Subject 3 Biological Waste Management

Subject 3 Biological Waste Management Subject 3 Biological Waste Management HV NGUYỄN HOÀNG MỸ LỚP CNSH 2007  Not only must care be taken when working with biological agents (viruses, bacteria, fungi[.]

Subject Biological Waste Management HV: NGUYỄN HOÀNG MỸ LỚP: CNSH 2007    Not only must care be taken when working with biological agents (viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites etc), but also when managing the resulting waste How the waste is treated depends upon the characteristics of the waste (solid, liquid, mix) and the associated risk of the biological agent Treatment for decontamination: chemical agents (bleach, ethanol, etc ), or physical means (autoclaving, incineration, etc.) WASTE MANAGEMENT  There are a number of concepts about waste management which vary in their usage between countries or regions Some of the most general, widely-used concepts include:    Waste hierarchy (phân cấp) Extended producer responsibility (tăng trách nhiệm cho sản phẩm) Polluter pays principle (quy định trả cho phí ô nhiễm) Waste hierarchy (phân cấp)   Refers to the "3 Rs" reduce, reuse and recycle, which classify waste management strategies according to their desirability in terms of waste minimization The aim of the waste hierarchy is to extract the maximum practical benefits from products and to generate the minimum amount of waste Extended producer responsibility  Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is a (gia tăng trách nhiệm sản xuất) strategy designed to promote the integration of all  costs associated with products throughout their life cycle (including end-of-life disposal costs) into the market price of the product EPR is meant to impose accountability over the entire lifecycle of products and packaging introduced to the market This means that firms which manufacture, import and/or sell products are required to be responsible for the products after their useful life as well as during manufacture Polluter pays principle (qui định phí nhiễm)   The Polluter Pays Principle is a principle where the polluting party pays for the impact caused to the environment With respect to waste management, this generally refers to the requirement for a waste generator to pay for appropriate disposal of the waste BIOLOGICAL WASTE Infectious Waste- Cultures, stocks of infectious agents and associated biological, including but not limited to:  • Regulated medical waste  • Specimens from medical, pathology and research laboratories  • Disposable culture dishes  • Devices used to transfer, inoculate, and mix cultures  • Wastes from the production of biological  • Discarded live and attenuated vaccine BIOLOGICAL WASTE Pathological Waste- Human blood, blood products, tissue, organs and body fluids that are removed during surgery, autopsy or other teaching or research procedures including specimens and their containers BIOLOGICAL WASTE All sharps (contaminated and uncontaminated) such as:  • Needles and syringes  • Scalpels, razors and microtome blades  • Pasteur pipettes  • Transfer pipette tips  • Dental wire  • Slides and cover slips  • Contaminated broken glass  • Any object that is capable of penetrating the skin WASTE MANAGEMENT BIOLOGICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT A) Liquids containing Biohazardous Agents  Collect liquids in leak-proof containers such as flasks or bottles  Liquid waste containers designed to withstand autoclaving temperatures must be used when steam sterilization is utilized  To allow pressure equalization, they should not be sealed BIOLOGICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT B) Solids Containing Biohazardous Agents  Non-sharp, solid laboratory waste (empty plastic cell culture flasks and petri dishes, empty plastic tubes, gloves, wrappers, absorbent tissues, etc.) contaminated with viable biological agents should be collected in autoclavable bags.  These plastic bags display the biohazard warning symbol and are available from Stores in the Medical Sciences Building BIOLOGICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT   For laboratories generating large volumes of agar gel in disposable petri dishes and tubes requiring sterilization, such waste should be collected in a white plastic 20 litre pail in the laboratory Autoclavable bags filled with plasticware containing agar gel tend to leak fluids during and after the sterilization process The pail will contain the liquids released by the agar gel After autoclaving and cooling, the pail must be placed beside other waste awaiting removal by service workers BIOLOGICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT c) Sterilization and Disinfection   Inactivate the biological agents by employing either chemical disinfection or steam sterilization procedures Autoclaving (steam sterilization) is the preferred (and generally regarded as the most reliable) method of sterilizing biological waste BIOLOGICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT   Depending on the volume of waste to be sterilized, it may be necessary to extend the duration of exposure to high temperature steam under pressure Containers of liquid waste must be placed into an autoclavable tray or pan of sufficient capacity to contain all liquid in the event of vessel failure or breakage inside the autoclave chamber Use extreme caution when handling autoclaved liquids since they are hot and may boil over BIOLOGICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT  Autoclavable bags of solid waste should be closed but not sealed airtight to allow steam penetration before they are placed into the autoclave chamber After autoclaving andcooling, these bags of autoclaved waste must be placed into a black plastic garbage bag LABELLING   No specific labelling is required Service workers will remove unlabelled black garbage bags   Service workers have been instructed to not remove bags of waste displaying the biohazard warning symbol and to not remove bags of solid waste containing glass or sharp objects ... environment With respect to waste management, this generally refers to the requirement for a waste generator to pay for appropriate disposal of the waste BIOLOGICAL WASTE Infectious Waste- Cultures, stocks... spill clean ups WASTE MANAGEMENT BIOLOGICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT A) Liquids containing Biohazardous Agents  Collect liquids in leak-proof containers such as flasks or bottles  Liquid waste containers... generally regarded as the most reliable) method of sterilizing biological waste BIOLOGICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT   Depending on the volume of waste to be sterilized, it may be necessary to extend the