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Nghiên cứu xác định thời vụ trồng và cây trồng xen thích hợp cho giống sắn 13sa05 tại nghệ an

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NGHIEN CtfU XAC DINH THCJl VU TRONG VA CAY TRONG XEN THfCH HOP CHO GIONG SAN 13Sa05 TAINGHE AN • • • Pham Thi Thu Ha1, Nguyen Viet Hiing2, Nguyen Quang Tin3 TOM TAT Nghien cdu dupe tien hanh nham xac dinh thdi vu va cay xen thich hop cho giong san 13Sa05 tai xa Thanh Ngoc, huyen Thanh ChiiOng, tinh Nghe An tif 2018 den 2019 Thi nghiem gom hai yeu to diipc bo tri theo kieu 1cm - nho (split - plot) vdi lan lap lai va cong thdc thdi vu, gom T1 (05/01), T2 (05/02), T3 (05/3), cong thutc xen: XI (san thuan), X2 (san xen lac), X3 (san xen dau tiiOng), X4 (san xen dau xanh) Ket qua r^hien aiu cho thay: Thdi vu thich hop cho giong san 13Sa05 tai Nghe An la til 05/02 (cong thdc T2), lac la cay xen thich hop vdi san hon dau xanh va dau tifOng Trong xen lac vdi san thcli vu T2 vxia cho nang suat san cao (45J3 - 47,87 tan/ha), tiiOng doong nang suat san thuan (45,69 - 48,24 tan/ha), viipt cac cong thdc khac, vda dm nang suat lac cao (16,18 ta/ha nam 2019 va 18,45 ta/ha nam 2018), dong thdi cai thien chat ldpng dat san Til khba: Cay san, thdi vu trong, cay xen, tinh Nghe An ^ ma Nghien cdu va Phat trien Cay co cu;2Trifdng Dai hoc Nong lam Thai Nguyen 'IP* U — hoc- Cong nghe va Moi trddng - Bo Nong nghiep va PTNT m Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam - So 05(126)/2021 I DAT VAN DE San xuat san la mot nhdng nguon thu nhap quan cua cac ho nong dan, nhat la nhdng ho ngheo d cac huyen mien ndi tinh Nghe An, san de trong, it ken dat, khong doi hoi dau til cao Do dien tich san cua tinh tap trung chu yeu tren dat go doi, dat doc cung vdi viec doc canh san lien tuc mot thdi gian dai thi hien tddng xoi mon, rda troi dien thddng xuyen lam dat suy thoai nhanh, phi nhieu cua dat giam di tram trpng, gay anh hddng nghiem den nang suat De phat trien san hieu qua ben vflng va tan dung toi da quy dat san thi xen cay ngan la mot bien phap thiet yeu va hdu hieu cac he thong nong nghiep hien dai Theo cac nghien cdu trddc, cay cot khi, co vetiver hoac cay phan xanh theo dtfdng dong mdc ket hop vdi xen lac, dau xanh, dau den hoac dau tren nifong san co bon phan khoang hop ly da diioc nang suat va lqi nhuan kinh te cao Trong xen la mot phiiOng phap cu va hieu qua co the tang nang suat, giam sau benh va co dai Viec xen cho thay nhieu Ou diem nhii nang suat cao hon (Zhi et ah, 2019), ty le sd dung va chan anh sang cao hon, xd ly thde vat tren dat bi nhiem kim loai nang, tang cddng dinh dddng sat va cung cap chat phot (Xiumei et ah, 2020) Viec xen hen tuc lam thay doi cong dong vi khuan dat (Singh et ah, 2017) Dac biet vcfi giong san 13Sa05 mdfi diioc lvia chon va gicfi thieu cho tinh Nghe An thi chiia co nghien ciiu nao dope tien hanh, vi vay viec liia chon loai cay xen va xac dinh thOi vu thich hop vcfi giong san mdfi va cay xen la van de rat can thiet de gop phan nang cao nang suat va cai tao dat san n VAT LIEU VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU 2.1 Vat lieu nghien cdfu Giong san 13Sa05, giong lac L24, giong dau tiiong DT26, giong dau xanh DX14 2.2 PhiiOng phap nghien ciiu - Bo tri thi nghiem: Thi nghiem yeu to, dope bo tri theo kieu lefn - nho (split-plot), lan lap lai, gom: mufc thefi vu (T) va cong thde cay xen (X) lefn la cac thdi vu trong, nho la cac mOc mat do, dien tich nho: 32 m2, tong so nho: 36 Cac cong thde thefi vu: T1 (05/01), T2 (05/02), T3 (05/3) va cong thde xen XI (san thuan), X2 (lac xen san), X3 (dau tdcfng xen san), X4 (dau xanh xen san) - Bien phap ky thuat ap dung: theo Quy chuan ky thuat Quoc gia ve khao nghiem gia tri canh tac va sd dung cua giong san QCVN 01-61: 2011/BNNPTNT Mat trong: san: 10.000 cay/ha (hang x hang = m, cay x cay = m); lac 10 cay/m2 (ldcfng giong can 80 kg/ha) Dau tdcfng, dau xanh 18 cay/m2 (ldpng giong can 35 kg/ha) Trong hang cay xen gida hang san - Cac chi tieu nghien cdu va bien phap theo doi: Doi vdfi cay san: Ap dung theo Quy chuan ky thuat Quoc gia ve khao nghiem gia tri canh tac va sd dung cua giong san QCVN 01-61: 2011/BNNPTNT Doi vcfi cay xen: Ty le song (%), nang suat cay xen (ta/ha) - Phiicfng phap xd ly so lieu: tren Excel va chiidng trinhSAS 9.1 2.3 Thdi gian va dia diem nghien cdu Thdi gian: nien vu (nam 2018 va 2019) Dia diem: Xa Thanh Ngoc, huyen Thanh Chdcfng, tinh Nghe An III KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Anh hdofng cua thdi vu va cay xen den giong san 13Sa05 3.1.1 Anh hUdngcua thdi vu va c&y xen den ty le moc giong san 13Sa05 Ket qua bang cho thay: O ca hai nam 2018 va 2019 cay xen khong anh hddng den ty le mam giong san 13Sa05 Tuy nhien, thdi vu lai co anh hddng ro ret den ty le moc cua giong san 13Sa05 Trong so thdi vu nghien cdu, T2 cho ty le moc trung binh cao nhat vdi 96,61% d nam 2019, va 93,49% nam 2018, ke den la T3 khac biet vdi T1 co y nghia thong ke tai gia tri p < 0,05 Nguyen nhan cua sd khac biet co the la d thdi vu T2 va T3 ddpc vao dau mua miia dam bao am dat dat 60 - 70% nen tao dieu kien cho san mam tot hdn d thdi diem Tl Tddng tac gida cac thdi vu vdi cay trdng xen rat co y nghia thong ke (F = 3,15, p = 0,003) da diipc ghi nhan Thdi vu T2 ket hop vdi cay xen X2 (lac) cho ty le moc mam tot nhat, T2X2 dat ty le mam cao nhat d ca hai nam thi nghiem bien dong td 95,83% (nam 2018) dfia 98,96% (nam 2019) Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam -So 05(126)/2021 Bang Anh hiidng cua thdi vu va cay xen den ty le moc giong san 13Sa05 tai Nghe An (%) Nam Thdivu 2018 Trung binh XI X2 X3 X4 T1 85,42c 90,63abc 84,38c 87,50ba 86,98® T2 93,75ab 98,96J 97,92a 95,83a 96,61A T3 86,46c 88,54'" 90,63abc 87,50ba 88,28® 88,54A 92,71' 90,97A 90,28A T1 81,25d 85,42bcd 82,29d 84,38cd 83,33® T2 90,63abc 95,83a 94,79a 92,7 l ab 93,49A T3 89,58bcd 93,75a 93,75a 91,67abc 92,19A 87,15B 91,67A 90,28AB 89,58AB Trung binh 2018 2019 Cay tr6ng xen Trung binh 2019 Ghi chu: Cac trung binh ciing ky ttf khong khac biet co nghla thong ke d tin cay 95%; CV (%) 2018: 14,14; 2019: 9,49 3.1.2 Anh hudngctia thdi vu vd cay xen den chieu cao cay giong san 13Sa05 tai Nghe An cay xen T*X den chieu cao cay (F = 1,28 vdi p = 0,3132) Ket qua xd ly thong ke chieu cao cay tii bang phUOng sai va xep nhom nam 2018, yeu to cay xen khong khac biet (F = 1,06 vdi p = 0,3924), yeu to thdi vu co khac biet co nghia (F = 32,55 vdi p < 0,0001) Khong co sil hieing tac gifla thdi vu va Ket qua cung thong th vdi nam 2019 Tii co the thay chieu cao cay giong san chiu tac dong cua thdi vu va khac biet co nghla thdi vu, chieu cao cay dat cao nhat d thdi vu T2 (nam 2018: 272,99 cm, nam 2019: 268,01 cm) Bang Anh hildng cua thdi vu va cay xen den chieu cao cay giong san 13Sa05 (cm) Nam Thdi vu 2018 Trung binh Trung binh XI X2 X3 X4 T1 237,22d 243,78dc 256,02bcd 252,72bcd 247,43c T2 266,98ab 268,56ab 271,26ab 285,14a 272,99* T3 252,61bcd 261,50bc 270,80ab 258,99bc 260,98B 252,27® 257,95AB 266,03A 265,62A T1 240,26e 235,34e 234,58e 244,82de 238,75c T2 261,52abc 270,15ab 267,89ab 272,47a 268,01A T3 248,60dce 262,26abc 265,12abc 253,30bcde 257,32® 250,13A 255,92A 255,86A 256,87A Trung binh 2019 Cay xen Ghi chu: Cac trung binh cung ky tU khong khac biet co nghia thong ke d tin cay 95%; CV (%) 2018: 12,61; 2019:13,68 3.13 Anh hiidngcua thdi vu vd cay xen den ndngsuatsinh vat hoc giong san 13Sa05 Nang suat sinh vat hoc dat cao nhat d cong thdc T2X1 (nam 2018: 78,99 tan/ha, nam 2019: 84,89 tan/ha), thii la cong thdc T2X2 (nam 2018: 75,19 tanAia, nam 2019:80,3 tan/ha) Thdi vu va cay xen tiidng tac nhii den nang suat sinh vat hoc giong san 13Sa05 (F = 0,56, p = 0,7536 > 0,05) Doi vdi yeu to thdi vu trong: nang suat sinh vat hoc dat cao nhat d thdi vu T2 (73,35 tan/ha nam 2018 va 77,65 tan/ha nam 2019) va khac biet so vdi hai thdi vu lai Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Ndng nghiep Viet Nam -So 05(126)/202 / Bang Anh hiidng cua thofi vu va cay xen den nang suat sinh vat hoc giong san 13Sa05 tai Nghe An (tan/ha) Nam Tiidi vu 2018 Trung binh XI X2 X3 X4 T1 74,78abc 65,77de 62,44de 60,86e 65,96s T2 78,99a 75,49ab 69,53bcd 69,38bcd 73,35A T3 74,75abc 66,82cde 61,83de 66,07cde 67,37s 76,17A 69,36B 64,60s 65,44s T1 80,70ab 71,12cd 69,69“* 68,31 72,46s T2 84,89a 80,03ab 74,22bc 71,45cd 77,65A T3 81,76ab 69,88cd 68,57cd 66,13d 71,59s 82,45A 73,68B 70,82BC 68,64c Trung binh 2019 Cay tr6ng xen Trung binh Ghi chu: Cac trung binh cungkytUkhdngkhac bietco nghia thong ked tin cay 95%; CV (%)2018:15,87; 2019:9,7 nhii den nang suat san (p tii 0,0563 den 0,9986) Doi vdri yeu to thdi vu: nang suat san chiu anh hiidng cua thdi vu T2 cho nang suat trung binh cu san tiidi cao nhat (45,66 tan/ha) 3.1.4 A nh htfdngcua thdi vu va cay trongxen den ndngsuatcu tUdi giong san 13Sa05 taiN gheA n Ket qua xtf ly thong ke cho thay: Nam 2018 cong thiic san thuan d thdfi vu T2 dat 48,24 tan/ha cao nhat, tiep theo la cong thiic T2 vdi xen hang lac (47,87 tan/ha), thap nhat la T3 xen hang dau xanh (34,47 tan/ha) va xen hang dau tUofng (36,26 tan/ha) Khong co tiidng tac gifla cac lan nhac va thdi vu (F = 0,45 vdi p = 0,6443) Tfldng tac cua TxX rat co y nghia (F = 7,16 vcfi p = 0,0005) Cac tiidng tac T1X3 (p = 0,0349), T3X3 (p = 0,0131), T3X4 (p = 0,0029) co anh hiidng doc lap den nang suat san, cac tiidng tac co anh hiidng Doi vdi yeu to cay xen: nang suat san trung binh dat cao nhat d san thuan (45,81 tan/ha) va bat dau giam cay xen gifla cac hang san, nhien d cong thiic X2 (xen hang lac) nang suat dat 43,60 tan/ha tiidng diidng vdi san thuan va cao hdn, khac biet so vdi cac cong thiic xen X3 (xen hang dau tfldng) va X4 (xen hang dau xanh) co y nghia d tin cay 95%, CV = 8,03% Bang Anh hiidng cua thdi vu va cay xen den nang suat cu tiidi giong san 13Sa05 tai Nghe An (tan/ha) Thdi vu 2018 Trung binh Trung binh : XI X2 X3 X4 T1 45,68ab 44,25abc 37,46def 38,07“*ef 40,84s T2 48,24a 47,87a 40,85bcde 41,20bcde 45,66A T3 43,52abcd 38,68cdef 36,26ef 34,47f 38,34c 38,19s 37,91s 43,60A T1 43,14ab 37,87cde 33,57de 34,88d‘ 37,36B T2 45,69' 45,33' 41,30abc 39,88bcd 43,05A T3 39,88bcd 38,98cde 32,88de 35,26cdc 36,75c 42,90A 40,73A 35,92s 36,67s Trung binh 2019 Cay xen Or 00 Nam Ghi chu: Cac trung binh ding ky tU khong khac biet co nghia thong ke d tin cay 95%; CV (%) 2018:8,03; 2019:8d>lKet qua tiidng tii d nam 2019, nang suat san giong 13Sa05 dat trung binh tfl 32,88 - 45,69 tan/ha, cao nhat la cong thiic T2X1 (45,69 tan/ha), tiep theo la T2X2 (45,33 tan/ha) Nhii vay them hang lac xen vdi san khong lam anh hfldng den nang suat san va nang suat san cho cao nhat d thdi vu T2 (5 - 10/2) Nghien cflu ve xen san tren dat go tai vdag Duyen hai Nam trung bo cho thay: ap d p g h i | i phap xen vdi cay dau xanh thi nang soft Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam - So 05(126)/2021 KM94 vUOt so vdi thuan (Nguyen Thanh Phiidng va Nguyen Danh, 2010) anh hiidng den ham lifong tinh hot cua giong san 13Sa05, nhien thdi vu anh hUdng kha ro den ham lUOng tinh hot giong san, thdi vu 3.1.5 Anh htidngcua thdi vu va cay xen T2 (05/02) co ham liiOng tinh hot cao nhat (28,09% den ty le tinh botgiongsdn nam 2018 va 29,39% nam 2019) va khac biet co y nghia vdi hai thdi vu lai Ket qua theo doi cho thay: Cay xen khong Bang5 Anh hiidng cua thdi vu va cay xen den ty le tinh bot (%) Nam Cay xen Thdi vu 2018 X2 X3 X4 T1 27,73abc 26,85c 27,53abc 28,07abc 27,54B T2 29,73a 29,39abc 28,79abc 29,68bc 29,39A T3 28,03abc 27,15bc 29,32abc 28,18abc 28,17AB 28,49A 27,79* 28,55A 28,64A T1 25,49e 26,52bcde 26,30cde 26,83bcde 26,28B T2 28,80ab 26,87bcde 29,06a 28,44abc 28,29* T3 26,79bcde 25,91^ 28,08abcd 26,94bcie 26,93s 28,49A 27,03A 26,43A 27,81A 27,41* Trung binh 2019 Trung binh XI Trung binh Ghi chu: Cac trung binh ciing ky tU khong khac biet co nghia thong ke d tin cay 95%; CV (%) 2018: 14,43; 2019:14,58 3.2 Ty le song va nang suat cua cac cay tr6ng xen thi nghiem san d thdi vu T2 dat 94,68 % nam 2019 va 88,70% nam 2018 Tiep den la cong thde X3 (dau tUOng xen san) va X4 (xanh xen dau san) co ty le song thap hdn ca nam va tUOng doi bang dat td 67,66 - 70,24% - Ty le song: Thdi vu cung anh hiidng true tiep den ty le song cua cac cay xen, X2 (xen lac) dat ty le song cao nhat xen vdi cay Bang Ty le song (%) va nang suat (ta/ha) cua cac cay xen thi nghiem Thdi vu Cay xen 2019 2018 2019 - - - - Lac xen san 74,57 73,19 13,51 12,58 Dau tUong xen san 69,85 64,87 7,69 7,79 Dau xanh xen san 62,16 65,90 6,02 6,88 - - - - Lac xen san 94,68 88,70 16,18 18,45 Dau tiidng xen san 67,90 65,46 7,90 9,36 Dau xanh xen san 74,99 66,90 6,25 6,15 - - - - Lac xen san 78,63 80,98 12,28 15,68 Dau tUOng xen san 68,97 72,65 9,56 9,01 Dau xanh xen san 73,57 70,26 5,79 7,27 Trung binh 73,92 72,10 11,81 11,57 San thuan T2 San thuan T3 Nang suat (ta/ha) 2018 San thuan Tl Ty le song (%) Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Ndng nghiep Viit Nam - So 05(126)/2021 - Nang suat cay xen: Lac la cay xen cho nang suat dat tot nhat tii 12,58 -18,45 ta/ha nam 2019,13,51 -16,18 ta/ha nam 2018; dau Wong xen vcfi san nang suat chi dat cao nhat 9,56 ta/ha d nam 2018, nang suat dau xanh xen vcfi san dat 6,02 - 6,88 ta/ha Tif cho thay lac la cay thich hop nhat de xen vcfi cay san d thdi vu T2 (05/02) tai Nghe An cho nang suat lac cao nhat d ca nam thi nghiem 18,45 ta/ha nam 2019 va 16,18 ta/ha nam 2018 IV.KETLUAN Nghien cdu xac dinh thdi vu thich hop cho giong san 13Sa05 tai Nghe An la T2 (5 thang 2); thdi vu cho nang suat san cao nhat dat 45,66 tan/ha nam 2018 va 43,05 tan/ha nam 2019, ham lUOng rinh hot (28,09% nam 2018 va 29,39% nam 2019) va khac biet co y nghia vcfi hai thdi vu laL Xac dinh ddoc lac la loai cay xen phu hop vcfi san hon dau xanh va dau WOng d thdi vu T2 Ty IS song trung binh cua lac cao nhat dat 80,95 82,63%, tdong dng vdi nang suat lac dat trung binh 24,18 ta/ha (2018) va 22,45 ta/ha (2019) TAl l ie u t h a m k h a o Bo Ndng nghiep va Phat trien Ndng thon, 2011 QCVN 01-61:2011/BNNPTNT Quy chuan ky thuat Quoc gia ve khao nghiem gia tri canh tac va sd dung cua giong san Nguyin Thanh Phiidng va Nguyen Danh, 2010 Mo hinh dau xanh xen san tren dat doi go cho hieu qua kinh te cao va ben vdng ve moi trUdng tai vung Duyen hai Nam Trung Bo Tap chi Khoa hoc TrUdng Dai hoc Can Thd, 5b: 239-244 Singh A., Weisser W.W., Hanna R., Houmgny R., Zytynska S.E., 2017 Reduce pests, enhance production: benefits of intercropping at high densities for okra farmers in Cameroon Pest Management Science Journal, 73(10): 2017-2027 Xiumei Tang, Ruichun Zhong, Jing Jiang, Liang qiong He, Zhipeng Huang, Guoying Shi, Haining Wu, Jing Liu, Faqian Xiong, Zhuqiang Han, Ronghua Tang, Longfei He, 2020 Cassava/peanut intercropping improves soil quality via rhizospheric microbes increased available nitrogen content BMC BiotedmoL 20, 13 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1186/ S12896-020-00606-1 Zhi X.Y., Han Y.C., Xing F.F., Lei Y.P., Wang G.P., Feng L., Yang B.F., Wang Z.B., Li X L , Xiong S.W., Fan Z.Y., Li Y.B., 2019 How cotton light interception and carbohydrate partitioning respond to cropping systems including monoculture, intercropping with wheat, and direct-seeding after wheat? PLoS ONE Journal, 14(5): e0217243 https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0217243 Identification of planting time and intercropping for 13Sa05 cassava variety in Nghe An province Pham Thi Thu Ha, Nguyen Viet Hung, Nguyen Quang Tin Abstract This study was conducted to identify suitable planting time and intercropping for cassava variety 13Sa05 during 2018 - 2019 in Thanh Ngoc commune, Thanh Chuong district, Nghe An province Two factorial experiment was arranged in Split - plot design with replications and planting times: Tl (5/January), T2 (5/February), T3 (5/March), intercropping formulas: XI (mono-cropping), X2 (peanut), X3 (soybean), X4 (mungbean) The results showed that the suitable planting time for cassava in Nghe An is from 5th, February (formula T2) and peanut is more suitable intercrop with cassava than soybean and mungbean Intercropping peanut with cassava at T2 could have not only high cassava yield (45.33 - 47.87 tons/ha), equivalent to the yield of cassava mono-cropping (45.69 - 48.24 tons/ha) but also get high peanut yield (16.18 -18.45 weights/ha) and improve cassava growing soil Keywords: Cassava, planting time, intercrop, Nghe An province Ngay nhan bai: 04/4/2021 Ngay phan bien: 07/5/2021 Ngiicfi phan bien: TS Nguyen Hutu Hy Ngay duyet dang: 04/6/2021 ... cac hang san, nhien d cong thiic X2 (xen hang lac) nang suat dat 43,60 tan/ha tiidng diidng vdi san thuan va cao hdn, khac biet so vdi cac cong thiic xen X3 (xen hang dau tfldng) va X4 (xen hang... Thanh Ngoc, huyen Thanh Chdcfng, tinh Nghe An III KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 3.1 Anh hdofng cua thdi vu va cay xen den giong san 13Sa05 3.1.1 Anh hUdngcua thdi vu va c&y xen den ty le moc giong san 13Sa05. .. cong thde xen XI (san thuan), X2 (lac xen san), X3 (dau tdcfng xen san), X4 (dau xanh xen san) - Bien phap ky thuat ap dung: theo Quy chuan ky thuat Quoc gia ve khao nghiem gia tri canh tac va

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