Subject business statistics topic effects of part time job on college students’ lives in hanoi

NATIONAL ECONOMIC UNIVERSITY FALCULTY OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT Subject Business Statistics Topic Effects of part time job on college students’ lives in Hanoi Group 5 Nguyễn Lâm Thùy An Ngô Linh Chi Phùn.

  NATIONAL ECONOMIC UNIVERSITY  FALCULTY OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT     Subject: Business Statistics Topic: Effects of part-time job on college students’ lives in Hanoi    Group 5:   Nguyễn Lâm Thùy An  Ngô Linh Chi  Phùng Đức Hiếu  Nguyễn Thành Long  Cung Bằng Linh  Chu Thị Nga   Phùng Yến Mai      Table of contents:  I Introduction II Data analysis .3 Quantitative data Qualitative data .9 2.1 Descriptive statistics 2.2 Regression model 14 III Appendix 19                                     I Introduction:   In Western countries, where time is considered one of the most valuable assets of workers, the concept of "part-time" was born quite early Although it has only been around for less than a decade in Vietnam, with the globalization trend, "part-time" has become a "hot" keyword.   Part-time jobs was born as an effective solution for job seekers to maximize their time and earn more money. People work "part-time" for a variety of reasons, including the desire to gain experience for future jobs, the desire to exchange and learn, the desire to constantly change the working environment, and the desire to renew themselves every day. Therefore,, "part-time" becomes a benefit, a real hobby, not just a way to make money.   In recent years, "part-time" job has begun to come to students more actively in recent years, thanks to the outstanding development of the Internet More than anyone else, "part-time" hits hard on students, not only because they always need an income to add to their monthly supply, but also because this class is always ready to work with enthusiasm and dynamism typical of youth Students are compared to "time kings", so it is also an opportunity for students to use their free time to gain experience before entering a professional working environment.   Besides, if you do not have the right orientation about part-time jobs and future goals, but only focus on immediate goals, forgetting the main task of studying, you cannot balance between studying and doing part-time jobs will affect the academic results, health,  lifestyle of students. So, part-time jobs can be considered a "double-edged sword" The question is how do students do part-time jobs to earn extra income, have the opportunity to be close to reality, perfect their skills without being "alienated", negatively affecting their learning, practice morality and lifestyle.  Our research team, as students , chose the topic "Effects of part-time job on college students' lives in Hanoi" in the hopes of generating some ideas and orienting students in choosing parttime jobs, proposing some solutions to help them balance study and part-time work, so that parttime jobs truly support students' learning and self-improvement, as a preparation for them to conquer the future.  II. Data analysis:  Quantitative data:  a. About personal information  The Male 39% Gender Male Female Year 14% Year 2% Graduated 1% Year 9% Education Year Year Year Year Year Graduated Year 19% Year 56% Female 61% survey showed that half of the people were sophomore with 55.8% Following that were senior and junior with approximately 15% The number of freshman accounted a small number of people in the survey with 8.696% Lastly, the graduates proportion was 2.147%.  Accommodation Stay with relatives 4% Rented house 37% Dorm 5% Other 1% Home 53% Home Rented house Stay with relatives Dorm Other -The number of people working from home during the period of social distancing accounted for 52.9%, that led to the drop in pupils living in rented house or dorm with nearly 4%. The number of people still renting houses is still there when Hanoi implements social distancing with 36.96%.   - From the above numbers, initially, the research team predicted that part-time jobs would be considered to have less impact on learning because many jobs take place in the online environment so students can reduce time and costs for students during pandemic period.    b Positive/Negative effects of part-time jobs on studying:  Positive affects to study No aspect 2.4% Communication skill development 89.6% Time-management skill 75.6% Social awareness raising 58.5% Experience from reality situations 33.5% Self-understanding 60.4% Knowledge acquisition improvement 19.5% If the job related to the speacialization 0.6% Be better off 0.6% 0% 50% 100% 150% Positive affects to study results - The majority of people attended the survey acknowledged that having a part-time job gave them some remarkable benefits both in hard and soft skills:   Communication skill development: 89.6%   Time-management skill: 75.6%   Self-understanding: 60.4%   Social awareness raising: 58.5%  - Beside that, there were some reports showed that working part-time job effected the efficiency of studying at school:   Knowledge acquisition improvement: 19.5%   Experiences from reality situations: 33.5%   From all of the above, working a part-time job while attending university brought pupils some significant experiences in life in order to improve their skills to train their ability in handling situations.  Negative affects on study No aspect 9.8% Less time on school 35.4% No self-study time 69.5% No time for study 34.1% Unfocused on studying 44.5% Can't keep it balance between studying and working 34.1% Lose motivation to study 15.2% 0% 25% 50% 75% 100% 125% Negative affects on study - On the other hand, drawbacks from working extra job could be seen clearly:   69.5% of the people told that their self-studying times was narrowed   Approximately 34-45% of attendance experienced problems such as:   No time for study  Less time on school   Unfocused on Studying   Can not keep it balance between studying and working.   Beside that, there were some serious issues occurred such as losing studying motivation (15.2%) Otherwise, there were still some who didn’t get effected by it (9.8%)  c Positive/Negative effects of part-time jobs on health:   Positive effects on health No aspect 18.3% Improving physical health 31.1% Improving mental health 41.5% Rasing awareness about health protection 31.1% Improving financial conditions for health 52.4% Balancing biological clock 34.1% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Positive effects on health It is considering to decide which is preferable between focusing on studying or remaining balance between studying and working part-time after witnessing reports about health according to the survey.  - Positive sides:   Over a half of the people claimed that money from working part-time upgraded their living standard which leading to developing in health (52.4%) and mindset (41.5%)   Plenty benefits could be listed out such as: Stabilize their life, improving their awareness in health caring and exercises… Those were listed by almost 32% people attended the survey.  Negative effects on health No aspect 18.9% Sleep disorders 43.3% Stress 53.0% Damaging physical health 27.4% Biological clock disorder 0% 37.2% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Negative effects on health - Negative sides:   53% of the survey attendance got stressful from works because of the competitive working environment plus the lacking of time for self-caring.   Nearly 40% of people suffered from sleep disorder and health issues related to biological clock.   27.4% people said that it damaged their physical  and mental health  d. Positive/Negative effects of part-time jobs on relationship:  Positive effects on relationship No aspect 3.7% Expand the relationship 90.9% Improve ourselves image 56.7% Appreciate family members's hard working 67.1% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Positive effects on relationship - They saw that having a part-time job was the easiest way to expand their relationship which could be seen easily with 90.9% people agreed 56.7 % pupils agreed that having a job while attending university brought them many benefits included improving their image in people’s eyes, contributing more to society 67.1% students listed out that they achieved lessons about the value of money and working.  Negative effects on relationship No aspect 27.4% Less time for family and friends Get into bad relationships Lower the quality of old relationships 60.4% 15.9% 21.3% Less time for other relationships 0.6% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Negative effects on relationship Part-time works still had some sustainable drawbacks:   Shift working consumes lots of times, especially after office hours The research depicted that 60.4% of the people got less time for their family and friends and 15.9% people claimed that they could get into bad relationships.  21.3% people said that having a part-time job lower the quality of old relationships, otherwise, there were 27.4% of people was not effected by that.    Types of jobs 15.94% 23.19% Service, barista Salesman Tutor Shipper Other 2.17% 25.36% 33.33% - 33.33% were tutors, nearly double the number of people in cafe service, bartender (15.94%).Secondly, 25.36% of them chose to be salesman, communicators which are high communication  frequency, suit for people whom demands were improving their soft skills Additionally, shipper accounted 2.17% of the attender Finally, 23.19% of the people left had others job which were almost all of them below 1% Those illustrated the diversity in job choosing of pupils on various fields with different level of affects to their life.  Qualitative data:  2.1 Descriptive statistics AVERAGE ALLOWANCE Valid N Missing 138 Mean 2.99 Median 3.00 Mode Std Deviation 1.964 Variance 3.856 Skewness 1.911 Std Error of Skewness Range 15 Sum Percentiles 206 412 25 2.00 50 3.00 75 4.00 - It can be seen that the average monthly allowance of a student's family is about million 990 thousand VND and the standard deviation is about million 964 thousand VND   - The number of people supported over 10 million is quite small, mainly in the range of to million    GPA N Valid Missing 138 Mean 3.0186 Median 3.1000 Mode Std Deviation Variance Skewness 3.00 90407 817 -.977 Std Error of Skewness 206 Range 7.50 Sum 416.57 Percentiles 25 2.9000 50 3.1000 75 3.5000  - The average GPA of the students is about 3.0  - Standard deviation is 0.9  - The majority of students achieve good and excellent degrees    NUMBER OF THE CURRENT JOB  Valid  N  110  Missing  28  Mean  1.05  Median  1.00  Mode  1  Std Deviation  572  Variance  327  Skewness  007  Std Error of Skewness  230  Range  2  Sum  116  Percentiles  25  1.00  50  1.00  75  1.00    - On average, about 80 people in the survey doing only one job   - The number of people doing 2 jobs at the same time is less, just above 10 people   - And only 5 people who are doing jobs at the same time  AVER_STUDYTIME    N  Valid  Missing  138  0  Mean  2.6038  Median  2.0000  Mode  Std Deviation  2.00  1.36345  10 Variance  1.859  Skewness  837  Std Error of Skewness  206  Range  8.00  Sum  359.33  25  2.0000  Percentiles  50  2.0000  75  3.0000    - On average, each person spends about hours on self-study.  - Most students, even if they have part-time jobs, they still spend to hours on self-study, which can also explain that even if they work, it doesn't affect their studies and their average GPA that from good level or higher.  N  AVER_TIME  Valid  Missing  Mean  Median  Mode  Std Deviation  Variance  Skewness  Std Error of Skewness  Range  Sum  25  Percentiles  138  0  4.2475  4.0000  2.00a  2.17953  4.750  1.027  206  11.00  586.15  2.1875  50  4.0000  75  5.0000  a Multiple modes exist The smallest value is shown      - On average, students go to work about hours a day   - But based on the chart, the number of people working about hours a day is the highest   - The number of students working more than hours a day is quite small   - Most students work part time, so their working hours are not too many, it does not affect their studies.    N  Valid  STATISTICS  Affect_study  Affect_health  Affect_relationship  138  138  138  11 Missing  Mean  Median  Mode  Std Deviation  Variance  Skewness  Std Error of Skewness  Range  Sum  25  Percentiles  50  75      0  3.54  4.00  4  736  542  -.152  206  4  489  3.00  4.00  4.00  0  3.20  3.00  3  818  669  516  206  3  441  3.00  3.00  4.00  0  3.70  4.00  3  739  546  318  206  3  511  3.00  4.00  4.00    12 - Overall, the extent that work affects schooling, health, or relationships on average is rated positively.   - It can also be seen that part-time jobs bring many benefits to students   - Satisfaction level is the majority at level 3 and level 4, showing a very positive influence on relationships.  - Regarding the effect on health, the majority of people at level are positive, but the number of people who choose level is at the highest effect on health out of the 3 tables This may be the case for people who work 2 or more jobs because having to work too much is also very bad for their health.  - As for the influence on learning, most of them are very positive influences at level 3 and level 4, accounting for 80% of the survey Show that part-time jobs help them study better, having a place to practice lessons in class helps them understand the lesson and study better Prove that their GPA is mostly from pretty good to majority.  - In 3 graphs, it can be seen that going to work has a positive influence on learning and relationships mainly (80% are rated at 3 and 4) are highly appreciated by the students and the efficiency of going to work.  2.2 Regression model   First regression Variables Entered / Removed Variables    Entered  Model  1  a Variables    Removed  work, studyb   a Dependent Variable: GPA  b All requested variables entered  Method  Enter  - Dependent Variable: GPA => Average GPA during the period in university.  - Independent Variables:  · work => Average working time per day.  · study => Average self-study time per day.      1  Model Summary Model  R   .030a R Square  001  a Predictors: (Constant), Aver_time, Aver_studytime  b Adjusted R  Square  -.014  Std Error of the Estimate   .91034 13 b Dependent Variable: Aver_GPA  - R-square=0.001: Coefficient of determination. Because we are running multi linear regression so R-square have some limitations.   Using Adjusted R-square  Residual ∑ of squares R−square= Total ∑ of squares - R-square*adjustment factor = Adjusted R-square = -0.014  The value of adjusted R-square is too small, so this model is not so good because it seems that the dependent variable mostly can not explained by independent variables - The value of Std.Error of the Estimate is 0.91034  This value is not big    This might be a good regression.    a ANOVA   Model  Sum of squares  1              Regression  098                  Residual  111.877                  Total  111.975  df  Mean square  2  049  135  829  137  a Dependent Variable: GPA  b Predictors: (Constant), work, study   F  Sig.  b 059  943   - Regression sum of square: Total variation caused by regression.  - Residual sum of square: Total variation causes by residual.  - Df: degree of freedom - Mean square = 𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑓 - Linear regression model: GPA=β + β study+ β work - Null hypothesis:   H0: β 1= β = H1: At least value of β and β not equal Test for hypothesis by using sig (p-value) Sig = 0.943 > α=0.05 => not reject H0, there’s not enough evidence to prove that at least value of β and β not equal Coefficients a 14 Model  Unstandardized Standardized t  Coefficients  Coefficients  Sig.    B    Std.Error  Beta  (Constant)   3.012  Aver_study 015  time  -.008  Aver_time  225  057  036      13.371  000  023  268  789  -.019  -.218  828  95.0% Collinearity Confidence Statistics  Interval for B  Lower Upper Tolerance  VIF  bound  bound  2.566  3.457      -.098  128  1.000  1.000  -.078  063  1.000  1.000  a Dependent Variable: Aver_GPA  - Linear regression: GPA = 3.012 + 0.15study – 0.008work On average:    If student doesn’t have a job and self-study, his/her average GPA will be 3.012 When student increases his/her self-study time by hour, his/her average GPA increases by 0.15 When student increases his/her working time by hour, his/her average GPA decreases by 0.008 - Absolute value of standardized coefficients of β (0.023) is higher than that of β (0.019), so the average self-study time has more effect on the average GPA than the average working time - Test for hypothesis: +) T-test for β 1:   H0: β 1= H1: β ≠ Because sig β 1= 0.789 > α=0.05 => not reject H0 => β might be equal and the average self-study time might make no sense to Average GPA +) T-test for β   H0: β = H1: β ≠ 15 Because sig β = 0.828 > α=0.05 => not reject H0 => β might be equal and the average working time might make no sense to Average GPA Comment: At first, we expected that there was a positive correlation between self-study time, working time and GPA If what we expected has enough evidence to be proved that it is right, students can look at our research and make most suitable decisions for them However, as the results which are estimated and explained by those tables above, there’s nothing at all All the estimated results are insignificant that means GPA of a student is almost unaffected by his/her self-study time or the amount of time he/she goes to work  Second regression:  Variables Entered / Removeda   Variables    Entered  Model  Variables    Removed  allowance    b study 1  Method    Enter  c Dependent Variable: work  d All requested variables entered  - Dependent Variable: work => Average working time per day - Independent Variables:   allowance => Average monthly allowance study => Average self-study time per day     1  𝑴𝒐𝒅𝒆𝒍 𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒚𝒃 Model  R  R Square  039a 002     Adjusted R  Square  −.013   STD Error of the Estimate  2.19390 a Predictors: (Constant), allowance, study b Dependent Variable: work The value of adjusted R-square is too small (-0.013), so this model is not so good 16 - The value of Std.Error of the Estimate is 2.19390 => this value is quite big => This seems not a good regression ANOVA   Model  1              Regression                  Residual                  Total  Sum of squares  1.012  649.784  650.797  a df  Mean square  2  506  135  4.813  137  F  105  Sig.  b 900   a Dependent Variable: work b Predictors: (Constant), allowance, study - Linear regression model: work = β0 + β1study + β 2allowance - Null hypothesis:   H0: β = β = H1: At least value of β and β not equal Test for hypothesis by using sig (p-value) Sig = 0.9 > α=0.05 => not reject H0, there’s not enough evidence to prove that at least value of β1 and β2 not equal Coefficients a Model  Unstandardized Coefficients    B     (Constant)   4.101  1 study  007     allowance  043  Standardized t  Coefficients  Std.Error  Beta  481  138  096  95.0% Collinearity Sig.  Confidence Statistics  Interval for B  Lower Upper Tolerance  VIF  bound  bound    8.518  000  3.149  5.053      004  049  961  -.266  279  996  1.004  039  452  652  -.146  232  996  1.004      a Dependent Variable: work - Linear regression: work = 4.101 + 0.007study + 0.043allowance On average: 17    If student doesn’t spend time on self-study and has no allowance, his/her average working will be 4.101 When student increases his/her average self-study time per day by hour, his/her average working time per day increases by 0.007 hour When student’s average monthly allowance is increased by VND million, his/her average working time per day increases by 0.043 hour - Absolute value of standardized coefficients of β (0.004) is lower than that of β (0.039), so the average self-study time per day has less effect on the average working time per day than the average monthly allowance - Test for hypothesis: +) T-test for β 1:   H0: β 1= H1: β ≠ Because sig β = 0.961 > α=0.05 => not reject H0 => β might be equal and the average self-study time per day might make no sense to Average working time per day +) T-test for β   H0: β = H1: β ≠ Because sig β = 0.652 > α=0.05 => not reject H0 => β might be equal and the average monthly allowance might make no sense to Average working time per day Comment: On the other hand, in the second model, average working time per day is expected to decrease when both average monthly allowance and average self-study time per day increase However, same conclusion happened that there was no correlation among them From our perspective, this faulty maybe due to lack of proper theories when developing variables III Appendix   Questionnaire:  Thông tin cá nhân  1) Bạn đã/đang đi làm thêm hay chưa?   Đã/ Đang đi làm (Tiếp tục phỏng vấn)   Chưa từng đi làm (Kết thúc phỏng vấn)  2) Giới tính của bạn là?   Nam   Nữ  3) Bạn là sinh viên năm mấy?   18 Năm 1  Năm 2  Năm 3  Năm 4  4) Hiện tại bạn đang ở đâu?   Nhà riêng   Nhà thuê   Nhà ở nhờ   Kí túc xá   Khác  5) Trung bình một tháng bạn được chu cấp bao nhiêu? (đơn vị: triệu đồng)  6) GPA trung bình các kì đã học của bạn là bao nhiểu? (Tính theo hệ số 4)   Vui lịng cho biết ảnh hưởng của việc đi làm thêm đến cuộc sống của bạn  Việc học tập  7.1) Theo bạn, việc đi làm thêm ảnh hưởng TÍCH CỰC đến việc học của bạn ở những khía cạnh nào? (có thể chọn nhiều phương án)   Khơng có khía cạnh nào   Nâng cao khả năng giao tiếp   Cải thiện kĩ năng quản lí thời gian   Trang bị thêm kiến thức xã hội liên quan đến chuyên ngành đã học   Tạo hội thực hành kiến thức lớp  Tìm điểm mạnh thân  Giúp tiếp thu học lớp tốt (thông qua môi trường làm việc thực tế)  Khác 7.1) Theo bạn, việc đi làm thêm ảnh hưởng TIÊU CỰC đến việc học của bạn ở những khía cạnh nào? (có thể chọn nhiều phương án)   Khơng có khía cạnh            Giảm thời gian học tập lớp Giảm thời gian tự học Khơng có thời gian học Phân tâm việc học Không thể cân đối việc học việc làm Mất động lực học tập Khác 7.3) Thời gian trung bình dành cho thời gian tự học bạn ngày? (đơn vị: giờ) 7.4) Theo bạn, việc làm thêm có ảnh hưởng tới việc học bạn? (cho điểm theo mức độ ảnh hưởng với ảnh hưởng hoàn toàn tiêu cực đến ảnh hưởng hoàn toàn tích cực) Sức khỏe 8.1) Theo bạn, việc làm thêm ảnh hưởng TÍCH CỰC đến sức khỏe bạn khía cạnh nào? (có thể chọn nhiều phương án)  Khơng có khía cạnh 19       Nâng cao sức khỏe thể chất Nâng cao sức khỏe tinh thần Nâng cao nhận thức bảo vệ sức khỏe Cải thiện điều kiện tài dành cho sức khỏe Tuân thủ giấc làm việc giúp cân đồng hồ sinh học Khác 8.2) Theo bạn, việc làm thêm ảnh hưởng TIÊU CỰC đến sức khỏe bạn khía cạnh nào? (có thể chọn nhiều phương án)       Khơng có khía cạnh Gây rối loạn giấc ngủ (thiếu ngủ, khó ngủ, ) Gây stress Gây tổn hại sức khỏe thể chất (giảm cân, đau dày, ) Gây rối loạn đồng hồ sinh học Khác 8.3) Theo bạn, việc làm thêm có ảnh hưởng tới sức khỏe bạn? (cho điểm theo mức độ ảnh hưởng với ảnh hưởng hoàn toàn tiêu cực đến ảnh hưởng hồn tồn tích cực) Các mối quan hệ gia đình xã hội 9.1) Theo bạn, việc làm thêm ảnh hưởng TÍCH CỰC đến mối quan hệ bạn khía cạnh nào? (có thể chọn nhiều phương án)      Khơng có khía cạnh Mở rộng mối quan hệ xã hội Nâng cao hình ảnh thân mắt gia đình bạn bè Trân trọng công sức thành viên gia đình Khác 9.2) Theo bạn, việc làm thêm ảnh hưởng TIÊU CỰC đến mối quan hệ bạn khía cạnh nào? (có thể chọn nhiều phương án)      Khơng có khía cạnh Giảm thời gian dành cho gia đình bạn bè Kết giao với mối quan hệ xấu Giảm chất lượng mối quan hệ có Khác 20 9.3)Theo bạn, việc làm thêm có ảnh hưởng tới mối quan hệ bạn? (cho điểm theo mức độ ảnh hưởng với ảnh hưởng hoàn toàn tiêu cực đến ảnh hưởng hoàn tồn tích cực) Một số thơng tin chung 10) Số công việc bạn làm tại? 11) Bạn đã/ làm cơng việc gì?       Nhân viên pha chế - phục vụ Nhân viên bán hang Gia sư Shipper Xe ôm công nghệ Khác 12) Thời gian bạn làm việc trung bình ngày? (đơn vị: giờ) 21 ... in Hanoi" in the hopes of generating some ideas and orienting students in choosing parttime jobs, proposing some solutions to help them balance study and part- time work, so that parttime jobs... right orientation about part- time jobs and future goals, but only focus on immediate goals, forgetting the main task of studying, you cannot balance between studying and doing part- time jobs will... impact on learning because many jobs take place in the online environment so students can reduce time and costs for students during pandemic period.    b Positive/Negative? ?effects? ?of part- time jobs