Tr­êng ®¹i häc b¸ch khoa hµ néi Trung t©m tÝnh to¸n hiÖu n¨ng cao

Tr­êng ®¹i häc b¸ch khoa hµ néi Trung t©m tÝnh to¸n hiÖu n¨ng cao Bai giang ngon ngu lap trinh C (c) Nguyen Quang Huy 12/2000 1 Tr­êng­®¹i­häc­b¸ch­khoa­hµ­néiTr­êng­®¹i­häc­b¸ch­khoa­hµ­néi Ng«n ng÷[.]

Tr­êng­®¹i­häc­b¸ch­khoa­hµ­néi Ng«n ng÷ lËp tr×nh C Ngêi so¹n: NguyÔn Quang Huy 12/2000 Bai giang ngon ngu lap trinh C - 1 Ch¬ng 1 C¬ b¶n vÒ ng«n ng÷ c Tæng­quan­vÒ­ng«n­ng÷­C CÊu­tróc­chung­cña­mét­ch­¬ng­ tr×nh­C C¸c­thµnh­phÇn­c¬­b¶n­cña­ ng«n­ng÷ C¸c­kiÓu­d÷­liÖu­c¬­b¶n C¸c­cÊu­tróc­lÖnh­c¬­b¶n­trong­ C Vµo­ra­trong­C Bai giang ngon ngu lap trinh C 2 Tæng quan vÒ ng«n ng÷ c Do­B.W.Kerninghan­&­D.M.Ritchie­(1970)­ph¸t­ triÓn­t¹i­Bell­lab T¹i­sao­l¹i­sö­dông­C? • NNLT­v¹n­n¨ng • TÝnh­kh¶­chuyÓn­(portability) • §é­thÝch­nghi­cao,­tÝnh­mÒm­dÎo,­NNLT­ chuyªn­nghiÖp • TÝnh­hiÖu­qu¶ Bai giang ngon ngu lap trinh C - 3 CÊu tróc chung cña mét ch¬ng tr×nh C #include­ #include­ /*­Ch­¬ng­tr×nh­chÝnh­ */ void­main() { ­­printf(“Hello,­ world!\n”); ­­/*­§îi­Ên­mét­phÝm­*/ ­­getch(); } PhÇn­dÉn­h­íng­biªn­ dÞch PhÇn­khai­b¸o PhÇn­ch­¬ng­tr×nh­ chÝnh Bai giang ngon ngu lap trinh C - 4 C¸c thµnh phÇn c¬ b¶n cña ng«n ng÷ Bé­ch÷­viÕt:­  ph©n­biÖt­ch÷­hoa­vµ­ch÷­th­êng Tªn:  quy­t¾c­®Æt­tªn Tõ­kho¸:­asm,­break,­case,­char,­const,­ continue,­if,­ C¸c­kiÓu­d÷­liÖu­c¬­b¶n C¸c­biÕn C¸c­h»ng BiÓu­thøc Bai giang ngon ngu lap trinh C - 5 C¸c kiÓu d÷ liÖu c¬ b¶n KiÓu KÝch thíc char int long unsigned float double Ph¹m vi 0 255 -32768 32767 -2147483648 2147484647 0 65535 3.4e-38 3.4e+38 1.7e-308 1.7e+308 Bai giang ngon ngu lap trinh C - 1 byte 2 bytes 4 bytes 2 bytes 4 bytes 8 bytes 6 Khai b¸o biÕn [ = ]; • Gi¸­trÞ­cña­biÕn­cã­thÓ­®­îc­khëi­g¸n­khi­khai­ b¸o VÝ­dô: int i, j; float f; char ch, ch1 = ‘A’, ch2 = ‘\n’; double eps = 1E-6; Bai giang ngon ngu lap trinh C - 7 Khai b¸o h»ng • H»ng­t­îng­tr­ng: #define VÝ­dô: #define MAX 100; #define ECHO "DHBK Hanoi" • H»ng­biÕn: const =; VÝ­dô: const long MAX = 100L; const char ECHO[30] = "DHBK Hanoi"; Bai giang ngon ngu lap trinh C - 8 BiÓu thøc (1/5) • • • • C¸c­phÐp­to¸n­sè­häc:­+,­-,­*,­/,­%,­C¸c­phÐp­to¸n­quan­hÖ:­>,­=,­­­­ i­+=­exp; Bai giang ngon ngu lap trinh C - 10 ... • • C¸c­phÐp? ?to¸n? ?sè? ?häc: ­+,­-,­*,­/,­%,­C¸c­phÐp? ?to¸n? ?quan­hƯ:­>,­=,­