ENGLISH FOR AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING-UNIT 8 doc

There is also a great demand for trained and experienced person in this industry for diagnosing motor vehicle troubles, repairing and replacing engines, components, transmissions, propel

ENGLISH FOR AUTOMOBLE

ENGINEERING

LECTURER: LANG VAN THANG

FACUTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

HO CHI MINH UNIVERSITY OF INDUSTRY

EMAIL: thang.langvan@hotmail.com

SUBJECTS

UNIT 8

ENGLISH FOR AUTOMOBILE

ENGINEERING

www.fme.edu.vn

The automobile industry is a fast developing industry From the later 18th century, when the first automobile was put on road, this industry has developed tremendously Now there are thousands of factories all over the world manufacturing numerous type of automobile The automobile engines are also being used in engine powered machines for agriculture, construction and manufacturing processes Various types of small engines are also being used in lawn movers, power saws, snow removers and similar equipments The automobile industry is a developing and demanding industry which does not find its end or saturation point There is a great demand for varied types of automobile products, vehicles and engines

INTRODUCTION

There is also a great demand for trained and experienced person in this industry for diagnosing motor vehicle troubles, repairing and replacing engines, components, transmissions, propeller shafts, differentials, axles, steering system components, brake system components, air-conditioners, heater, body and glass work.

The automobile is a self – propelled, wheeled, steerable vehicle used for transporting people and small cargoes on land Automobiles are classified by number of drive wheels and axles, capacity, sizes, styles, number of doors, and intended use

INTRODUCTION

All passenger cars, trucks, and buses have certain things

in common: a power plant or engine; a chassis, which consists of the frame, drive-train, suspension, and steering, and includes the wheels and brakes; the power train, which transmits and distributes power from the engine to the car’s driving wheels, and a body, which provides some protection for driver and passengers and gives the vehicle shape and identity

INTRODUCTION

Throughout the world, many different types of engines have been used in automobile Today, generally, they are internal- combustion engines that burn gasoline or diesel fuel Most passenger car engines run on gasoline, are liquid- cooled, and are of four- stroke, overhead- valve, reciprocating type, with carburetor or fuel injection

Almost all automobiles use reciprocating engines, in which pistons move up and down inside tubular cylinders The pistons are connected, by means of an articulated connecting rod, to a spinning crankshaft, which converts their back- and –forth movement to circular motion Some vehicles have Wankel engines, which contain triangular rotating pistons that rotate inside combustion chambers

ENGINE

The diesel engine, which burns fuel oil, is more common

in large trucks and buses Diesel engines do not use spark plug ignition systems Instead, they spray fuel into the cylinders, where it is ignited spontaneously by the heat of compression

ENGINE

Gasoline Engine

Gasoline Engine

An automobile chassis includes the car’s frame, power train, suspension, wheels, steering, and brake systems Earlier cars had full, ladder- type frames on which the body was mounted in separate pieces Modern cars are made from a welded steel uni-body that combines the function of the frame with the central cabin of the body The sub-frame, front or rear, is a small steel brace that supports the engine

or suspension and is welded to the car’s uni-body structure.The automobile’s wheels are attached to the chassis by a suspension system consisting of control arms, springs, and shock absorbers Spring may be any of three types: coil, leaf, or torsion bar Shock absorbers damp vertical wheel movement and restrict the pitch and roll of the car’s chassis while it is in motion

CHASSIS

The steering system normally controls the angle of the front wheels relative to the centerline of the car As the steering wheel is turned, a gear under the hood changes the rotary motion to the lateral motion, which is transmitted by steering arms to the front wheels, causing them to deflect to the left or right and making the car turn Most cars today have power steering, which uses engine power to reduce the effort of turning of the steering wheel Some vehicles use four-wheel steering, which allows the rear as well as the front wheels to steer, although too much lesser degree While this system adds stability and maneuverability to a vehicle, it also adds weight, cost, and complexity.

CHASSIS

To power the brake system, hydraulic fluid in the master cylinder is forced through brake lines to the wheels, in proportion to the force applied on the brake pedal The pressure of the fluid drives brake shoes or pads against disks or drums that are fixed to the wheels Friction from the brake pads causes the moving wheels to slow or stop With power brakes, power from the engine is used to decrease the pedal pressure needed to stop the car.

CHASSIS

The power train includes a transmission- manual or automatic; a clutch on cars with manual transmissions; a differential; wheel axles; and in rear- drives cars, a drive shaft While cars with a front engine, rear drive layout were the norm for many years, most cars today are front- engine , front- drive Front drive creates more passenger space and offers better traction on snowy or wet roads Some cars and light trucks designed to go off road or through bad weather use all- wheel drive, where all four wheels are coupled to the engine Because of the great difference in engine speed and load between a car that is accelerating from a stop and one that is cruising at a steady speed, different gear ratios are needed to match engine output with the inertial of the vehicle

POWER TRAIN

Most automobile transmissions have between two and six gear ratios, along with reverse gear When the vehicle is started from rest, a high gear ratio is needed As speed increases, lower gear ratios are selected.

Shifting gear is accomplished in manual transmissions by

a gearshift lever and a clutch, both operated by the driver When the driver presses down on the clutch pedal while shifting gears, the clutch disengages the engine and no power is sent to the transmission Automatic transmissions have internal clutches that disengage the engine automatically as the gears changes

POWER TRAIN

POWER TRAIN

Automobile bodies are usually made of stamped steel or cast fiberglass Body styles include two-door, four-door, hatchback, convertible, station wagon, and minivan Sports cars have no hard tops and are usually low and wide Designers attempt to produce models that are appealing to the eye, resemble other products from the same manufacturer, and are aerodynamically efficient Low wind resistance makes for good fuel economy and reduces noise-causing turbulence, making a quieter inside environment for passengers.

BODY

BODY

CHECKING READING AND COMPREHENTION

Put True or False to indicate if the statements below are True or False according to the facts in the reading text

1.In gasoline engines, fuel is ignited by compression whereas in diesel engines, it is ignited by a spark plug

2.The conversion of the back- and- forth movement of the piston into the circular movement is unnecessary in Wankel engines

3.The uni-body serves as the car’s frame and the central cabin

4.The power steering system makes it easier for the drivers to steer automobiles

CHECKING READING AND COMPREHENTION

Put True or False to indicate if the statements below are True or False according to the facts in the reading text

5 The steering gear converts the horizontal motion of the steering wheel into a rotating force that turns the wheels

6 Power brakes use pressure from the engine, requiring less effort by the driver

7 All wheel drive is an option the driver selects for certain bad road conditions

8 Automatic transmissions require drivers to press down on the clutch pedal while shifting gears

a the mechanical system,

including gears and shafts, by which power is transmitted from the engine of a motor vehicle to the drive wheels

b gears or other devices convert

the rotating motion of the steering wheel into a horizontal force that turns the wheels

c a system of springs and shock

absorbers on a wheeled vehicle that reduces the impact of bumps and uneven running surfaces on the occupants and gives the wheels better contact

d the number of revolutions of a

driving gear required to turn a driven gear through one complete revolution

e an arrangement of gears that

allows two shafts driven by a third

to turn at different speeds, for example, in a motor vehicle

f the portion of a vehicle’s drive

mechanism that transmits power from the engine to the wheels It includes the clutch, transmission, driveshaft, and differential, and etc

g the frame and wheels that

support the engine and body of a motor vehicle

h a shaft on which a wheel or set

of wheels revolves, especially a shaft under the body of a vehicle that connects a pair of wheels

i a unit that supplies the power to

move a self-propelled object, for example, a diesel- electric engine

in a locomotive or an combustion engine in an

internal-automobile

j a device that enables two rotating

shafts to be connected and disconnected smoothly, especially one in a motor vehicle that

transmits power from the engine to the gearbox