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The gidl: Van de - Sg kien Tap chi C^ng s d n SU GIA TANG ANH HUONG CUA MOT SO NUOC LON TAI TIEU VUNG ME C O N G THONG QUA CAC CO CHE HOP TAC DA PHUONG VA MOT SO ^i XUAT DOI VOI VIET NAM LE T R U N G K I E N * Trong boi cdnhtinhhinh khu vyc vd the gi&i nhirng ndm d&u thiky XXI cd nhieu bien dpng nhanh chdng, phuc tgp, kho lu&ng,tiiuvung Me Cdng v&i nhimg Ipi the ve vi tri, vai tro vd tiem ndng hop tdc, dd tr& thdnh Sa ban thu hiit sy quan tdm dgc biet cda cdc nu&c l&n Hien nay, mpt sd nu&c l&n Mng gia tdng dnh hu&ng vdo tieu viing Me Cdng thong qua cdc cochi hop tdc M phuong, ddc biet boi cdnh cgnh tranh chien luoc My - Trung Qudc chua co ddu hiiu gidm nhiet Dieu dgt mot so vdn de doi v&i cdc nu&c thuoctiiuvitng Mi Cong, cd Viet Nam, tham gia hop tdc M phuong tieu vitng th&i gian t&L Ve hop tac da phirimg tiSu vung Hpp tdc da phuong ndi chung dugc coi la hogt ddng phdi hgp chinh sdch cdp qudc gia giiia nhieu nude qua nhftng dan xep mang tinh the che*'' Trong do, hgp tdc tieu da phuong (mini-lateral ism) la hinh thiic hgp tae md d dd mdt so nude ciing la vidn cua cdc co che da phuong quy md todn cdu, khu vyc cd the tap hpp lai de xu ly nhiing van dd cu thd lien quan den hp yen co sd cac nguydn tdc nen tang cua ca che da phuong chung'^' Trong hgp tac tieu da phuong co hinh thiic hgp tac tidu vung Thuat ngii "tidu viing" dupe sir dung de chi mdt khu vyc nam mdt khu vuc rdng Idn ban Dan cir nhu Ban Thdng kd cua Lien hgp qudc da phan ehia cac khu vyc dia ly, dd Ddng Nam A luc dia (tidu vung Me Cdng)*^* la mdt tieu vimg namtiongkhu vye Ddng Nam A*"*' So vdi hgp tac da phuong d cdp khu vuc va toan cau, cdc thda thudn hgp tae, quy trinh hop tac yong hgp tac tieu viing co tinh ddc thii hon va dat muc tieu han che hon Co che hgp tac tidu viing tap trung giai quyit rihimg vdn dl Ipi ich sdt sudn hon la giai quyet eac vdn dl mang tinh gid tri, nguyen tdc va tieu *ThS, Bo Ngoai giao (1) Keohane R 0.(1984): After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy, Princeton University Press, New Jersey (2) Dang Dinh Quy Chu nghia da phuong tren the giai vd d6i ngoai da phucmg cua Viet Nam, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia Sir that Ha Ngi, 2019, tr 37 (3) Bao g6m cac qu6c gia: Mi-an-ma, Thai Lan, Cam-pu-chia, Lao va Viet Nam, Day la khu v^ic ban le, ia nga ba giao luu giua ba viing Dong Bac A, Dong Nam A va Nam A (4) United Nations Statistics Division: Standard Country gnd Area Codes Classifications S6 933 (thang nam 2020) 99 Thegidd: Van de - Sir kien cliudn hanh vi phd quat*^' Do vay, eac nude d tidu viing tao khudn khd vd xdy dyng Idng tin va ddi thoai, thdng nhdt cae nguyen tdc hgp tdc, huy ddng ngudn vdn, xay dyng kd hoach chung, giam sat qua trinh tridn khai va ciing ehia sd Igi ieh dat dupe Trong qua tiinh dd, cac nude Idn ed the thiet lap nhiJng ca ehd hpp tdc vdi cac nhdm nude tieu viing Hidn nay, hpp tae da phuong toan cdu dang phai ddi mat vdi nhidu khd Idian, thach thiic, hpp tac da phuong tieu vimg cang dugc eac nude Idn quan tdm, thiic ddy ^ Sw gia tang anh hu-diig cua mot so nu'O'c \&n tai tieu vung Me Cong thong qua cac ca che hop tac da phuvng Khu vyc Ddng Nam A, bao gdm tidu viing Me Cdng, la mdt tiong nhiing "mat xich" quan trpng cdc chien luge ddi ngoai cua cac nude Idn, ma ndi bat la My, Trung Qudc va Nhdt Ban Do dd, su can du eua cac nude tgitieuviing Md Cdng cang gia tang thdng qua cac eo chd hgp tac song phuong vd da phuong Tir nam 2008 ddn My, Trung Qudc va Nhdt Bdn da day manh trien khai can du vdo tidu viing Me Cdng thdng qua eac eo ehg hpp tac da phucmg vdi cae nude thude tidu viing Hgp tdc vdi tidu vimg Me Cdng dupe coi la mdt phdn tiong hgp tae ciia My vdi Hiep hdi cac qudc gia Ddng Nam A (ASEAN) Vdi nhgn thuc "vai trd trung tam ciia My d chau A dang bi thach thiic bdi chii nghia khu vuc"*^', My da tich eye xdy dung cac co che hpp tac da phuong vd song phucmg mdi d khu vyc Viec hinh hgp tac Sdng kiSn hg ngudn Md Cdng (LMl) vdo nam 2009 la mdt phdn nd lyc cho thdy cam kdt Idu dai cua My d ehdu A'^*va cung la co chd quan trpng nhdt su can du ciia My d tidu viing Me Cdng Ddng Nam A luc dia'** Tgi Nhat Ban, sau Thu tiidng Ha-tdy-a-ma Y-u-ki-d (Hatoyama Yukio) Idn nam 100 S6 933 (thang nam 2020) Tpp chi CAng s o n quyen vao nam 2009 da dat trpng tarn tang cudng quan he giiia Nhdt Ban vdi ehdu A, nhat la Idiu vyc Ddng Nam A; thiic ddy xdy dyng Cdng ddng Ddng A Theo do, Nhdt Ban da tang cudng lidn kdt kinh te, an nmh, qudc phdng, dd nguydn tie''* cua chinh sach ngogi giao Nhdt Ban ddi vdi khu vyc chau A Vi?c hinh va tridn Idiai eo che hgp tac Md Cdng - Nhdt Ban tir ndm 2008 nam tiong tdng the ehinh sach can dy vao khu vyc chau A cua Nhdt Ban Trong klii dd, vdi the vd lue cang gia tang, Trung Qudc chuydn hi phuong cham "gidu mmh chd thdi" sang chu ddng ddn dat cac mdi quan he qudc te, dinh hinh "ludt choi" va dat muc tidu cy thd""' Q gdc dp todn cdu, Trung Qudc thiic ddy nhieu sang kidn hgp tac, lap eac the che mdi cgnh tranh true tiep vdi nhiing thd che My dan ddt Vide dd hai muc tieu "mpt tiam nam" la minh ehiing cho thdy Trung Qudc nd luc tra "ngudi (5) Cohen H G: "Multilateralism's Life Cycle", The American Journal of International Law, 112 (1), 2018, pp 47 - 66 (6) Smith G: "Emerging power in the global system: challenges for Canada", Library of Parliament, Canada, 2006 (7) Over B: "The true intentions behind the Lower Mekong Initiative", Universiteit Utrecht, 2017 (8) Chamg, Y.¥^:The Lower Mekong Initiative & U.S Foreign Policy in Southeast Asia: Energy, Environment d Power, Orbis, 57 (2), 2013, pp 282 - 299 (9) Bao gbm: 1- Phat huy gid tn chung c^p v^ tic tu tircmg, ng6n luan v^ the hien; 2- Bao dam c4c viing bien ma va tir dua tren co so phap luat va lugt le quoc te, khong phai dira vao sue manh; 3- Hcrp tac kinh te tu do, coi ma, lien ket giua Nhat Ban va cac nuoc; 4- Tang cuang giao luu vSn hoa gifta Nhat Ban va cac nuoc; 5- Thiic day giao luu thieu nien Xem: Abe, S: The Bounty of the Open Seas: Five New Principles for Japanese Diplomacy, Cabinet Public Relations Office, 2013 https://japankanteigo.jp/96_ abe/statement/20I30J/18speech_e.html (10) Masuda, M: "Why has Chinese foreign policy become more assertive?" East Asia Forum, Canberra, 2016 The giai: Vah de - Sy kien dinh hinh luat choi" hong mpt sd the chd khu vuc, tidn tdi dinh hinh "lugt choi" d pham vi toan cdu Trong do, thiic day hgp tdc vdi khu virc Ddng Nam A ndi ehung vd tidu vung Md Cong ndi ridng la cdu phan quan ypng de Tmng CJudc trien khai cdc muc tieu Vi vgy, My va Nhat Ban xay dyng va trien khai manh me eac co che hgp tae da phuong tgi tieu vung, Tmng CJude da lap Hpp tac Me Cdng Lan Thuang (MLC) vao nam 2015 Ve hinh thirc hpp tdc, qua each thiic td chiic va bd mdy hogt dpng'"' ciia cac co chd hop tae da phuong tieu viing ndi tren cd thd thay miic dp "ddu tu" va quan tam ciia cdc nude Idn ddi vdi tieu viing Md Cdng Vi co che hpp hdi nghi cdp cao, Hpp tae Md Cdng Nhat Ban td chiic dinh ky hang nam, MLC td chiic ndm/ldn, LMI khdng trien khai hpp cdp cao Ve co che hpp Hpi nghi Bd trudng ngogi giao, ea ba co chd deu td chiic dinh k^ ndm/ldn, rieng Hgp tdc Md Cdng - Nhat Ban ed ti^n hanh hpp Hpi nghi Bp trudng kinh te - cdng nghidp Vi ca chi nhdm cdng tdc, ea ba co chd ddu td chiic thudng xuydn Dang ehii y la, mac du lap sau nhung Tmng CJude dang thiic ddy the che hda mgnh me MLC vh thdnh lap Ban Thu ky qudc td, cung cd cdc nhdm cdng tac vi ngudn luc, cd My, Trung Qudc vd Nhat Ban ddu su dyng ket hgp cac ngudn hd tip song phuong vd da phuong Xet vd quy md, Hpp tac Md Cdng - Nhdt Bdn da tridn khai ngudn lyc Idn nhdt, bao gdm 500 ty yen (khodng 4,4 ty USD) eho Kd hogch hanh ddng 63 didm giai dogn 2010 - 2012; 600 ty yen (khoang 5,3 ty USD) eho Chidn luge Td-ky-d 2012 giai doan 2013-2015; 750 ty ydn (khoang 6,61 ty USD) ddi vdi Chidn luge Td-ky-d 2015 giai dogn 2016 - 2018 Nhu vgy, tdng sd tidn cam kk cua Nhat Ban sau 10 ndm hpp tac la 1.850 ty yen (gdn 17 ty USD), dugc giai ngan chu ydu qua hinh thiic vien tip phdt tiidn ehinh thiic giiia Nhdt Ban vdi tiing nude tidu viing Me Cdng vd cdc dy an hd trp ky thuat T^p
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