12 RELATIVE CLAUSE ( MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ) I ĐỊNH NGHĨA là MỆNH ĐỀ TÍNH NGỮ , hình thức là một MỆNH ĐỀ ( S+ V ), chức năng như một ADJ, bổ nghĩa cho Noun đứng trước R C ( RELATIVE CLAUSE) The woman who is.
1 RELATIVE CLAUSE ( MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ) ĐỊNH NGHĨA: I MỆNH ĐỀ TÍNH NGỮ , hình thức MỆNH ĐỀ ( S+ V…), chức ADJ, bổ nghĩa cho Noun đứng trước R.C ( RELATIVE CLAUSE) The woman who is sitting next to my friend Movies that have happy endings II ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ : ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ ( RELATIVE PRONOUN ) that/ who/ whom/ which/ whose+N Đại từ từ thay cho Noun R.C Làm S/O WHO Làm S/O R.C, thay N người N(person) WHO + V … N(person) WHO + S+ V… Ex: • WHOM I really like the woman who(s’) lives (v’) next to my house • The girl who(o’) you(s) like(v) has a boyfriend Làm O R.C, thay noun người N(person) WHOM + S+ V… WHICH N(thing) WHICH + V … N(thing) WHICH + S+ V… ****NOTE: Trường hợp đặc biệt, R.C bắt đầu which bổ nghĩa cho câu phía trước He passed the exam, which makes me surprised = He passed the exam and this makes me surprised THAT N(thing/person) THAT + V … N(thing/person) THAT+ S+ V… WHOSE + N N(thing/person) {WHOSE+N} + V … N(thing/person) {WHOSE +N}+ S+ V… The girl whom(o’) you(s) like(v) has a boyfriend Làm S/O, thay N vật • The machine which broke down yesterday is working again now • The machine which my father bought yesterday is working well Làm S/O, thay cho N người/ vật, dùng Defining R.C (mệnh đề xác định) THAY THẾ CHO TÍNH TỪ SỬ HỮU (MY/HER/THEIR/ OUR/ YOUR/ ITS/ OF/ ‘S…) • I have just met a person whose brother I study the same class as III RELATIVE CLAUSE ( MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ) TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ ( relative ADVERB) WHEN = IN/ON/AT +WHICH Thay cho ADV làm ADV R.C Thay cho ADV_TIME Prep (in/ on/ at ) + N(time) adv_time N(time) + WHEN +S + V… Ex: In September; On that day; at that time … I always remember the day I met my husband on that day( adv_time ) I always remember the day when I met my husband WHERE = IN/ON/AT +WHICH Thay cho ADv nơi chôn Prep _ N(nơi chốn ) adv_place N(PLACE) + WHERE +S + V… Ex: here, there, at home, in Vietnam, in Da Nang City Da Nang is a worth-living city I was born in Da Nang (adv_place) Da Nang, where I was born, is a worth-living city WHY= FOR WHICH The reason WHY S +V… IV I want to know the reason You don’t talk to him for that reason I want to know the reason why you don’t talk to him PHÂN LOẠI: Defining R.C ( mệnh đề quan hệ xác định) R.C dùng để xác định cho N, k có R.C N k tồn ***NOTE: K dùng ’,’ defining R.C Có thể dùng “ that” thay cho “ who/whom/which” defining R.C Non_defining R.C ( mệnh đề quan hệ k xác định) R.C bổ sung thêm thơng tin cho N đứng trước nó, có hay k R.C N tồn ***NOTE: Phải có” ,” Non_defining R.C That k sử dụng non_defining R.C • • • {People who we visited yesterday } were very nice I like { movies that have happy endings} {The man who you met yesterday)} is my teacher • Mr Tom, who is now teaching English, has written a novel Alan, whose father lives in USA now, is an engineer • RELATIVE CLAUSE ( MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ) *****NOTE: Nếu R.C có giới từ đứng cuối đưa giới từ trước “ Đại từ quan hệ” – whom/ which Ex: Mr.Brown is a nice teacher We studied with him last year Mr.Brown, who/whom we studies with last year, is a nice teacher Mr.Brown, with whom we studies last year, is a nice teacher Giới từ k đứng trước đại từ quan hệ who/that Mr.Brown, with who we studies last year, is a nice teacher Khi đại từ quan hệ “ who/whom/which/ that” O R.C, giản lược chúng The girl who/ whom/that you met yesterday is my close friend = The girl you met yesterday is my close friend Có thể sử cụm từ lượng là: some of …/ both of /all of…/ a lot of …/ many of …/ none of …/ any of …./most of …+ whom/which/whose+N Ex: I have two sisters Both are doctors I have two sisters both of whom are doctors He asked me a lot of questions I couldn’t answer most of them He asked me a lot of questions most of which I couldn’t answer ***CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP BẮT BUỘC PHẢI DÙNG ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ “THAT” Khi N cần thay tổ hợp gồm người vật Ex: I can see a girl and her dog They are running in the park I can see a girl and her dog that are running in the park The police are looking for the man and his car They have just gone missing mysteriously The police are looking for the man and his car that have just gone missing mysteriously Khi N cần thay có chứa so sánh She is the nicest woman that I have ever seen This is the most beautiful dress that I have Khi N cần thay có chứa số thứ tự: the first/ the second/ the third/ the only/ the last …+N He is the first person that comes to class You are the only person that can help us Khi R.C bổ nghĩa cho đại từ bất định : everything/everyone/ something/someone/ anything/anyone/ nothing/no one/ all/little/much/none … I will tell you something that is very interesting I said all that I want to say It + be+ N + that ….: … It is my best friend that gave me this present It is the book that I want to look for V REDUCTION OF RELATIVE CLAUSE ( RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ) RELATIVE CLAUSE ( MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ) Sử dụng PARTICIPLES ( phân từ) Present participles (hiện phân từ) Ving Past participles (quá khứ phân từ) V3 o Nếu Verb R.C có nghĩa chủ động dùng Hiện phân từ : “Ving” Ex: The man who is talking (V chủ động) to the teacher is my father The man talking to the teacher is my father The woman who teaches English at his school is Ms Smith The woman teaching English at his school is Ms Smith Students that didn’t take the test on Monday will have a chance to retake it next Friday Students not taking the test on Monday will have a chance to retake it next Friday ***Note: Nếu sau rút gọn mà động từ trở thành “being” lược bỏ being Ex: the man who was in charge of this department has just resigned the man being in charge of this department has just resigned the man in charge of this department has just resigned her husband, who is a famous actor, used to be a teacher her husband, a famous actor, used to be a teacher Nếu sau rút gọn xong mà động từ trở thành “having” đổi thành “with” ; cịn “not having” đổi thành “without” Ex: Employees who have a Toeic Certificate will be given a raise Employees having a Toeic Certificate will be given a raise Employees with a Toeic Certificate will be given a raise o Nếu Verb R.C có nghĩa bị động dùng khứ phân từ- “V3” Ex: Some of the phones which were sold last month are broken Some of the phones sold last month are broken The man who was interviewed before me got hired the man interviewed before me got hired Rút gọn “to inf” o N đứng trước R.C có chứa so sánh nhất/ số thứ tự… he is the most famous footballer who has played on this ground he is the most famous footballer to play on this ground if he wins this match, he will become the first tennis player that RELATIVE CLAUSE ( MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ) wins the championship if he wins this match, he will become the first tennis player to win the championship o mệnh đề có dạng: S + have/has/had +N + R.C …thì dùng to inf he has some pictures that he wants to buy he has some pictures to buy we have some books that children can read we have some books for children to read PHẦN LUYỆN TẬP: I Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes the sentence The company employs five hundred people makes video recorders A who B whom C that D whose The students _ for the train are good ones A waited B waiting C which I waiting D to wait The work increases alot when the boss is away is always interesting A which B whose C that D.A&C This Is the seventh person late A coming B to come C come D comes I was introduced to the man _ brother If my teacher A which B whose C that D whom The United States consists of fifty states, _ has its own government A they each B each of which C which D each of that The children _ are playing in the yard are Mr Brown's nephews A whom B which C that D who Animals _ plants are called herbivores A eating B that eats C ate D A & B The concert I listened last weekend was boring A to which B to that C about which D for which 10 We'd like to travel to a city there is a lot of sightseeing A which B when C where D that RELATIVE CLAUSE ( MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ) 11 The authority gathered those villagersthey explained the importance of forests A that B whom C to whom D to that 12 My boss work takes him to a lot of different countries, has decided he needs an assistant In London A who B whom C that D whose 13 My classmates dislike postcards _ show rough sea and cloudy sky A who B which C where D when 14 Hoa and her dog are standing over there go to the park every day A that B who C whom D which 15 We are not happy with the plans the architect showed us for our new house A that B in that C in which D who 16 Colin told me about his new job, _ very much A that he's enjoying B he's enjoying C which he's enjoying D he's enjoying it 17 That book was written by a famous anthropologist It's about the people in Samoa for two years A that she lived C among whom she lived B that she lived among them D where she lived among them 18 Earl was one of the first American artists _ landscapes A paint B painted C for painting D to paint 19 The ring is made of gold and diamond A she is wearing it B he gave it to her C Linda like D she is wearing 20 The problems _ they are discussing at the meeting are very important A O B who C where D whom 21 The house is situated in the city center A which C in where we live B we have just bought D which we live 22 The film about _they are talking is fantastic 7 RELATIVE CLAUSE ( MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ) A who B which C whom D.that 23 That's the woman to Jim used to be married A who B whom C which D that 24.1 have a message for people by the traffic chaos A to delay B who delay C delayed D delaying 25.1 talked to a woman _ car had broken down on the way to the party A which B who C whose D whom 26 Tell me the reason you were absent yesterday A where B when C why D that 27 met a lot of people at the party name I can’t remember A whose B which C who D whom 28 The pilot was the only man _ after the crash A was rescued B rescued C rescuing D to be rescued 29 The girl design had been chosen stepped to the platform to receive the award A whose B whom C that D which 30 She won six gold medals in the tournament, _made us feel so proud of her A that B which C who D whose 31.Would the person _muddy jogging clothes were found in the staff shower room please claim them at the lost and found office? A.who B.that C.whose D.which 32.The company has hired a consultant for _ who is in need of help with his personal problems A.anyone B.them C.one D.those 33.The president, comments in a press conference last week aroused considerable criticism ,will again address the media today A.who B.that C.whose D.what 34.Marketing is a profession _ has always interested me A.which B.who C.in which D.whose 35.Unfortunately, several patients at the hospital have been struck by a disease for there is no known cure 8 RELATIVE CLAUSE ( MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ) A.while B.whose C.which D.that 36.Our new department head was among the first Americans of Asian origin _ from Harvard University A.graduate B.graduated C.to graduate D.who has graduated 37.Our research department has recently developed a new computer system to guide the production robots in the factory A.using B.that use C.used D.which are used 38.John always donates some money to local charities every month, he feels is a good deed A.because B.so C.who D.which 39. with competition from the glass and plastic industries, aluminum can manufacturers are currently working on developing new shapes and features for their products A.face B.faced C.facing D.having faced 40. experienced significant growth in Western Europe, the company is planning to expand operations in Eastern Europe A.to have B.have C.had D.having II Defining relative clauses and non-defining relative clause: My friend lives next to my house He shows a great talent for art My friend……………………………………………………… Only people have good command of French They will be invited to the interview Only people …………………………………………………… I was born in a town It lies along the coast I was born in a town ……………………………………………… This is a photo of my hometown It lies along the coast This is a photo of my hometown…………………………… The Mekong river flows through the South of the country It is a great source of seafood The Mekong river………………………………………………………… Children are fond of swimming They should join the local swimming club Children ……………………………………………………………… My children are keen on swimming They often ask me to take them to the beach RELATIVE CLAUSE ( MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ) My children………………………………………………………………… The police haven’t known the identity of the man He was killed in the fight The man whose …………………………………………………………… Tom was killed in the fight He was a well-known reporter Tom……………………………………………………………………… 10 The girl is waiting in the hall I was telling you about her The girl ………………………………………………………………… III Relative adverbs: WHEN/ WHERE/WHY There was a time Dinosaurs dominated the earth then There was a time ……………………………………………………… I don't know the reason You didn't go to school for that reason I don't know the reason ……………………………………………… Our company's peak season is during the months of April and May Sales is the highest then Our company's peak season ………………………………………………… Ms.Dicaprio likes to go for a walk in the park a fountain was recently installed there Ms.Dicaprio likes to go for a walk in the park …………………………… Uma's Hair Salon is opened until 6:00 every day except Friday Uma's Hair Salon closes at 5:30 on Friday ( when)/ (which) Uma's Hair Salon is opened until 6:00 every day except Friday …………………………………………………………………………… Donald Peterson asked somebody in our audio- visual office to set up a DVD player in the room Ms.Catherine Robs will give her presentation in this room Donald Peterson asked somebody in our audio- visual office to set up a DVD player in the room …………………………………………… To show that we sincerely appreciate your help, we made a reservation for you at a famous Italian restaurant you can enjoy a variety of delicious Italian cuisines at this restaurant To show that we sincerely appreciate your help, we made a reservation for you at a famous Italian restaurant ……………………………………… I don’t know the time She will come back then I don’t know the time …………………………………………… That was the day I met my wife on this day 10 RELATIVE CLAUSE ( MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ) That was the day …………………………………………………… 10 He didn’t know the reason His wife was angry for that reason He didn’t know the reason ……………………………………… IV Relative pronouns with prepositions The girl is John’s sister I introduced you to her The girl to whom …………………………………………………… The shop is closed I bought the shoes from it The shop from which …………………………………………………… My English teacher is Mr Tam I had great respect for him My English teacher, for …………………………………………… He gave me a lot of advice Much of them was very useful He gave me a lot of advice ……………………………………………… The man is a good friend of mine I borrowed the money from him The man ……………………………………………………………… The school has been given 50 computers Half of them are new brand The school has been given 50 computers …………………………… Lan’s party is next Sunday evening We are all invited to her party Lan’s party, …………………………………………………………… We are all invited to Lan’s party, which is next Sunday evening They have changed the date The furniture is to be delivered on that date They have changed the date ………………………………………………… A number of my friends will be at the party You’ve met some of them before A number of my friends, ……………………………………………… 10 Mrs Jason apologized for the mistake We complained to her Mrs Jason, …………………………………………………………… V Relative clauses replaced by participles or to_infinitive All the roads that led to the club is insured All the roads……………………………………………………… A ship which was sailing from Canada to Europe nearly hit a huge iceberg ……………………………………………………………………………………………… A lighthouse which is situated on a small island attracts a lot of tourists ……………………………………………………………………………………………… A new international airport which is planned will cost 20 billion dollars ……………………………………………………………………………………………… A chemical company that employed 4000 people has gone bankrupt A chemical company ………………………………………………………… The bridge which has been declared unsafe was built only years ago ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Who was the first person who left the office yesterday? Who was …………………………………………………………………… I have some letters that I must write 11 RELATIVE CLAUSE ( MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ) ……………………………………………………………………………………… We didn’t have anything that we could open a bottle of wine with ……………………………………………………………………………………… 10 She ‘s always the first one who comes and the last one who goes ……………………………………………………………………………………… 11 Your son was the second child who was kidnapped in this way ……………………………………………………………………………………… 12 He was the oldest person to climb the mountain ……………………………………………………………………………………… 13 Do you have the wallet in which you can keep your money? ……………………………………………………………………………………… 14 My mother was the only person who discovered her secret ……………………………………………………………………………… 15 Students have nothing that they could sit on ……………………………………………………………………………………… VI Finish the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one The exhibition was not very interesting My friend took me to see it The exhibition my friend …………………………………………………………………… His latest movie has been a great success It was well reviewed by the critics His latest movie, ……………………………………………………………………………… Fossil fuel produce energy, but it is not renewable Energy coming …………………………………………………………………………………… The heat from the earth can create energy, but it is only available in a few places The energy created …………………………………………………………………………… David told me to return this bike this evening I borrowed this bike from him David, from …………………………………………………………………………………… You gave me a very useful present The present …………………………………………………………………………… The Vietnamese athletes took part in this event and played with great enthusiasm The Vietnamese athletes taking ………………………………………………… They have just bought the expensive house The house ……………………………………………………………………………… She was adopted by the rich family The family ………………………………………………………………………… 10 My child likes to play interesting games 12 RELATIVE CLAUSE ( MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ) The games ……………………………………………………………………………… VII Viết lại câu với nghĩa không thay đổi The fishermen and their boats were off the coast three days ago They have just been reported 10 11 12 13 14 15 to be missing ………………………………………………………………………………………… Birds make nests in trees They can hide their young in nests …………………………………………………………………………… ( where) Mr Tam lives next door and is very kind to my family Mr Tam, living ………………………………………………………………………… The number of extinct animal species has increased The number of animal species …………………………………………………… The police have just found the stolen car The police ………………………………………………………………… ( which) Higher education is very important to economy, because it is a source of educated personnel Higher education …………………………………………………………………… The company has just found potential investors for its project Investors……………………………………………………………………………… They held a big party to congratulate on their son’s success The party …………………………………………………………………………… He lent me the book, I really needed it The book………………………………………………………………………… ( kết hợp bị động mệnh đề quan hệ) They interviewed the qualified man, he was my old colleague The qualified man interviewed ……………………………………………………… (( kết hợp bị động mệnh đề quan hệ + rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ)) I am very interested in the book you lent me last week ……………………………………………………………………………… (interest ) All students study at Cambridge University, they must have competence in English All students admitted ………………………………………………………………… ( kết hợp từ vựng, rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ) There are some requirements for people who want to become a pharmacist People who want…………………………………………………………… ( meet ) (kết hợp từ vựng mệnh đề quan hệ) Students like to take part in courses They provides students with many necessary skills Students like to take part in courses which ………………………………… ( equip) Students find a part time job because they need extra money Student needing ……………………………………………………………………… ... present It is the book that I want to look for V REDUCTION OF RELATIVE CLAUSE ( RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ) RELATIVE CLAUSE ( MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ) Sử dụng PARTICIPLES ( phân từ) Present participles (hiện... động mệnh đề quan hệ) They interviewed the qualified man, he was my old colleague The qualified man interviewed ……………………………………………………… (( kết hợp bị động mệnh đề quan hệ + rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ)) ...2 III RELATIVE CLAUSE ( MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ) TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ ( relative ADVERB) WHEN = IN/ON/AT +WHICH Thay cho ADV làm ADV