ISSN: 2354-0575 M PHONG DIEU KHiEN DQNG CO BLDC TREN XE DIEN BANG PHAN MEM PROTEUS 8.0 V^' Luyen Van Hieu, Vu Dinh Nam, Pham Van Kiem Trucmg Dgi hgc Supham Ky thugt Hung Yen Tom tat: Bdi bdo trinh bdy thiit ke mgeh diiu khiin dpng eo BLDC lap trin xe diin, cd su dung phdn mim Proteus 8.0 di mdphdng hoat dpng cua dpng ca BLDC theo cde che dp dieu khien khdc nhau, lap trinh tren phdn mim CodevisionAVR eho vi diiu khiin ddng AVR ATMegaS de diiu khiin dpng ca BLDC Bdi bdo dua cdc kit qud hogt dpng cita dpng ca BLDC tuang img v&i cdc chi dp hogt dpng ciia xe di^n Tifkhoa: Diiu khien ddng coBLDC, Dieu khien xe diin L Dat van de Vi nhimg dap img vg cong nghe sach ma hign xe dien dang cang dugc sii dung nhiiu, no dac biet thich hgp cho di chuygn o cac dia diem du lich hay cae khu dan cu dong due V6i nhu cau tim hieu xe dign cang cao, mat khac nguon tai lieu ve xe dien hien dang han chg, dg dap ung cong viec giang day cua giao vign, cong viec hpc tap cua sinh vign nganh eo dien tir to, tae gia da nghign ciiu va mo phong hoat dpng eiia dpng CO BLDC lip tren xe dien Su dung chuang trinh mo phong hoat dgng ciia dgng co BLDC bang phan mem Proteus 8.0, chung ta c6 the tim hieu vg nguyen ly lam viee eua dpng ca BLDC tuong ung vai cac chg digu khien khac tren xe dien Scr di diiu khien dpng co BLDC xe di§n Nguyen ly hoat dgng ca ban eiia xe dien la tign, liii, phanh diing va thay doi toe dp Tuong ting voi nguygn ly hoat dpng eua xe dien chinh la su diiu khiin hoat dpng dpng co tren xe dien, dii voi xe dien su dung dpng eo BLDC ta CO sa digu khien dgng ca BLDC nhu Hinh 1: DONG CO BLDC Hinh X.Sadd dieu khien ddng eo BLDC trin xe dien Khoa hgc & Cdng nghe - So 4/2014 Journal of Science and Technology 55 ISSN: 2354-0575 Cau tao chung gom: - Dgng CO BLDC vai cugn day tren Statormie hinh - Cam biin hall (gin trongdgngco BLDC) - Khii mach ciu cong suit, khii chiia cac transitor cong suit hay mosfet, dong dien mgt chiiu dugc cung cip cho khii nay, +DC la eye duong, G^j la eye am - Cac tin hieu digu khign: ACCE (tin hieu ban dap chan ga) tin hieu miie ga tir -^ 5V, ACCE se c6 miic ga thap nhit tuong ling V^^ = 0, mite ga cao nhit tucmg ling V^^ = V_^^, STOP (tin hieu dap phanh) FWD/NEU/REV (tui hieu bat cong tic vi tri tiin, tning gian hay lui xe) ON/OFF (tin hieu cong tac khoa dien ON bat, OFF tit) - Khii vi diiu khien, khoi nh|n cac tin hieu (ACCE, STOP, ON/OFF, FWD/NEU/ REV, cam biin Hall) va xuit eac tin hieu (PWM, PWMl, )dg diiu khign khoi mach cau cong suat Nguyen ly hoat dong chung: Khi nguin lai xe dg khoa dien OFF, nguon dien se khong dugc cung cap den khoi cau cong suat, khoi vi dieu khien, dgng co ciing se khong CO dong dign va xe khong thg di chuygn dugc Khi nguai lai xe bat khoa dien ON, he thong digu khien dugc cung cap dien va san sang cho dpng eo hoat dpng, nguai lai tac dong tang mirc ga tuong ling voi tin hieu ACCE tang dien ap, khoi vi dieu khign nhan dugc sy thay doi se dieu khien cac tin hieu (PWM, PWMl, ) de dieu khien mach can cong suat, tigp diem trgn mach cau cong suat dong thi dong dien se cung cap cho dpng co, dpng ca BLDC se hoat dpng, miie ga ACCE tang tuong img se lam dgng co BLDC thay doi toe Trong truong hop phanh ham xe, dg dam bao an toan eho dgng co dien phanh xe tuong irng co tin hieu STOP tac dpng dgn khoi vi dieu khign, digu khien khoi cau cong suat dg ngat dong dien cung cap cho dgng co dien, dam bao an toan cho dpng eo phanh xe Ung dung phan mem Proteus 8.0 mo phong dieu khien ddng co BLDC 3.1 Xay dirng mach diiu khien b i n g phin mem Proteus 8.0 Budc I: Khoi dpng chuang trinh Start/ All Program/ ProteusS Professional Sau cua so chuong trinh se xuit hien (Hinh 2), tir Menu ta vao Library/Pick pats from libanes P de chpn lya cac linh kien dien tii (Hinh 3) 56 Khoa hoc & Cong nghf - S6 4/2014 !S& r» >r , -> Hinh Giao dien phdn mim Proteus 8.0 Hinh Giao dien lira chon cdc linh kiin dien tir phue vu thiit ki mgch Btfo'c 2: Thigt ke mach dieu khien va mach d6nglye Sau co dugc cac linh kien dien tic ta tien hanh xay dung mach digu khign (Hinh 4) va mach dpng luc (Hinh 5) 3.2 Lap trinh C bang phSu m i m CodeVisionAVR cho ATMegaS diiu khign dpng ca BLDC a Luat dieu khien Hoat dpng ciia mach dien tii nhu sau: Vi digu khign ATMegaS dugc sir dung nhu mpt counter, dimg dg digu khien dgng co dien BLDC quay theo chieu thuan, dung hay doi chieu voi cac tin hi?u dieu khign cEp cho chan PD5, PD3 hay PD4 Dpng CO dien BLDC co the thay doi tie dp tir d i n V ^ neu tin hieu dien ap cung cap eho chan PC5 thay doi tir -^ 5V Dong eo BLDC co t h i dimg niu co tin hieu cung cap eho chan PD2 Ta CO luu thuat toan digu khien dpng ca BLDC (Hinh 6) b Lap trinh dieu khien dpng ca di^n BLDC Dua trgn luu d i thuat toan Hinh 6, tac gia da su dung phin m i m CodeVisionAVR lap trinh C diiu khiin cho Vi diiu khiin ATMegaS Journal of Science and Technology ISSN: 2354-0575 ON/OFF , •|l|l|llltl i R35< R36< R37 -VvNA- Hinh i'c (fd mue/; ificM khien dpng ca BLDC pha R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R1ff{26X Hinh Sa mgch ddng luc Khoa hoc & Cong nghf - S6 4/2014 Journal of Science and Technology 57 ISSN: 2354-0575 c D /PatcactMngsgbandguvacaccang / [ Ttiiaijjt^-telWMtbeoAPC | GiBthOng tmienh Aeo vi trfv^di^ukhi^ d6ng cO Gid th5ng tm l@nh Iheo vi iri v^ diiu k h i ^ dOng o Dang CO khOng ducc c ^ difin Hinh Luu thugt todn dieu khiin dpng ca cho xe dien 3.3 Ket qua mo phong Hinh Khoa diin di chi OFF, khdng co ddng dien, dpng ca diin khPng hoat dpng 58 Khoa hoc & Cong nghe - S6 4/2014 Hinh Khoa diin OFF chdn ga tdng, khong cd dong dien dpng ca dien khdng hogt dpng Journal of Science and Technology ISSN: 2354-0575 Ut44'-: imi Hinh Dong ca khdng hogt ddng cdng tdc c Hinh 10 Khoa dien ON, chdn ga tdng, phanh hogt dpng, khdngcd ddngdiin, dpng co khdng hoat dpng chi dp trung gian Khda diin ON, chdn ga di a mue thdp, ng ca diin hoat dpng vai vgn toe thdp Hinh 12 Khoa dien ON, chdn ga di a mire eao, dpng ca hoat dong vai van toe eao Ddng ca hogt dpng d chi dp bat cdng tae che dd tiin Hinh 14 Khda dien ON, chdn ga tdng, phanh k hogt dpng, dpng ca dien hogt dpng Khi chay file mo phong dieu khien dgng CO BLDC cho xe dien, ta eo thg xem xet tryc quan hoat dgng cua dpng ca, thong qua thi OSCILLOSCOPE ta co thi quan sal su thay dii dong dien cung cap cho dpng co dien BLDC tuong ling vai cac chg dp hoat dpng khac tren xe dien Khi de chg khoa dien OFF nguin tit (Hinh 7) hoae che dp khoa dien tit nhung dap chan ga (Hinh 8) hay dg chi dp cong tic trung gian (Hinh 9) thi dpng CO khong dugc cung cap dong dien, Hinh 15- Ddng ca hogt dpng a che dp bat cdng tdc dpng CO khong boat dpng chi dp lui Khoa hoc & Cong nghf - So 4/2014 Journal of Science and Technology 59 ISSN: 2354-0575 Khi d i chi dp bat khoa dien, dap chan ga va dap chan phanh (Hinh 10) thi dgng co dign khong dupe cung cip dong dien, dam bao an toan cho dpng CO dien Tren Hinh 11 va Hinh 12 quan sat ta thiy dp rgng xung ciia dien ap cip cang Ian thi tie dpng CO cang Ion, phii hgp vai ly thuygt diiu khiin tic dp dong CO theo phuang phap diiu chinh dp rpng xung Tren Hinh 13 trucmg hop bat khoa dien ON, bat cong tic chi dp tiin (FWD), khong dap phanh thi dpng CO hoat dpng thuan chiiu kim ding h i Trgn Hinh 14 trucmg hgp bat khoa dien ON, dap chan ga, khong dap phanh thi dong ca dien hoat dpng vi duoc cung cap dong dien Trgn Hinh 15 tnrong hgp bat khoa di?n ON, bat cong tac chi dp lui (REV), khong dap phanh thi dpng co chay ngugc chiiu kim ding ho Ket lu^n va thao luSn - Dua trgn file mo phong dieu khign boat dpng eiia dpng co BLDC lap cho xe dipn thi chung ta co thg khao sat cac chg hoat dgng khac ciia dgng ca BLDC tuong ting vai cac chi dp hoat dpng ciia xe dien - Dua tren k i t qua mo phong diSu khiin dgng co BLDC tren phan m i m Protues_ 8,0 lam eo sa de ta co the tign hanh che tao bg dieu khign va xay dyng mo hinh voi dpng ca BLDC cho xe dien, Tai lieu tham khao [1] W Brown, "Brushless DC Motor Control Made Easy", Application Note AN857, 2002, Microchip Technology Inc [2] Shop manual AVR1607, Brushless DC Motor (BLDC) Control in Sensor Mode using ATxmegal28Al andATAVRMC323 ofAtmel Group [3] Khuong Cong Mmh, Gido trinh truyen dpng diin tu dpng [4] Nguyen Due Hung, Nghiin cuu he truyen dpng dien diing dgng ca khdng ehoi than, LuSn van Thac sT Ky thuat, Truong Dai hoc Ky thuat Cong nghiep Thai Nguyen [5] Phan mem Proteus 8.0, hang Labeenter [6] Phan mgm CodevisionAVR, hang HP InforTech [7] Phfim Van At, Ky thugt lap trinh C cosd vd nang cao, NXB Giao thong van tai SIMULATION TO C O N T R O L BRUSHLESS D I R E C T C U R R E N T M O T O R ON E L E C T R I C V E H I C L E BY P R O G R A M P R O T E U S 8.0 Abstract: This paper presents designing the circuit to control brushless direct current motor for electric vehicle, using program Proteus 8.0 to simulate the BLDC motor with different conditions, programing C on AVR ATMega chip to control the BLDC motor by CodevisionAVR software The paper also presents results with different diagrams of the BLDC motor as conditions Keywords: Control BLDC motor, control electric vehicle NgirM phan bifn: GS.TS Pham Minh T u i n , TS Dinh Ngoc An 60 Khoa hoc & Cong nghe - S6 4/2014 Journal of Science and Technology ... eo phanh xe Ung dung phan mem Proteus 8. 0 mo phong dieu khien ddng co BLDC 3.1 Xay dirng mach diiu khien b i n g phin mem Proteus 8. 0 Budc I: Khoi dpng chuang trinh Start/ All Program/ ProteusS... Control Made Easy", Application Note AN857, 200 2, Microchip Technology Inc [2] Shop manual AVR1 607 , Brushless DC Motor (BLDC) Control in Sensor Mode using ATxmegal28Al andATAVRMC323 ofAtmel Group [3]... P R O T E U S 8. 0 Abstract: This paper presents designing the circuit to control brushless direct current motor for electric vehicle, using program Proteus 8. 0 to simulate the BLDC motor with