(TIỂU LUẬN) subject business statistics topic effects of part time job on college students’ lives in hanoi

NATIONAL ECONOMIC UNIVERSITY FALCULTY OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT Subject: Business Statistics Topic: Effects of part-time job on college students’ lives in Hanoi Group 5: Nguyễn Lâm Thùy An Ngô Linh Chi Phùng Đức Hiếu Nguyễn Thành Long Cung Bằng Linh Chu Thị Nga Phùng Yến Mai Table of contents: I Introduction II Data analysis Quantitative data Qualitative data 2.1 Descriptive statistics 2.2 Regression model III Appendix I Introduction: In Western countries, where time is considered one of the most valuable assets of workers, the concept of "part-time" was born quite early Although it has only been around for less than a decade in Vietnam, with the globalization trend, "part-time" has become a "hot" keyword Part- time jobs was born as an effective solution for job seekers to maximize their time and earn more money People work "part-time" for a variety of reasons, including the desire to gain experience for future jobs, the desire to exchange and learn, the desire to constantly change the working environment, and the desire to renew themselves every day Therefore,, "part-time" becomes a benefit, a real hobby, not just a way to make money In recent years, "part-time" job has begun to come to students more actively in recent years, thanks to the outstanding development of the Internet More than anyone else, "part-time" hits hard on students, not only because they always need an income to add to their monthly supply, but also because this class is always ready to work with enthusiasm and dynamism typical of youth Students are compared to "time kings", so it is also an opportunity for students to use their free time to gain experience before entering a professional working environment Besides, if you not have the right orientation about part-time jobs and future goals, but only focus on immediate goals, forgetting the main task of studying, you cannot balance between studying and doing part-time jobs will affect the academic results, health, lifestyle of students So, part-time jobs can be considered a "double- edged sword" The question is how students part-time jobs to earn extra income, have the opportunity to be close to reality, perfect their skills without being "alienated", negatively affecting their learning, practice morality and lifestyle Our research team, as students , chose the topic "Effects of part-time job on college students' lives in Hanoi" in the hopes of generating some ideas and orienting students in choosing parttime jobs, proposing some solutions to help them balance study and part-time work, so that parttime jobs truly support students' learning and self-improvement, as a preparation for them to conquer the future II Data analysis: Quantitative data: a About personal information Male Educatio n 39% Gender Male Year Year Female Year Year Year 19% Year Year Female 56% 61% survey showed that half of the people were sophomore with 55.8% Following that were senior and junior with approximately 15% The number of freshman accounted a small number of people in the survey with 8.696% Lastly, the graduates proportion was 2.147% Accommodation Stay with relatives 4% Dorm Other 5% 1% Home Rented house Stay with relatives Dorm Other Rented house 37% H o m e % Graduated -The number of people working from home during the period of social distancing accounted for 52.9%, that led to the drop in pupils living in rented house or dorm with nearly 4% The number of people still renting houses is still there when Hanoi implements social distancing with 36.96% - From the above numbers, initially, the research team predicted that part-time jobs would be considered to have less impact on learning because many jobs take place in the online environment so students can reduce time and costs for students during pandemic period b Positive/Negative effects of part-time jobs on studying: Positive affects to study - The majority of people attended the survey acknowledged that having a part-time job gave them some remarkable benefits both in hard and soft skills: Communication skill development: 89.6% Time-management skill: 75.6% Self-understanding: 60.4% Social awareness raising: 58.5% - Beside that, there were some reports showed that working part-time job effected the efficiency of studying at school: Knowledge acquisition improvement: 19.5% Experiences from reality situations: 33.5% From all of the above, working a part-time job while attending university brought pupils some significant experiences in life in order to improve their skills to train their ability in handling situations 4 Negative affects on study Negative affects on study On the other hand, drawbacks from working extra job could be seen clearly: 69.5% of the people told that their self-studying times was narrowed Approximately 34-45% of attendance experienced problems such as: No time for study Less time on school Unfocused on Studying Can not keep it balance between studying and working Beside that, there were some serious issues occurred such as losing studying motivation (15.2%) Otherwise, there were still some who didn’t get effected by it (9.8%) c Positive/Negative effects of part-time jobs on health: Positive effects on health Positive effects on health It is considering to decide which is preferable between focusing on studying or remaining balance between studying and working part-time after witnessing reports about health according to the survey - Positive sides: Over a half of the people claimed that money from working part-time upgraded their living standard which leading to developing in health (52.4%) and mindset (41.5%) Plenty benefits could be listed out such as: Stabilize their life, improving their awareness in health caring and exercises… Those were listed by almost 32% people attended the survey Negative effects on health - Negative sides: 53% of the survey attendance got stressful from works because of the competitive working environment plus the lacking of time for self-caring Nearly 40% of people suffered from sleep disorder and health issues related to biological clock 27.4% people said that it damaged their physical and mental health d Positive/Negative effects of part-time jobs on relationship: Positive effects on relationship Positive effects on relationship - They saw that having a part-time job was the easiest way to expand their relationship which could be seen easily with 90.9% people agreed 56.7 % pupils agreed that having a job while attending university brought them many benefits included improving their image in people’s eyes, contributing more to society 67.1% students listed out that they achieved lessons about the value of money and working Negative effects on relationship Negative effects on relationship Part-time works still had some sustainable drawbacks: Shift working consumes lots of times, especially after office hours The research depicted that 60.4% of the people got less time for their family and friends and 15.9% people claimed that they could get into bad relationships 21.3% people said that having a part-time job lower the quality of old relationships, otherwise, there were 27.4% of people was not effected by that Types of jobs 15.94% 23.19% Service, barista Salesman Tutor 2.17% Shipper Other 25.36% 33.33% - 33.33% were tutors, nearly double the number of people in cafe service, bartender (15.94%).Secondly, 25.36% of them chose to be salesman, communicators which are high communication frequency, suit for people whom demands were improving their soft skills Additionally, shipper accounted 2.17% of the attender Finally, 23.19% of the people left had others job which were almost all of them below 1% Those illustrated the diversity in job choosing of pupils on various fields with different level of affects to their life Qualitative data: 2.1 Descriptive statistics AVERAGE ALLOWANCE N Mean Median Mode Std Deviation Variance Skewness Std Error of Skewness Range Sum Percentiles - It can be seen that the average monthly allowance of a student's family is about million 990 thousand VND and the standard deviation is about million 964 thousand VND - The number of people supported over 10 million is quite small, mainly in the range of to million GPA Valid N Missing Mean Median Mode Std Deviation Variance Skewness Std Error of Skewness Range Sum 25 Percentiles 50 416.57 75 2.9000 3.1000 3.5000 - The average GPA of the students is about 3.0 - Standard deviation is 0.9 - The majority of students achieve good and excellent degrees NUMBER OF THE CURRENT JOB N Mean Median Mode Std Deviation Variance Skewness Std Error of Skewness Range Sum Percentiles On average, about 80 people in the survey doing only one job The number of people doing jobs at the same time is less, just above 10 people And only people who are doing jobs at the same time AVER_STUDYTIME N Valid Missing 138 Mean 2.6038 Median 2.0000 Mode Std Deviation 2.00 1.36345 10 Variance 1.859 Skewness 837 Std Error of Skewness 206 Range 8.00 Sum 359.33 25 2.0000 Percentiles 50 2.0000 75 3.0000 On average, each person spends about hours on self-study - Most students, even if they have part-time jobs, they still spend to hours on self-study, which can also explain that even if they work, it doesn't affect their studies and their average GPA that from good level or higher AVER_TIME N Mean Median Mode Std Deviation Variance Skewness Std Error of Skewness Range Sum Percentiles a Multiple modes exist The smallest value is shown On average, students go to work about hours a day But based on the chart, the number of people working about hours a day is the highest The number of students working more than hours a day is quite small - Most students work part time, so their working hours are not too many, it does not affect their studies STATISTICS N Valid 11 Missing Mean Median Mode Std Deviation Variance Skewness Std Error of Skewness Range Sum Percentiles 25 50 75 3.54 4.00 736 542 -.152 206 489 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.20 3.00 818 669 516 206 441 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.70 4.00 739 546 318 206 511 3.00 4.00 4.00 12 - Overall, the extent that work affects schooling, health, or relationships on average is rated positively It can also be seen that part-time jobs bring many benefits to students - Satisfaction level is the majority at level and level 4, showing a very positive influence on relationships - Regarding the effect on health, the majority of people at level are positive, but the number of people who choose level is at the highest effect on health out of the tables This may be the case for people who work or more jobs because having to work too much is also very bad for their health - As for the influence on learning, most of them are very positive influences at level and level 4, accounting for 80% of the survey Show that part-time jobs help them study better, having a place to practice lessons in class helps them understand the lesson and study better Prove that their GPA is mostly from pretty good to majority - In graphs, it can be seen that going to work has a positive influence on learning and relationships mainly (80% are rated at and 4) are highly appreciated by the students and the efficiency of going to work 2.2 Regression model First regression Variables Entered / Removeda Model a b · · work, studyb Dependent Variable: GPA All requested variables entered Dependent Variable: GPA => Average GPA during the period in university Independent Variables: work => Average working time per day study => Average self-study time per day Mod a Predictors: (Constant), Aver_time, Aver_studytime 13 b Dependent Variable: Aver_GPA - R-square=0.001: Coefficient of determination Because we are running multi linear regression so R-square have some limitations  Using Adjusted R-square R−square= Residual ∑ of squares Total ∑of squares - R-square*adjustment factor = Adjusted R-square = -0.014 The value of adjusted R-square is too small, so this model is not so good because it seems that the dependent variable mostly can not explained by independent variables - The value of Std.Error of the Estimate is 0.91034  This value is not big  This might be a good regression a b Model Regression Residual Total Dependent Variable: GPA Predictors: (Constant), work, study - Regression sum of square: Total variation caused by regression - Residual sum of square: Total variation causes by residual Df: degree of freedom Mean square = - Linear regression model: GPA=β0 +β1 study+β2 work - Null hypothesis: H0: β1= β2 = H1: At least value of β2 and β2 not equal Test for hypothesis by using sig (p-value) Sig = 0.943 > α=0.05 => not reject H0, there’s not enough evidence to prove that at least value of β1 and β2 not equal Coefficientsa 14 Model Unstandardized Coefficients B (Constant) Aver_study time Aver_time a Dependent Variable: Aver_GPA - Linear regression: GPA = 3.012 + 0.15study – 0.008work On average: If student doesn’t have a job and self-study, his/her average GPA will be 3.012 When student increases his/her self-study time by hour, his/her average GPA increases by 0.15 When student increases his/her working time by hour, his/her average GPA decreases by 0.008 - Absolute value of standardized coefficients of β1 (0.023) is higher than that of β2 (0.019), so the average self-study time has more effect on the average GPA than the average working time - Test for hypothesis: +) T-test for β1: H0: β1= H1:β1≠0 Because sig β1= 0.789 > α=0.05 => not reject H0 => β1 might be equal and the average self-study time might make no sense to Average GPA +) T-test for β2 H0:β2=0 H1:β2≠0 15 Because sig β = 0.828 > α=0.05 => not reject H0 => β2 might be equal and the average working time might make no sense to Average GPA Comment: At first, we expected that there was a positive correlation between self-study time, working time and GPA If what we expected has enough evidence to be proved that it is right, students can look at our research and make most suitable decisions for them However, as the results which are estimated and explained by those tables above, there’s nothing at all All the estimated results are insignificant that means GPA of a student is almost unaffected by his/her self-study time or the amount of time he/she goes to work Second regression: Variables Entered / Removeda Model c d studyb Dependent Variable: work All requested variables entered - Dependent Variable: work => Average working time per day - Independent Variables: allowance => Average monthly allowance study => Average self-study time per day a b Predictors: (Constant), allowance, study Dependent Variable: work The value of adjusted R-square is too small (-0.013), so this model is not so good 16 - The value of Std.Error of the Estimate is 2.19390 => this value is quite big => This seems not a good regression a b Model Regression Residual Total Dependent Variable: work Predictors: (Constant), allowance, study - Linear regression model: work = β0 + β1study + β2allowance - Null hypothesis: H0:β1=β2=0 H1: At least value of β1 and β2 not equal Test for hypothesis by using sig (p-value) Sig = 0.9 > α=0.05 => not reject H0, there’s not enough evidence to prove that at least value of β1 and β2 not equal Coefficientsa Model Unstandardized Coefficients B (Constant) study allowance a Dependent Variable: work - Linear regression: work = 4.101 + 0.007study + 0.043allowance On average: 17 If student doesn’t spend time on self-study and has no allowance, his/her average working will be 4.101 When student increases his/her average self-study time per day by hour, his/her average working time per day increases by 0.007 hour When student’s average monthly allowance is increased by VND million, his/her average working time per day increases by 0.043 hour - Absolute value of standardized coefficients of β1 (0.004) is lower than that of β2 (0.039), so the average self-study time per day has less effect on the average working time per day than the average monthly allowance - Test for hypothesis: +) T-test for β1: H0:β1= H1:β1≠0 Because sig β1 = 0.961 > α=0.05 => not reject H0 => β1 might be equal and the average self-study time per day might make no sense to Average working time per day +) T-test for β2 H0:β2=0 H1:β2≠0 Because sig β2 = 0.652 > α=0.05 => not reject H0 => β2 might be equal and the average monthly allowance might make no sense to Average working time per day Comment: On the other hand, in the second model, average working time per day is expected to decrease when both average monthly allowance and average self-study time per day increase However, same conclusion happened that there was no correlation among them From our perspective, this faulty maybe due to lack of proper theories when developing variables III Appendix Questionnaire: Thông tin cá nhân 1) Bạn đã/đang làm thêm hay chưa? Đã/ Đang làm (Tiếp tục vấn) Chưa làm (Kết thúc vấn) 2) Giới tính bạn là? Nam Nữ 3) Bạn sinh viên năm mấy? 18 Năm Năm Năm Năm 4) Hiện bạn đâu? Nhà riêng Nhà thuê Nhà nhờ Kí túc xá Khác 5) Trung bình tháng bạn chu cấp bao nhiêu? (đơn vị: triệu đồng) 6) GPA trung bình kì học bạn bao nhiểu? (Tính theo hệ số 4) Vui lòng cho biết ảnh hưởng việc làm thêm đến sống bạn Việc học tập 7.1) Theo bạn, việc làm thêm ảnh hưởng TÍCH CỰC đến việc học bạn khía cạnh nào? (có thể chọn nhiều phương án) Khơng có khía cạnh Nâng cao khả giao tiếp Cải thiện kĩ quản lí thời gian Trang bị thêm kiến thức xã hội liên quan đến chuyên ngành học Tạo hội thực hành kiến thức lớp Tìm điểm mạnh thân Giúp tiếp thu học lớp tốt (thông qua môi trường làm việc thực tế) Khác 7.1) Theo bạn, việc làm thêm ảnh hưởng TIÊU CỰC đến việc học bạn khía cạnh nào? (có thể chọn nhiều phương án) Khơng có khía cạnh Giảm thời gian học tập lớp Giảm thời gian tự học Không có thời gian học Phân tâm việc học Không thể cân đối việc học việc làm Mất động lực học tập Khác 7.3) Thời gian trung bình dành cho thời gian tự học bạn ngày? (đơn vị: giờ) 7.4) Theo bạn, việc làm thêm có ảnh hưởng tới việc học bạn? (cho điểm theo mức độ ảnh hưởng với ảnh hưởng hoàn toàn tiêu cực đến ảnh hưởng hồn tồn tích cực) Sức khỏe 8.1) Theo bạn, việc làm thêm ảnh hưởng TÍCH CỰC đến sức khỏe bạn khía cạnh nào? (có thể chọn nhiều phương án) Khơng có khía cạnh 19 Nâng cao sức khỏe thể chất Nâng cao sức khỏe tinh thần Nâng cao nhận thức bảo vệ sức khỏe Cải thiện điều kiện tài dành cho sức khỏe Tuân thủ giấc làm việc giúp cân đồng hồ sinh học Khác 8.2) Theo bạn, việc làm thêm ảnh hưởng TIÊU CỰC đến sức khỏe bạn khía cạnh nào? (có thể chọn nhiều phương án) Khơng có khía cạnh Gây rối loạn giấc ngủ (thiếu ngủ, khó ngủ, ) Gây stress Gây tổn hại sức khỏe thể chất (giảm cân, đau dày, ) Gây rối loạn đồng hồ sinh học Khác 8.3) Theo bạn, việc làm thêm có ảnh hưởng tới sức khỏe bạn? (cho điểm theo mức độ ảnh hưởng với ảnh hưởng hoàn toàn tiêu cực đến ảnh hưởng hoàn toàn tích cực) Các mối quan hệ gia đình xã hội 9.1) Theo bạn, việc làm thêm ảnh hưởng TÍCH CỰC đến mối quan hệ bạn khía cạnh nào? (có thể chọn nhiều phương án) Khơng có khía cạnh Mở rộng mối quan hệ xã hội Nâng cao hình ảnh thân mắt gia đình bạn bè Trân trọng cơng sức thành viên gia đình Khác 9.2) Theo bạn, việc làm thêm ảnh hưởng TIÊU CỰC đến mối quan hệ bạn khía cạnh nào? (có thể chọn nhiều phương án) Khơng có khía cạnh Giảm thời gian dành cho gia đình bạn bè Kết giao với mối quan hệ xấu Giảm chất lượng mối quan hệ có Khác 20 9.3)Theo bạn, việc làm thêm có ảnh hưởng tới mối quan hệ bạn? (cho điểm theo mức độ ảnh hưởng với ảnh hưởng hoàn toàn tiêu cực đến ảnh hưởng hồn tồn tích cực) Một số thơng tin chung 10)Số công việc bạn làm tại? 11) Bạn đã/ làm cơng việc gì? Nhân viên pha chế - phục vụ Nhân viên bán hang Gia sư Shipper Xe ôm công nghệ Khác 12)Thời gian bạn làm việc trung bình ngày? (đơn vị: giờ) 21 ... effects of part- time jobs on relationship: Positive effects on relationship Positive effects on relationship - They saw that having a part- time job was the easiest way to expand their relationship... in Hanoi" in the hopes of generating some ideas and orienting students in choosing parttime jobs, proposing some solutions to help them balance study and part- time work, so that parttime jobs... Positive/Negative effects of part- time jobs on health: Positive effects on health Positive effects on health It is considering to decide which is preferable between focusing on studying or remaining balance