DỊCH ĐẠI CƯƠNG 1 in the English sentence is usually a noun phrase, pronouns, proper names, to infinitives, gerunds, or clauses d The subject 2 is characterized by keeping the main ideagist of a text,.
DỊCH ĐẠI CƯƠNG …………… in the English sentence is usually a noun phrase, pronouns, proper names, to-infinitives, gerunds, or clauses d The subject ………………….is characterized by keeping the main idea/gist of a text, omitting all of its supporting details and subsidiary arguments a Gist translation …………sits next to or behind his “client” doing a great variety of activities under different names: “community interpreting”, “public service interpreting”, “hospital interpreting”, “mental health interpreting” and “social service interpreting” a The interpreter ……………is featured by the fact that grammatical structures and the meaning of words are translated almost as closely as those in the target language without paying attention to the situation or context b Literal translation ………………………is based on the meaning of the text which aims to produce the message of the original but tends to distort nuances of meaning by using idioms and colloquialism where there n ot exist in the original a Idiomatic translation ………… is the language to which the text to be translated belongs In other words, the source language is prior to translation c The source language 7.……is the interpreter of the source text, and the producer of the final interpretation which determines the meaning(s) which readers of the translation will read a The translator 8.……………to whom the translated text is addressed are native or non-native users of the target language b The readers 9.………………should be aware of the concepts muli-words convey and the rules how to make and write compound words in English a Translators 10…………… translation (or sometimes direct/interlinear translation) focuses on translating words from the source text into the target language while the word order of the original is preserved b Word for word 11 A text could be translated into anything, ranging from one sentence to usually one third of the original length, depending ………………… d on specific situations 12 A Vietnamese-English translated text should follow the language rules…………… social-cultural features of the English - not Vietnamese language and vice versa d and 13 Adaptation can also be considered a translation technique used when the context in the original text …… …………………………… in the Target Text culture b does not exist 14 Adaptation translation aims to create an equivalence of ………… …………………… applicable to a different situation than that of the source language a the same value 15 A satisfactory translation is always possible, but a good translator is never satisfied ………it a With 16 Adaptation is a highly free type of translation Here the focus is on sociocultural phenomena or ………………that are absent in the target culture c practices 17 A sentence is a group of words conveying a complete idea which normally contain a subject and a verb predicate………………… b in “finite” forms 18 A simultaneous translator changes what ……………………in one language into another language as someone is speaking c is being said 19 As indicated by the word “free”, free translation (sometimes dynamic translation) focuses more …… than form in the target language a on content 20 At the beginning of the 1970s, the focus shifted from the word or phrase …… the text as a unit of translation c To 21 A consecutive interpreter is one whose job is to change what………………… in one language into another language a has been said 22 “business is business” could be translated …………… as Công việc công việc, không chen tình cảm vào d Freely 23 As can be seen from above, the English sentence is mechanically indicated by means of a period/stop (.), a question mark (?) or an exclamation mark (!) – never by a comma (,) -…………………… b at the end in writing 24 As for noun phrases (NP), the noun (common noun: love, proper noun: Mai, and pronoun: you) is ………of the phrase b Head 25 A text could be translated into anything, ranging from one sentence to usually one third of the …………………length, depending on specific situations d original 26 Certain strategies ………………… those differences; for example, certain expressions or key terms in their text-to-be need to be selected c to deal with 27 compared with ………………text, the target language translated text may be so long, longer, or even shorter and may have new features which may not be found in the source language a the source language 28 Communicative translation gives high priority to the message communicated in the text where the actual form of the original is not closely bound to ………………… a its intended meaning 29 Concept is used in this section to refer not to the form (word) but only ……… the meaning in any given language d To 30 Connotation is subjective by the language users, and can be influenced by d many factors 31 Coordinating conjunctions are only in mid-position whereas conjunctions can be in initial or mid-position in the sentence d Subordinating 32 During preparations for simultaneous………………… , the interpreters’ booth, if not fixed, should be positioned so that the interpreters can see the speakers b Interpretation 33 English prepositions are usually single words in, at, on ; …………, there are some prepositions that look like a phrase, phrasal prepositions: because of, in spite of c However 34 English vocabulary mostly consists in single words, but …………… of multiword vocabulary is not small a the amount 35 Faced by a text in a language, as student translators, you should analyze the text by asking and …………………………….several questions c Answering 36 Faithful translation can be described as one kind of translation which tries ………of words and context situation according to the grammar rules of the target language d to convey the meanings 37 Figurative meaning is based on or makes use of figures of ………………such as metaphor (an implied comparison between two things with the same characteristic c Speech 38 For simultaneous interpretation, microphones, earphones and a booth are necessary ……………… d technical equipment 39 Gist translation can be used in language learning situations (using the same language) ………at a written test a to summarize a written text 40 He or she reformulates the translation according to the grammar rules, …………… , cultural norms in the target language a word usage 41 However, grammatical words in general and articles and prepositions in might cause headache to translators a particular 42 Idiomatic translation can be applied to the English sentence that describes the degree of the sameness of the two girls’ appearance “ They look ………… the same” (Chúng giống hai giọt nước) c Exactly 43 If any key words are …………… , the text will need to be checked carefully for consistency in the change made a Changed 44 If any key words are changed, the text will need to be checked carefully for consistency in the change……………… b made 45 If the source text is taken to be the starting point of the translation process, then the translated text is the text which results from ……… d the translation process 46 In ……………………… the form of the source language is replaced by the form of the receptor/target language b Translation 47 In addition………… the changes resulting from the movement from one language to another, translation necessarily changes the receiver or addressee of the text c to 48 In the history of translation development there have been a great number of terms: literal, free, literary, non-literary, borrowing, equivalence, figurative, so on ……… c and so forth 49 In English, the negation of the verb in the first clause stands for ……………………………… in the following clause a the negation of the verb 50 In English, the …………… phrase can be used after a verb, an adjective, or a noun and depend on them c Prepositional 51 In English-Vietnamese translation of the predicate verb, the meanings of time and aspect can ……………………to such words as đã, sẽ, sắp, đang… c Correspond 52 In other words, adaptation translation aims to create an equivalence of the same value …………………… to a different situation c Applicable 53 In some cases a prepositional phrase at the beginning of the English sentence may …………………that it is the subject of the sentence: c make the translator misunderstand 54 In the other theory of translation, the predominant purpose is……… , but rather moves in its new dress with the same ease as in its native rendering a to produce a result that does not read like a translation at all 55 In this situation the translator’s task is recreate some form of language ……………the same meaning b to convey 56 In Vietnamese, words that correspond to both lexical ………………… grammatical words in English are numerous c And 57 In word formation, morphemes which occur at the end of a word are called c Suffixes 58 In word formation, morphemes which occur at the front of a word are called c prefixes 59 It can be said that language cannot exist without words Word …………………….is the reflection of human perception of the world d categorization 60 It goes without saying that all the types of translation mentioned above may ………… justified in particular circumstances b be 61 It is also very useful for the translator ……………………and analyze the original text before translating it into the target language d to understand 68 Practically, whether ………………is termed as ‘Translation Theory’ or ‘Translation Studies’ it culminates with the theory on proper principles of translation a the study of translation 69 Polysemes can be compared with homonyms, which are words with several meanings d Unrelated 70 Remember that all of our verbalizing must be done in the target language now We must ………… between alternatives and produce a text that is sequentially complete c Choose 71 Since the mid-1970s the name ‘Translation Studies’ has been adopted to indicate that the …….……………………is not just a minor branch of comparative literary study, nor yet a specific area of linguistics, but a vastly complex field b study of translation 72 Semantic translation focuses to a great degree on ……………… and form (syntax) of the original texts of high status d meaning (semantic content) 73 Semantically, the meaning of a word includes a number of meaning components classified as things, events, attributes or relations which are combined ……………… lexical items d into 74 Sometimes the grammar structure or the form of the words in the target language may ………………… b change 75 Syntactical forms which ………… used to express grammatical meanings of the verb in English sentences are obligatory, b are 76 The of words in Vietnamese does not seem to be so distinctive: word classes not have their typical forms, their forms never change in the sentence d Classification 77 The …………………………….in the English sentence usually stands right after the subject, giving information about the subject b verb predicate 78 The choice of the right word in the receptor language to translate a word in the source-language text depends more ………than upon a fixed system of verbal consistency b on the context 79 The classifications of translation types are many according to different points of view, based on either structure, function, or ……… b semantics of language 80 The classification of words in Vietnamese does not seem to be so distinctive: word classes not have their typical forms, their forms never change in the sentence d Classification 81 The elements of translation interact as elements achieving one function, in ……each element relates to one or more of the rest b Which 82 The forms are ……………… to as the surface structure of a language d Referred 83 The language of translation is ……………… from the translated text, reflecting the translator's interpretations, the translator's strategies and the translator's abilities b Perceived 84 The language of translation is perceived from the translated text, …………………….the translator's interpretations, the translator's strategies and the translator's abilities b reflecting 85 The linguistic approaches basically …………… translating as a codeswitching operation c Saw 86 The instructor can then hope to measure the students’ linguistic competence by a means of the target language products 87 The linguistic approaches basically saw translating as …………………………… b a code-switching operation 88 The manner in which the target reader responds to the target text must be the same as that in which the source reader responded to ………………… c the source text 89 The meaning of words are translated almost as ……………… as those in the target language without paying attention to the situation or context b closely 90 The number of words and the sentence length may vary, depending on the ……………….of the translator when he/she adds explanations or comments to make clear the meaning of the original a Subjectivity 91 The predominant purpose of theories of translation is ………… of every word and phrase in the original b to express as exactly as possible the full force and meaning 92 The presentation here is conducted in a systematic manner with ……… restricted interactivity and closeness and much faster than consecutive interpretation c Somewhat 93 The producer of the final interpretation …………………… determines the meaning(s) which readers of the translation will read b Which 94 The readers to whom the ………………… text is addressed are native or nonnative users of the target language b Translated 95 The sentence is structurally made up of a group of words which has subject and …………… as indispensible elements; the complement, object and adverbial are optional: d verb predicate 96 The source language, as has been seen earlier, is not only the very central and initial point for the …………….of the translation process but also is the background for all translation processes d Start 97 The source-language content, form, style, function, etc must be preserved, or at least that the translation must seek ………….them as far as possible a to preserve 98 The stage of editing the translated text which …………… the form of a careful last-minute checking and correcting of possible mistakes or other inaccuracies is implemented in most cases of translation a takes 99 The target language is the language into which ……………………from another language is translated c a text 100 The theory of translation involves normative approaches, putting a strong emphasis on prescribing to translators how to and …………… b how not to translate 101 The three elements of source language, source text, and translator, theoretically and ……… precede the translated text c Practically 102 The translated text is the actual definite material, …………has been produced by conveying the meaning of a source text in terms of another language and culture a Which 103 The translated text is the actual definite material, which has been produced by …………………… of a source text in terms of another language and culture c conveying the meaning 104 The translator also has to solve, ………………., matters involving text adjustments in terms of additions, omissions and adaptations d in mind 105 The translator, like the linguist who ………… all human languages to be on an equal footing, is among the first candidate to be liberated from the dominance of one language/culture b takes 106 The translator is unable to change any aspect of the source language Rather, many aspects of the translator's work are conditioned and determined by………………… d the source language 107 The translator begins drafting the translation piece by piece, section …………… by using the lexis and structures a by section 108 The translator should examine his reasons for choosing the text and the potential for its use by the ……………………….audience b Receptor language 109 The translator should try ……… in the text those differences (usually by underlining) both in linguistic and cultural aspects between the source and target language c to find 110 The translator should remember … the zero article with plural count nouns in English to mean generally c to use 111 The translator discovers the meaning behind the forms in the source language and does his best to produce the same meaning …………………………………………… a in the target language 112 The translator has to think over his/her translation to suit a reader according to the reader’s social norms in the target language, so the language of translation is … b social 113 The translator must strive for equivalence rather than identity In a sense this is just another way of emphasizing ………………….rather than the conservation of the form of the utterance c the reproduction of the message 114 The translator is …………element in translation, since the study of translation and the language of translation is no more than the study of the translator’s linguistic ability a the most important 115 The translator tries to come as close as possible to the meaning conveyed by the words, by means of word order change or word choice so that the true meaning is ……… b conveyed 116 The translator is supposed to be beyond the influences of the social and ………… environment of any of the two languages d Cultural 117 The translator’s judgments, strategies and manipulations ………………all potentially exist in the translator’s interpretation of the source text and the formulation of the translated text which is governed by the target language a Do 118 There are a variety of cultural elements to take into……………… when starting a translation a consideration 119 There is any place where information has been added, omitted, or subtracted c subtracted 120 There is some unusuality or ……… in the target language c Unnaturalness 121 There is no article in Vietnamese whereas the ………….of article: indefinite articles a, an, definite article the, or zero article is a must in English noun phrases c Use 122 There will be words which …………….some of the meaning components combined in them matching a word which has these components with some additional ones b have 123 Things are defined as all animate beings and all inanimate entities Events include all actions, processes, ……… experiences c And 124 This means that the translator has, ………………….the pressure of deadlines, more time than the interpreter (especially the simultaneous interpreter) to process the source text thoroughly a Despite 125 Today, roughly speaking, three ………………….of interpreting are practiced: liaison, consecutive and simultaneous interpreting c Forms 126 To have interpretation as precise as possible, they should make regular shorter breaks to enable the interpreters …………………….the message in the same spirit a to relay 127 to translate means “……………… a text in a target setting for a target purpose and target addresses in target circumstances” b to produce 128 Translation, by dictionary definition, consists of changing from one state or form to another, to turn into ………………or another’s language d one’s own 129 Translation is rendering a written text into another language in a way that the …………… intended the text b Author 130 Translation it must be conceived as an integral communicative……………………… a Performance 131 Translation has become popular in language learning and daily life So far, there have been ………………………definitions of translation a many 132 Translation has become popular in language learning and daily life So far, there have been many ……… ……………… of translation, d definitions 133 Translation is the ……………… of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language b Replacement 134 Translation is the expression in another language (target language) of what has been expressed in one language (………………………), preserving semantic and stylistic equivalencies b source language 135 Translation is the expression in another language (target language) of what has been expressed in one language (source language), preserving………………………… a semantic and stylistic equivalencies 136 Translation may be defined as follows: the replacement of textual material in one language (Source Ianguage.) by ………………… in another language (Target Language) c equivalent material 137 Translation should ensure that the ……… meaning of the two will be approximately similar a surface 138 Translation Studies, indeed a discipline in its own right, aims ……… which can be used as a guideline for the production of translations a to produce a comprehensive theory 139 Translation theory includes principles for translating figurative language, dealing with lexical mismatches, rhetorical questions, inclusion of cohesion markers, and d many other topics crucial to good translation 140 Translation theory includes ……………………….for translating figurative language, dealing with lexical mismatches, rhetorical questions, inclusion of cohesion markers, and many other topics crucial to good translation b Principles 141 Translating may be defined as the process of ……………………signs or representations into other signs or representations a Transforming 142 Translating must aim primarily at …………………………………….To anything else is essentially false to one’s task as a translator a “reproducing the message.” 143 Translators have to make sure that they ………………….a text well in the original language c understand 144 Translators should define both subject and verb predicate at …………… time if they want to translate a sentence c the same 145 Translators should define proper verbs of English to go with the subject, either …………………….: be, get, become or action/dynamic verbs run, work to follow the subject d linking/static verbs 146 Translators should rely on the context to select the right word; in …………… about which word to be used, they could consult a dictionary of synonyms and antonyms or any thesaurus for help a case of doubt 147 Translators should use procedures of tranposition to render from the Source Language texts …………as to suit the Target Language grammar rules c in such ways 148 Typically, two interpreters are placed together in a booth, and they follow an audio-transmission of speeches and …………………… a interpret them directly 149 Verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, interjections, prepositions, articles and pronouns are called parts of ………………… c Speech 150 Vietnamese is a…………………………………….language Vietnamese words not change their forms c non-inflectional 151 What is generally understood as translation involves the …………… of a source language text into the target text a rendering 152 What the interpreter is unable to grasp in his first and only confrontation with the text is …………….forever c Lost 153 When a word has one morpheme, the morpheme belongs to the ……………… category girl, house, do… which cannot be divided into smaller meaningful units a Free/root 154 When analyzing the text for translation ……………… the first time, the translator needs to find answers to these questions: b for 155 when meeting for the first time, ………………………… when introduced to a guest, English people often say: How you do? as a greeting b Especially 156 whereas the interpreter is faced with a unique, orally delivered text, the translator has ……………………of “flicking back” through the permanently available written text b the possibility 157 While the source text is addressed to a certain …………………, the translated text changes this factor in the situation of the language event to new readers in a new language b Readership