, cd nhieu phti sa lan ra bien. Hang nam, trung binh phii sa lan ra bien ttr 80 dd'n 100 m, nhung lai d didn rt5ng. Dieu dd chung td toe do bdi tu da't d day rat nhanh. Nd'u so sanh vdi viing dat huydn NghTa Hung, tinh Nam Djnh va vting dat huydn Tien Hai, tinh Thai Binh ngay nay, thi viing da't huydn Kim San, tinh Ninh Binh cd tdc do boi tu nhanh han cii. Nd'u "So ven toe do hoi tu hien cua cdc chdu tho khdc tren the giai thi tdc do hoi tu nay chi kem co song Mixixipi a Bdc My (120mllndm) ma thoi. Nhung su hoi tu eua chdu tho Mixixipi duac tien 8 hanh theo kieu ehdn vit chd khong phdi tren mot dien rgng"'". Trong thd' ky XIX dat bdi lan ra bien d Kim San khoang tCr 10 dd'n 12 km. Trong khi dd d Tien Hai chi cd 5 km. Tir nam 1830, cu 10 nam viing da't Kim Son tidn ra bien ducrc 1 km. Dieu dac bidt niia la viing dat nay lai cd hdn Ne chdn bdn ngoai lam cho mat nudc ben trong kha yen lang. Nd'u ndi mot each hinh tucmg thi nd dupc ndm trong "hong song". Y)6 la mot sti uu dai ctia thidn nhidn gianh cho Ninh Binh ma khdng ma'y noi cd dugc. Dai da't ven bien nay cd dja hinh thap dan ttr Tay Bdc xud'ng Ddng Nam. Phia Tay Bdc giap vdi huyen Ydn Md va huydn Ydn Khiinh dai thudng cao han va it man. Cdn phia Ddng Nam giap vdi sdng Day va bien thi do chua man nhieu hon. Nhin chung, day la vung dai chua, nudc man, cay cd moc um tiim, chu yd'u la cd lau. Vung da't nay lai tuong dd'i bdng phdng, cdt da't trung binh so vdi mat nudc bien ttr 0,8 dd'n Im, nai cao nhai la 2 m, nai tha'p nha't la 0,5 m. {\) - Le Bii Thdo - Thien nhien Viet Nam - NXB Khoa hoc va Ky thudt - Hd Ngi - 1977 - trang 141. 142. Gia pha ho Pham d xa Chai Tlianh (nay la xa Chat Binh, huydn Kim San) da ghi: "Lite den (vimg ddt ndy) mudi keu nhif siim. lau lach mgc day dong, nuac man lien trai; nai cd tif do hai loi, cd viing ddt rgng menh mong khong co hong ngifoi cif tni, chi co nlu'fng ngifdi ddnh cd thuang xuyen di lai bang van luat tao nen nlulng lach nifac chdy". Ca mot vung da't nay deu sinh lay, hoang vu, dd'n miia nudc len la chim ngap dudi lan nudc mdnh mdng. Nhu'ng viing da't nay liii cd thuan lgi lon la mau mo, thudng xuydn cd phii sa bdi dap do cd mot sd sdng tu nhidn nhu sdng Day, sdng Vac (cdn goi la sdng Tri Chfnh) va sdng Can. Sdng Day nam d phfa Ddng Nam huydn Kim Son ngay nay, bat dau ttr xa Xuan Thien rdi do ra bien Ddng d ctra Day. Nd la gianh gidi giira huydn Kim San va huydn NghTa Hung (Nam Djnh). Sdng Vac bat dau tii huydn Hoa Lu, chiiy qua cac huydn Ydn Md, Ydn Khanh, rdi tii xa Ydn Mat chay vao sdng Day, qua cira Dai Giang, hay cdn goi la Kim Dai do ra bien. Sdng Can tir huydn Ydn Md chay vd Kim Son d phia Tay giap Thanh Hoa. Sdng Day d phfa Ddng, sdng Can d phfa Tay nhu vdng tay khdng Id giang rdng dm lay vung dai bai bdi. Hang nam, cac con sdng nay dua phti sa lam cho vting dai d day ludn mau md. 10 [...]... lai, tran thid't cac dd nghi trucmg rat long trgng, xem dng nhu mgt vj than sd'ng Do dd, cd vidn quan thj vd tha'y vay, bja dat tau ldn vua Tu Dtic rdng: dng cd y mud'n cam dau dan hai huydn Tidn Hai, Kim Scm lam phiin Vua Tu Diic ddi dng vao Kinh tra hdi Ong trinh bay ro su tinh, roi lai dugc cac quan trong trieu va cac tinh Bdc ky deu dang sd kdu oan cho dng Vua Tu Dtic mdi cap tien 16 phi cho dng... khan ruting da't, chidu mg dan luu vong, vdi cuong vj Doiinh dien sii' - ngu'di tong chi huy toan bg c6ng vide khan hoiing ttr dau dd'n kd't thiic, da lap ra dugc hai huydn: Tien Hai (Tliiii Binh) va Kim Son (Ninh Binh) Co the noi day hi mgt sU nghidp hidn hach cua Nguydn C6ng Trii ma ngay nay chiing ta phiii kham phuc 15 Khong chl cd cdng lao ldn dd, Nguydn Cdng Trii cdn la mdt nha tha ndi tid'ng... Nguydn C6ng Tni la the hien tfnh phong tiing trong tho, vi ong vdn la ngudi tfnh tinh phdng tiing Trach tinh nhan Diing ntii ndy trong ntii ng cao Nhdn tinh a hd hiet ldm sao? Nghi minh chua phdi tinh Kim Trgng, Md do dd mang ncf Thuy Kieu Non nudc nudc non ngao ngdn noi, Cd hoa hoa cd ngdn nga chieu Vudn hoa kia deal rong rd Ong hucfm xong pha ddng cung nhieu! Tdm liii, tho cting nhu cudc ddi, dng... ong la chi sau mgt nam, vdi cuong vj Doanh didn sii, da lam ndn mgt sir nghidp hien hach la khai khiin diii hoang vting ven bien Nam Djnh va Ninh Binh, thanh lap dugc hai huyen: Tien Hiii niim 1828, va Kim Son nam 1829 20 L2 - Nhung giai thoai ve Nguyen Cdng Trii '": * Ngdng ngay tii liic chao dtri cho den khi chet! Ngay 1 thang 11 nam Mau Tuai (1778), tiii tu gia ctia vidn quan Tri huydn Quynh C6i, . NHA XUAT BAN VAN HOA - THONG TIN PHAN I QUA TRINH HINH THANH HUYEN KIM SON I - VUNG OAT TRUdC KHI HUYEN KIM SON DUOC THANH LAP Ninh Binh la mot vung dat mcr. Cach ngay nay hc^i . thd' ky XIX dat bdi lan ra bien d Kim San khoang tCr 10 dd'n 12 km. Trong khi dd d Tien Hai chi cd 5 km. Tir nam 1830, cu 10 nam viing da't Kim Son tidn ra bien ducrc 1. sdng Can. Sdng Day nam d phfa Ddng Nam huydn Kim Son ngay nay, bat dau ttr xa Xuan Thien rdi do ra bien Ddng d ctra Day. Nd la gianh gidi giira huydn Kim San va huydn NghTa Hung (Nam Djnh). Sdng