EASIER ENGLISH BASIC DICTIONARY 8 doc

flour 130 fond your body relaxed ć She got back from the sales and flopped down on the sofa. 2. to be unsuccessful ć The play was a big hit on Broadway but it flopped in London. (NOTE: flops – flopping – flopped) flour flour /flaυə/ noun wheat grain crushed to powder, used for making food such as bread or cakes flourish flourish /flrʃ/ verb 1. to grow well; to be successful ć Palms flourish in hot countries. 2. to wave something in the air ć She came in with a big smile, flour- ishing a cheque. flow flow /fləυ/ verb to move along smoothly ć The river flows into the sea. ć Traffic on the motorway is flowing smoothly. í noun the movement of things such as liquid or air, or of people ć She tried to stop the flow of blood with a tight band- age. ć There was a steady flow of visi- tors to the exhibition. flower flower /flaυə/ noun the colourful part of a plant, which attracts insects and pro- duces fruit or seeds ć a plant with bright yellow flowers ˽ in flower cov- ered with flowers ć Go to Japan when the cherry trees are in flower. í verb to produce flowers ć a plant which flowers in early summer ć The cherry trees flowered very late this year. flown flown /fləυn/ past participle of fly flu flu /flu/ noun a common illness like a bad cold, often with a high temperature fluid fluid /flud/ noun a liquid ć You need to drink plenty of fluids in hot weather. flung flung /flŋ/ past tense and past participle of fling fly fly /fla/ noun a small insect with wings which eats food and spreads diseases ć He tried to kill the fly with a newspaper. ć Cover the food to protect it from flies. í verb 1. to move through the air using wings ć When the cat came into the garden, the birds flew away. ć Some birds fly to Africa for the winter. 2. to travel in a plane ć I’m flying to China next week. ć He flies across the Atlantic twice a month. 3. to be quick ć I must fly if I want to get home by 6 o’clock. (NOTE: flies – flying – flew /flu/ – has flown / fləυn/) ȣ time flies time passes quickly ć His daughter is already two – how time flies! flying flying /flaŋ/ adjective flying in the air ć flying ants í noun the act of travel- ling in a plane ć He has a fear of flying. foam foam /fəυm/ noun a mass of small bub- bles ć This soap makes a large amount of foam. fog fog /fɒ/ noun a thick mist made up of many tiny drops of water fold fold /fəυld/ noun a piece of something such as cloth or skin which hangs down loosely ć She wanted the surgeon to re- move the folds of skin under her chin. í verb to bend something such as a piece of paper so that one part is on top of the other ć Fold the piece of paper in half. ć He folded the newspaper and put it into his briefcase. folder folder /fəυldə/ noun an envelope made of thin card or plastic and used for hold- ing papers folk folk /fəυk/ noun people (NOTE: Folk takes a plural verb. The plural form folks is also used.) follow follow /fɒləυ/ verb 1. to come after or behind someone or something ć What letter follows B in the alphabet? ć The dog followed me all the way home. 2. to walk or drive behind someone, e.g. in order to see where they are going ć I had the impression I was being fol- lowed. 3. to do what someone tells you to do ć She followed the instructions on the tin of paint. ć He made the cake fol- lowing a recipe in the newspaper. ȣ fol- low suit to do what someone else does ć She jumped into the pool and every- one else followed suit. follower follower /fɒləυə/ noun a supporter following following /fɒləυŋ/ adjective which comes next ć They arrived on Friday and the following day she became ill. ć Look at the following picture. í prepo- sition after ć Following his death, his son sold the family house. fond fond /fɒnd/ adjective liking someone or something ć I’m fond of my sister’s children. ć Michael’s very fond of play- ing golf. Basic.fm Page 130 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM fondly 131 forehead fondly fondly /fɒndli/ adverb in a way which shows you are fond of someone or something food food /fud/ noun things which you eat ć This hotel is famous for its good food. ć Do you like German food? foolish foolish /fulʃ/ adjective showing a lack of intelligence or good judgment ć That was a rather foolish thing to do. ć I felt rather foolish. foot foot /fυt/ noun 1. the part at the end of your leg on which you stand ć She has very small feet. ć Watch out, you trod on my foot! ˽ on foot walking ć They com- pleted the rest of the journey on foot. 2. the bottom part; the end ć There is a door at the foot of the stairs. ć There are traffic lights at the foot of the hill. ć Sign the document at the foot of the page. 3. a unit of measurement equal to about 30 centimetres ć The table is four foot or four feet long. ć She’s almost six foot tall. ć I’m five foot seven (5’ 7"). ı inch (NOTE: The plural is feet. As a measurement foot often has no plural form: six foot tall ; three foot wide . With numbers foot is also often written with the symbol ’ a 6’ ladder ; he is 5’ 6 : say ‘he’s five foot six’.) football football /fυtbɔl/ noun 1. a game played between two teams of eleven players with a round ball which can be kicked or headed, but not carried ć They went to a football match. ć The children were playing football in the street. ć Let’s have a game of football. ć He spends all his time watching football on TV. ć He’s got a new pair of football boots. 2. a ball used for kicking; the ball used in the various games of football ć They were kicking a football around in the street. footballer footballer /fυtbɔlə/ noun a person who plays football footprint footprint /fυtprnt/ noun a mark left by someone’s foot on the ground ć They followed the footprints in the snow to the cave. footstep footstep /fυtstep/ noun a sound made by a foot touching the ground ć We heard soft footsteps along the corridor. for for /fə, fɔ/ preposition 1. showing the purpose or use of something ć This plastic bag is for the apples. ć What’s that key for? 2. showing the occasion on which or the reason why something is given ć What did you get for your birth- day? ć What did you win for coming first? 3. showing the person who re- ceives something ć There was no mail for you this morning. ć I’m making a cup of tea for my mother. 4. showing how long something takes ć He has gone to France for two days. ć We’ve been waiting here for hours. 5. showing distance ć You can see for miles from the top of the hill. ć The motorway goes for kilometres without any service sta- tions. 6. showing where someone or something is going ć Is this the plane for Edinburgh? ć When is the next bus for Oxford Circus? 7. in the place of someone ć Can you write this letter for me? forbid forbid /fə  bd/ verb to tell someone that they are not allowed to do something ć The staff are forbidden to use the front entrance. (NOTE: forbids – forbidding – forbade / fə  bd/ – forbidden /fə  bd(ə)n/) force force /fɔs/ noun 1. strength or power ć The force of the wind blew tiles off the roof. ć The police had to use force to re- strain the crowd. 2. an organised group of people ć He served in the police force for twenty years. í verb to make someone do something ć He was forced to stop smoking. ć You can’t force me to go if I don’t want to. forecast forecast /fɔkɑst/ noun what you think will happen in the future ć His forecast of sales turned out to be com- pletely accurate. í verb to say what will happen in the future ć They are fore- casting storms for the south coast. ć They forecast a rise in the number of tourists. (NOTE: forecasts – forecast- ing – forecast) foreground foreground /fɔraυnd/ noun a part of a picture which seems nearest the front forehead forehead /fɔhed/ noun the part of the front of the head above the eyes and be- low the line of the hair Basic.fm Page 131 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM foreign 132 fortune foreign foreign /fɒrn/ adjective not from your own country ć There are lots of foreign medical students at our college. foreigner foreigner /fɒrnə/ noun a person who does not come from the same country as you forest forest /fɒrst/ noun a large area covered with trees ć The country is covered with thick forests. ć In dry weather there’s a danger of forest fires. ć In winter bears come out of the forest to search for food. forever forever /fɔr  evə/, for ever /fər evə/ adverb 1. always in the future ć I will love you forever. 2. a very long time ć It took us forever to get to the hotel. forget forget /fə  et/ verb 1. not to remember ć He’s forgotten the name of the restau- rant. ć I’ve forgotten how to play chess. ć She forgot all about her doctor’s ap- pointment. 2. to leave something behind ć When he left the office he forgot his car keys. (NOTE: forgets – forgetting – forgot / fə  ɒt/ – has forgotten /fə  ɒtən/) forgive forgive /fə  v/ verb to stop being angry with someone ć Don’t worry about it – I forgive you! ć Will she ever forgive me for forgetting her birthday? (NOTE: for- gives – forgiving – forgave / fə  ev/ – has forgiven) forgot forgot /fə  ɒt/ past tense of forget forgotten forgotten /fə  ɒt(ə)n/ past participle of forget fork fork /fɔk/ noun an object with a handle at one end and several sharp points at the other, used for picking up food and putting it in your mouth ć Don’t try to eat Chinese food with a knife and fork. ć It’s polite to use a fork to eat cake – don’t use your fingers. í verb to be- come two parts ć The railway line forks at Crewe and one branch goes to the coast. form form /fɔm/ noun 1. an official paper with spaces, in which you are asked to write information such as your name and address ? Could you please fill in this form with your details? 2. a state or condition ć Their team wasn’t in top form and lost. ˽ in good form in a good mood; well ć She’s in good form today. 3. a class, usually in a secondary school ć She’s in the third form. í verb 1. to sit or stand with others so as to make a par- ticular shape ć The children formed a circle. ć Form a queue here, please. 2. ˽ formed of made of ć The team is formed of ex-students. formal formal /fɔm(ə)l/ adjective 1. done ac- cording to certain rules ć The formal opening ceremony was performed by the mayor. 2. serious in style; suitable for special or official occasions ć ‘Good afternoon’ is a formal way of saying ‘Hello’ in the afternoon. formally formally /fɔməli/ adverb according to rules; done or spoken in a serious way formation formation /fɔ  meʃ(ə)n/ noun the act of forming something ć The formation of ice occurs at temperatures below ze- ro. former former /fɔmə/ adjective referring to a person’s or a thing’s job or position at an earlier time ć a former army officer ć The former champion came last in the race. formerly formerly /fɔməli/ adverb at an earlier time ć He was formerly head of our de- partment. fort fort /fɔt/ noun a strong army building which can be defended against enemy attacks ć The soldiers rode out of the fort. ć He was posted to a fort in the desert. forth forth /fɔθ/ adverb forwards fortieth fortieth /fɔtəθ/ adjective relating to the number 40 in a series ć her fortieth birthday ć He came fortieth and last in the race. ć It’s her fortieth birthday to- morrow. fortnight fortnight /fɔtnat/ noun two weeks (NOTE: not used in US English) fortunate fortunate /fɔtʃənət/ adjective having better things happen to you than happen to other people ć You are very fortunate to have such a lovely family. fortunately fortunately /fɔtʃənətli/ adverb by good luck ć Fortunately, he had remem- bered to take an umbrella. ć He was late getting to the airport, but fortunate- ly the flight had been delayed. fortune fortune /fɔtʃən/ noun 1. a large amount of money ć He won a fortune on the lottery. ć She made a fortune on Basic.fm Page 132 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM forty 133 fracture the stock market. ć She left her fortune to her three children. 2. what will hap- pen in the future ć She claims to be able to tell your fortune using cards. forty forty /fɔti/ noun the number 40 ć She’s forty (years old). ć He has more than forty pairs of shoes. ˽ forties the num- bers between 40 and 49 forward forward /fɔwəd/ adjective confident ć She was always very forward as a child. í adverb 1. in the direction that some- one or something is facing ć She bent forward to hear what he had to say. ć He took two steps forward. ć The po- liceman made a sign with his hand and the cars began to go forward. 2. towards the future ć We need to do some forward planning. ˽ to look forward to some- thing to think happily about something which is going to happen ć I’m looking forward to my holidays. ć He isn’t look- ing forward to his exams. ć I’m looking forward to seeing her again. í noun a player in a team whose job is to attack the other side ć The England defence came under attack from the other team’s forwards. forwards forwards /fɔwədz/ adverb in the di- rection that someone or something is facing ć She bent forwards to hear what he had to say. ć He took two steps for- wards. ć The policeman made a sign with his hand and the cars began to go forwards. fossil fossil /fɒs(ə)l/ noun the mark of an ani- mal or plant left in a rock, formed over millions of years fought fought /fɔt/ past tense and past partici- ple of fight foul foul /faυl/ adjective 1. smelling or tasting unpleasant ć A foul-smelling drain ran down the centre of the street. 2. very un- pleasant ć What foul weather we’re having! ć The boss has been in a foul temper all day. í noun an action which is against the rules of a game ć The ref- eree gave a free kick for a foul on the goalkeeper. ć Look at the action replay to see if it really was a foul. (NOTE: Do not confuse with fowl.) í verb to do something to another player which is against the rules of a game ć He was fouled inside the penalty box so the ref gave a penalty. found found /faυnd/ verb to establish some- thing; to begin something ć The busi- ness was founded in 1900. í past tense and past participle of find foundation foundation /faυn  deʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. the act of establishing something or of set- ting something up ć Ever since its foun- dation in 1892, the company has been a great success. 2. a charitable organisa- tion which provides money for certain projects ć a foundation for educational research fountain fountain /faυntn/ noun an object or a structure with a pump which makes a stream of water come out, usually found in a street or a large garden four four /fɔ/ noun the number 4 ć A square has four corners. ć He’s four (years old). ć I have an appointment with the doctor at four (o’clock). fourteen fourteen /fɔ  tin/ noun the number 14 ć There are fourteen houses in our street. ć He’s fourteen (years old) next week. fourteenth fourteenth /fɔ  tinθ/ adjective , noun relating to the number 14 in a series ć She came fourteenth in the race. ć The fourteenth of July or July the fourteenth (July 14th). ć It was her fourteenth birthday yesterday. fourth fourth /fɔθ/ adjective referring to 4 ć the fourth of October or October the fourth (October 4th) ć This is the fourth time he’s had to go to hospital this year. ć It’s her fourth birthday tomorrow. í number 14 in a series ć I’ve had so many letters – this is the fourteenth. fox fox /fɒks/ noun a wild animal with red- dish fur and a long thick tail (NOTE: The plural is foxes.) fraction fraction /frkʃən/ noun 1. ( in mathe- matics ) a unit that is less than a whole number ć 0.25 and 0.5 are ¼ and ½ ex- pressed as fractions. 2. a small part of something ć Only a fraction of the sto- len money was ever found. fracture fracture /frktʃə/ noun a break, espe- cially in a bone ć The X-ray showed up the fracture clearly. í verb to break a bone ć He fractured his leg in the acci- Basic.fm Page 133 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM fragile 134 fridge dent. ć They put her fractured leg in plaster. fragile fragile /frdal/ adjective made from materials that are easily broken ć Be careful when you’re packing these plates – they’re very fragile. fragment fragment /frmənt/ noun a small piece ć When digging on the site of the house they found fragments of very old glass. frail frail /frel/ adjective physically weak, es- pecially because of age ć His grand- mother is now rather frail. frame frame /frem/ noun a border around something such as a pair of glasses, a picture, a mirror or a window ć He has glasses with gold frames. ć I think the frame is worth more than the painting. í verb to put a frame round a picture ć The photograph has been framed in red. free free /fri/ adjective 1. not costing any money ć Send in four tokens from cere- al boxes and you can get a free toy. ć I got a free ticket for the exhibition. 2. not busy; available ć Will you be free next Tuesday? ć There is a table free in the corner of the restaurant. ć Do you have any free time next week? 3. able to do what you want; not forced to do any- thing ć He’s free to do what he wants. 4. not in prison or a cage ć After six years in prison he’s a free man again. ˽ to set someone or something free to allow someone to leave prison, or to let an an- imal out of a cage ć The young birds were raised in the zoo and then set free in the wild. í verb to release someone who is trapped ć It took the fire service some time to free the passengers in the bus. (NOTE: frees – freeing – freed) freedom freedom /fridəm/ noun 1. the state of being free, rather than being forced to stay somewhere or being in prison ć She felt a sense of freedom being in the country after working all week in the city. ć His lawyer pleaded for his cli- ent’s freedom. 2. the state of being al- lowed to do what you want ć They are trying to restrict our freedom of move- ment. freeze freeze /friz/ verb 1. ( of a liquid ) to be- come solid because of the cold ć The winter was mild, and for the first time ever the river did not freeze over. ć It’s so cold that the lake has frozen solid. 2. to make food very cold so that it does not decay ć We froze the raspberries we picked this morning. 3. to become very cold ć The forecast is that it will freeze tonight. ć Put a hat on or you’ll freeze! (NOTE: freezes – freezing – froze / frəυz/ – has frozen) freezer freezer /frizə/ noun a piece of equip- ment like a large box, which is very cold inside, used for freezing food and keep- ing it frozen freezing freezing /frizŋ/ adjective very cold French French /frentʃ/ adjective referring to France í noun the language spoken in France frequency frequency /frikwənsi/ noun the number of times that something hap- pens over a particular period of time ć The government is becoming alarmed at the frequency of accidents in the con- struction industry. (NOTE: no plural) frequent frequent /frikwənt/ adjective happen- ing or appearing often ć He was a fre- quent visitor to the library. ć Skin can- cer is becoming more frequent. ć How frequent are the planes to Birmingham? frequently frequently /frikwəntli/ adverb often ć The ferries don’t run as frequently in the winter. ć She could frequently be seen walking her dog in the park. fresh fresh /freʃ/ adjective 1. not used or not dirty ć I’ll get you a fresh towel. 2. made recently ć a basket of fresh rolls ć Let’s ask for a pot of fresh coffee. 3. new and different ć The police produced some fresh evidence. 4. ( of food ) not in a tin or frozen ć Fresh fruit salad is bet- ter than tinned. ć Fresh vegetables are difficult to get in winter. Friday Friday /frade/ noun the fifth day of the week, the day between Thursday and Saturday ć We all had a meal together last Friday. ć We always go to the cine- ma on Friday evenings. ć We normally have our meetings on Fridays. ć Friday is a day of rest for Muslims. ć Today is Friday, June 20th. fridge fridge /frd/ noun a kitchen machine for keeping things cold ć The fridge is emp- Basic.fm Page 134 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM fried 135 frozen ty – we must buy some more food. ć Shall I put the milk back in the fridge? fried fried /frad/ past tense and past participle of fry í adjective cooked in oil or fat friend friend /frend/ noun a person that you know well and like ć She’s my best friend. ć We’re going on holiday with some friends from work. friendly friendly /frendli/ adjective pleasant and kind, wanting to make friends ć Don’t be frightened of the dog – he’s very friendly. ć We’re not on friendly terms with the people who live next door. (NOTE: friendlier – friendliest) friendship friendship /frendʃp/ noun the state of being friends ć He formed several last- ing friendships at school. fries fries /fraz/ 3rd person singular present of fry fright fright /frat/ noun fear frighten frighten /frat(ə)n/ verb to make some- one afraid ć Take off that horrible mask – you’ll frighten the children. ć The cat has frightened all the birds away. frightened frightened /fratn(ə)d/ adjective afraid ć The frightened children ran out of the building. frightening frightening /frat(ə)nŋ/ adjective making you feel afraid ć a frightening sound of footsteps in the corridor ć He had a frightening thought – what if no one heard his cries for help? frog frog /frɒ/ noun a small greenish-brown animal with long legs, which jumps, and lives both on land and in water ć He kept some tadpoles in a jar hoping they would turn into frogs. ć Can you hear the frogs croaking round the pond? from from /frəm, frɒm/ preposition 1. away 2. showing the place where something starts or started ć He comes from Ger- many. ć The bees went from flower to flower. ć We’ve had a letter from the bank. ć He read the book from begin- ning to end. ć Take three from four and you get one. ć I took a book from the pile on his desk. 3. showing the time when something starts or started ć I’ll be at home from 8 o’clock onwards. ć The hours of work are 9.30 to 5.30, from Monday to Friday. ć From now on I’m going to get up early. 4. showing dis- tance ć It is not far from here to the rail- way station. 5. showing difference ć Can you tell butter from margarine? ć His job is totally different from mine. 6. showing a cause ć He died from the in- juries he received in the accident. ć He suffers from angina. ć She suffers from coughs every winter. front front /frnt/ noun a part of something which is furthest forward ć The front of the house is on London Road. ć She spilt coffee down the front of her dress. í adjective which is in front ć She sat in the front seat, next to the driver. ȣ in front further forwards ć Her mother sat in the back seat and she sat in front. ȣ in front of someone or something before or further forwards than some- thing ć Don’t stand in front of the car – it may start suddenly. ć There are six people in front of me in the queue. ć You can park your car in front of the shop. front door front door /frnt dɔ/ noun the main door to a house or building frost frost /frɒst/ noun 1. a white covering on the ground that appears when the tem- perature is below freezing ć The garden was white with frost. 2. an occasion on which the temperature outside is below freezing ć There was a hard frost last night. ć There’s a touch of frost in the air. ć A late frost can damage young plants. frown frown /fraυn/ verb to make lines in the skin on your forehead because you are concentrating or worried ć He frowned as he tried to do the calculation. í noun pulling your eyebrows together as a sign that you are angry or worried ć Take that frown off your face – everything’s going to be all right. frown on phrasal verb to disapprove of something ć The teachers frown on singing in the corridors. ć The company frowns on people who bring food into the office. froze froze /frəυz/ past tense of freeze frozen frozen /frəυz(ə)n/ past participle of freeze í adjective 1. very cold ć Come inside – you must be frozen out there. 2. at a temperature below freezing point ć We went skating on the frozen lake. Basic.fm Page 135 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM fruit 136 funnel fruit fruit /frut/ noun a food that grows on trees or plants, which is often eaten raw and is usually sweet ć You should eat five pieces of fruit or vegetables every day. ć He has six fruit trees in his gar- den. fry fry /fra/ verb to cook something in oil or fat ć Fry the onions over a low heat so that they don’t burn. ć Fry the eggs in some fat. (NOTE: fries /fraz/ – frying – fried / frad/) frying pan frying pan /fraŋ pn/ noun an open pan with low sides, used for frying fuel fuel /fjuəl/ noun a substance such coal, gas, oil, petrol or wood which can be burnt to give heat or power ć What fuel do you use to heat the house? ć We ran out of fuel on the motorway. fulfil fulfil /fυl  fl/ verb to complete something in a satisfactory way ć He died before he could fulfil his ambition to fly a plane. ć We are so busy that we cannot fulfil any more orders before Christmas. (NOTE: fulfilling – fulfilled. The US spelling is fulfill.) full full /fυl/ adjective 1. with as much inside as is possible ć Is the box full? ć The bag is full of potatoes. ć We couldn’t get on the first bus because it was full. ć All the hotels were full. 2. complete ć You must give the police full details of the accident. ć Write your full name and address at the top of the paper. í adverb completely ć The story has never been told in full. full stop full stop /fυl stɒp/ noun a punctuation mark like a small dot, showing the end of a sentence or an abbreviation fully fully /fυli/ adverb completely ć He was fully aware that he had made a mistake. ć She still hasn’t fully recovered from her accident. ć The hotel is fully booked for the Christmas week. ć When fully grown, an elephant can weigh several tons. fun fun /fn/ noun enjoyment from an activi- ty ć Having to stay in bed on my birth- day is not much fun. ˽ to have fun to en- joy yourself ć We had a lot of fun on the river. ˽ for fun as a joke or for enjoy- ment ć She poured water down his neck for fun. ć Just for fun, he drove the car through town dressed as a gorilla. ć Why did you do that? – Just for the fun of it! ȣ to make fun of someone, to poke fun at someone to laugh at someone ć Don’t make fun of her – she’s trying her best. ć He poked fun at the Prime Minister. function function /fŋkʃən/ noun 1. a party, or a gathering of people ć We have two wed- ding functions in the main restaurant this weekend. ć The Prime Minister busy up with official functions all week. 2. the work done by someone or some- thing ć The function of a goalkeeper is to stop the ball going into the net. ć What’s the function of that red switch? í verb to work ć The computer is still functioning well after years of use. fund fund /fnd/ noun an amount of money intended for a particular purpose ć She contributes to a pension fund. í verb to provide money for a special purpose ć We have asked the government to fund the building of the new library. ć The company is funding her manager’s course. fundamental fundamental /fndə  ment(ə)l/ adjec- tive basic; essential ć The fundamental difference between us is that I apologise for my mistakes and you don’t. ć Good air quality is fundamental for children’s health. funds funds /fndz/ noun money which is available for spending ć He started a course at college and then ran out of funds. ć The company has the funds to set up the research programme. ć Funds are available to get the project off the ground. funeral funeral /fjun(ə)rəl/ noun a ceremony at which a dead person is buried or cre- mated ć The church was packed for her funeral. ć The funeral will take place on Friday morning. fungus fungus /fŋəs/ noun a plant which has no green leaves or flowers and which lives on decaying matter or on other plants (NOTE: The plural is fungi / fŋa/.) funnel funnel /fn(ə)l/ noun a tube with a wide opening and a narrow tube, used when pouring liquids from one container into another Basic.fm Page 136 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM funny 137 future funny funny /fni/ adjective 1. making people laugh ć He made funny faces and all the children laughed. ć That joke isn’t fun- ny. 2. strange ć She’s been behaving in a funny way recently. ć There’s a funny smell in the bathroom. (NOTE: funnier – funniest) fur fur /f/ noun the soft covering of an ani- mal’s body ć This type of cat has very short fur. ć She was wearing a fur coat. ć Have you got any fur-lined boots? (NOTE: Do not confuse with fir.) furious furious /fjυəriəs/ adjective very angry furniture furniture /fntʃə/ noun objects in, e.g. a house or an office such as tables, chairs, beds and cupboards ć The bur- glars stole all our office furniture. ć You should cover up all the furniture before you start painting the ceiling. (NOTE: no plural: some furniture ; a lot of furniture ; a piece of furniture ) furry furry /fri/ adjective covered with fur further further /fðə/ adverb at or to a greater distance ć Can you all move further back – I can’t get you in the picture. ć The police station is quite close, but the post office is further away. ć Edinburgh is further from London than Newcastle. í adjective more ć The bank needs fur- ther information about your salary. ć Please send me further details of holi- days in Greece. furthest furthest /fðəst/ adverb , adjective at or to the greatest distance ć Some of the staff live quite close to the office – James lives furthest away. ć The furthest dis- tance I have ever flown is to Hong Kong. fury fury /fjυəri/ noun very strong anger ć He shouted at us in fury. fuse fuse /fjuz/ noun a small piece of wire in an electrical system which breaks if too much power tries to pass through it, so preventing further damage ć The plug has a 13-amp fuse. ć If the lights go out, the first thing to do is to check the fuses. fuss fuss /fs/ noun unnecessary excitement or complaints ć What’s all the fuss about? future future /fjutʃə/ noun a time which has not yet happened ć What are his plans for the future? ć You never know what the future will bring. ć Can you imagine what London will be like in the future? í adjective which is coming; which has not happened yet ć They are spending all their time preparing for their future retirement. ć I try to save something each week for future expenses. Basic.fm Page 137 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM G g g /di/, G noun the seventh letter of the alphabet, between F and H gadget gadget /dt/ noun a small useful tool gain gain /en/ verb 1. to achieve something, or get it with some work or effort ć The army gained control of the country. ć She gained some useful experience working for a computer company. 2. ( of a clock or watch ) to move ahead of the correct time ć My watch gains five min- utes a day. í noun 1. an increase in weight, quantity or size ć There was no gain in weight over three weeks 2. ben- efit or profit ć He doesn’t do the job for financial gain. galaxy galaxy /ləksi/ noun an extremely large group of stars ć There are vast numbers of galaxies in the universe. (NOTE: The plural is galaxies.) Galaxy, the Galaxy, the /ləksi/ noun the large group of stars and planets that the Earth forms part of gale gale /el/ noun a very strong wind gallery gallery /ləri/ noun 1. ˽ (art) gallery a place where objects such as pictures and sculptures are shown to the public 2. the highest rows of seats in a theatre or cinema ć We managed to get two seats in the gallery. (NOTE: The plural is galleries.) gallon gallon /lən/ noun a measure of quan- tity of liquid, equal to 4.55 litres ć The car was empty and I had to put in seven gallons of petrol. gallop gallop /ləp/ verb to go fast, especial- ly on horseback ć The riders galloped through the woods. ć He galloped through his lecture. í noun the fastest running speed of a horse ć The horse went off at a gallop. game game /em/ noun 1. an activity in which people compete with each other using skill, strength or luck ć She’s not very good at games like chess. 2. a sin- gle match between two opponents or two opposing teams ć Everyone wanted to watch the game of football. ć Do you want a game of snooker? ć Our team have won all their games this year. 3. a single session in an activity or sport such as tennis or cards ć She’s winning by six games to three. 4. wild animals and birds such as deer, rabbits and pheasants, which are killed for sport or food í plural noun Games a large or- ganised sports competition ć the Olym- pic Games gang gang /ŋ/ noun 1. a group of criminals ć a drugs gang 2. a group of young peo- ple who do things together, especially one that causes trouble ć Gangs of foot- ball fans wandered the streets after the match. 3. a group of workers ć Gangs of men worked all night to repair the rail- way track. gap gap /p/ noun a space between two things or in the middle of something ć There’s a gap between the two planks. ć The sheep all rushed through the gap in the hedge. gape gape /ep/ verb 1. to open your mouth wide in surprise or shock 2. to be wide open ć The entrance to the cave gaped before us. garage garage /rd, rɑ/ noun 1. a building where you can keep a car ć He put the car into the garage overnight. ć She drove the car out of the garage. ć Don’t forget to lock the garage door. ć The hotel has garage space for thirty cars. 2. a place where petrol is sold and where cars are repaired or sold ć Where’s the nearest garage? I need some petrol. ć I can’t drive you to the station – my car is in the garage for re- pair. ć You can hire cars from the ga- rage near the post office. garbage garbage /ɑbd/ noun 1. nonsense ć I don’t believe a word of what he said – Basic.fm Page 138 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM garden 139 generation it’s just garbage. (NOTE: no plural) 2. ( mainly US ) household waste garden garden /ɑd(ə)n/ noun an area of land near a house, used for growing such things as vegetables and flowers ć We grow all the vegetables we need in the back garden. ć Your sister’s outside, sit- ting in the garden. gardener gardener /ɑd(ə)nə/ noun a person who looks after a garden either as a hob- by or as a job gardening gardening /ɑd(ə)nŋ/ noun the activ- ity of looking after a garden garlic garlic /ɑlk/ noun a round white vege- table with a strong smell, which can be separated into sections and used to give flavour to food gas gas /s/ noun 1. a chemical substance which has no form and which becomes liquid if it is cooled ć Air is made up of several gases, mainly nitrogen and oxy- gen. ć Rubbish gives off a type of gas called methane as it rots. 2. a chemical substance which is burnt to make heat, e.g. for cooking gasoline gasoline /səlin/ noun US a liquid, made from petrol, used to drive a car en- gine (NOTE: usually shortened to gas) gasp gasp /ɑsp/ verb to take a short deep breath ć He gasped when he saw the bill. í noun a sudden loud breath that you take when you are surprised or in pain ć She gave a gasp when she saw the face at the window. gate gate /et/ noun 1. a low outside door made of bars of wood or metal ć Shut the gate – if you leave it open the sheep will get out of the field. ć There is a white gate leading into the garden. 2. a door which leads to an aircraft at an air- port ć Flight AZ270 is now boarding at Gate 23. gather gather /ðə/ verb 1. to bring things or people together ć He gathered his pa- pers together after the lecture. ć She has been gathering information on the history of the local school. 2. (especially of people) to come together in one place, or be brought together by some- one ć Groups of people gathered out- side the Parliament building. ć They gathered together a team of experienced people for the new project. 3. to under- stand from what someone has told you ć I gather that his father is in hospital. ć We gather he has left the office. 4. to pick plants, flowers or fruit ć The chil- dren were gathering blackberries. ć The grape harvest has been gathered. gave gave /ev/ past tense of give gay gay /e/ adjective 1. attracted to people of the same sex, or relating to people like this ć It’s a club where gay men and women meet. ć They met in a gay bar. 2. bright and lively ( dated ) ć The houses along the street are all painted in gay colours. í noun a person who is attract- ed to someone of the same sex ć a club for gays gaze gaze /ez/ verb to look steadily ć She gazed into his eyes. ć He stood on the cliff, gazing out to sea. í noun a steady look ć She refused to meet his gaze. gear gear /ə/ noun 1. equipment for a partic- ular purpose ć He took all his climbing gear with him. ć She was carrying her painting gear in a rucksack. 2. clothing for a particular purpose ć She was putting on her tennis gear. 3. a part of an engine that makes it possible to change the amount of work the engine has to do to turn the wheels gene gene /din/ noun a set of chemicals in a cell which carries information about features that are passed from parent to child general general /den(ə)rəl/ adjective not spe- cific; covering a wide range of subjects ć He had a good general education, but didn’t specialise in any particular field. í noun an army officer of high rank ć He has only recently been promoted to general. ȣ in general normally ć In general, the weather is warmer in the south. generally generally /den(ə)rəli/ adverb usually ć The office is generally closed between Christmas and the New Year. generate generate /denəret/ verb to produce something such as power ć We use wind to generate electricity. generation generation /denə  reʃ(ə)n/ noun 1. the production of something such as power ć the generation of electricity Basic.fm Page 139 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM [...]... ć I’m finding Russian grammar very difficult ć He’s been learning English for years, and still makes basic grammar mistakes 2 a book of rules of a language ć I’ll look it up in my new German grammar grand / r nd/ adjective 1 big and important ć his grand plan for making a grade gradual gradually graffiti graft grain gram grammar grand Basic. fm Page 146 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM grandad 146 lot... of land used for a special purpose ć a football ground ć a sports ground ć a cricket ground ć a show ground í plural noun grounds 1 a large area of land around ground Basic. fm Page 1 48 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM ground floor 1 48 a big house or institution ć The police searched the school grounds for the weapon ć The village fair is held in the grounds of the hospital 2 reasons ć Does he have... forget to grease the wheels ć She greased the pan before cooking the eggs graze grease Basic. fm Page 147 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM greasy 147 greasy / ri si/ adjective covered with greasy oil or grease ć He wiped his greasy hands on a piece of rag ć I don’t like the chips they serve here – they’re too greasy (NOTE: greasier – greasiest) great / ret/ adjective 1 large ć She was carrying a great big.. .Basic. fm Page 140 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM generous 140 from waves 2 all people born at about the same time ć The 1960s generation had an easier life than we did ć Many people of my father’s generation cannot understand computer technology 3 members of a family born... and rushed out of the room ć You have to shout, my father’s going deaf ć She’s going grey, but it suits her 7 to happen in a particular way ć The party went very well ć Things are going badly at work 8 to make a particular sound ć The balloon landed on a candle and went ‘pop’ ć Do you remember the song that goes: ‘There’s no place like home’? (NOTE: goes – going – went /went/ – has gone / ɒn/) í noun... muttering something about buying cheese 2 (of an alarm) to start making its noise ć The burglar alarm went off in the middle of the night 3 to explode ć The bomb went off when there were still lots of Basic. fm Page 144 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM goal 144 people in the building ć Fireworks were going off everywhere on Bonfire Night go on phrasal verb 1 to continue ć Please go on, I like hearing... gold ć a gold carpet golden / əυld(ə)n/ adjective coloured like gold; made from gold ć She has beautiful golden hair golf / ɒlf/ noun a game played on a large open course, by hitting a small ball into 18 separate holes with a variety of clubs, using as few attempts as possible ć He plays golf every Saturday ć Do you want a game of golf? gone / ɒn/ past participle of go good / υd/ adjective 1 sensible,... shares ć Her Spanish is better than his 2 skilful; clever ć He’s good at making things out of wood ć She’s good with her hands ć He is good at football 3 well-behaved ć Be a good gold golden golf gone good Basic. fm Page 145 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM goodbye 145 girl and I’ll give you a sweet ć Have you been good while we’ve been away? í noun an advantage or a benefit ć The medicine didn’t do me any... verb 1 to move from place to place ć Since he had his accident he gets around on two sticks 2 (of news) to be heard by a lot of people ć The news soon got around that they were married German gesture get Basic. fm Page 141 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM get rid of 141 something ć They got over the wall into the garden 2 to recover from an illness ć He’s got over his flu get through phrasal verb 1 to manage...  (ə)l/ noun a little laugh, often showing you are embarrassed í verb to laugh like this ć When she saw her mother’s hat she started to giggle ć The class giggled at his accent gifted gigantic giggle Basic. fm Page 142 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM ginger 142 ginger / d nd ə/ noun a plant whose glimpse ginger root has a sharp burning taste and is used in cooking ć Fry the meat with spring onions . office. garbage garbage /ɑbd/ noun 1. nonsense ć I don’t believe a word of what he said – Basic. fm Page 1 38 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM garden 139 generation it’s just garbage. (NOTE: no plural). generation of electricity Basic. fm Page 139 Friday, January 16, 2004 3:10 PM generous 140 get from waves 2. all people born at about the same time ć The 1960s generation had an easier life than we. language ć I’m finding Russian gram- mar very difficult. ć He’s been learning English for years, and still makes basic grammar mistakes. 2. a book of rules of a language ć I’ll look it up in