1. Trang chủ
  2. » Giáo án - Bài giảng

hospitaller architecture in central europe the grand prior of bohemia

6 1 0

Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)

THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU

Thông tin cơ bản

Định dạng
Số trang 6
Dung lượng 614,1 KB

Nội dung

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 294 – 299 :RUOG0XOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\&LYLO(QJLQHHULQJ$UFKLWHFWXUH8UEDQ3ODQQLQJ6\PSRVLXP :0&$86 +RVSLWDOOHU$UFKLWHFWXUHLQ&HQWUDO(XURSH7KH*UDQG3ULRURI %RKHPLD 9DOHQWLQD%XUJDVVLD  a Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes – Paris Sorbonne, France b Polytechnic of Turin, Turin, Italy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‹7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG © 2016 The Authors Published by Elsevier Ltd This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRI:0&$86 Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of WMCAUS 2016 Keywords:.QLJKWVRI6DLQW-RKQ+RVSLWDOOHUDUFKLWHFWXUH3UDJXHSURWRW\SHV   9DOHQWLQD%XUJDVVL7HO E-mail address:YDOHQWLQDEXUJDVVL#JPDLOFRP 1877-7058 © 2016 The Authors Published by Elsevier Ltd This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of WMCAUS 2016 doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.558 Valentina Burgassi / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 294 –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â7RQJXHVê>@3URYHQFH$XYHUJQH)UDQFH,WDO\$UDJRQ&DVWLOH(QJODQG*HUPDQ\7KH *HQHUDO &KDSWHU RI WKH 2UGHU GHFLGHG LQ  WR FRQVROLGDWH WKH +RVSLWDOOHUV E\ FRUUHVSRQGLQJ HQWLWLHV WR KRPRJHQHRXVOLQJXLVWLFDUHDV±FDOOHG7RQJXHV(DFKRIWKHVHZDVLQFOXGLQJ3ULRULHVRU*UDQG3ULRULHVEDLOLZLFNV DQG&RPPDQGHULHV7KHFKLHIRIHDFK7RQJXHFDOOHG3LOODUDQGODWHU%DLOOLZDVVHOHFWHGIURPWKHGLJQLWDULHVDQGHDFK RIWKHVHGLJQLWLHVZDVDWWULEXWHGWR7RQJXHV>@7KHVHZHUHQRWPRGHOOHGRQWKHPRGHUQQDWLRQVWDWHVEXWRQWKH QDWLRQDOODQJXDJHV\VWHPVRI:HVWHUQ(XURSH 1.1 Hospitallers in Central Europe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¶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à1DERMLóWLảZDVIRXQGHGEHWZHHQDQG )LJ 7KH2UGHUảVKHDGTXDUWHUVEHFDPHWKH&KXUFKRI2XU/DG\EHQHDWKWKH&KDLQZKLFKQDPHUHIHUUHGWRWKH FKDLQ XVHG WR VKXW WKH &RPPDQGHU\¶V JDWH RU WR EORFN ERDWV DQG UDIWV DORQJ WKH ULYHU 6XEVHTXHQWO\ RWKHU &RPPDQGHULHVZHUHIRXQGHGDQGWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWZHUHLQ6WUDNRQLFH+RUDåćRYLFH0DQČWtQDQGýHVNê'XE 7KHWDVNRIWKH+RVSLWDOOHUVZKRVHWWOHGLQWKDWDUHDZDVHVVHQWLDOO\WREULQJVHFXULW\DQGWRPDUNWKHLUIRXQGDWLRQV WUDYHOOHU¶VKRVSLFHVZHUHFRPPRQDQGWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWZDVWKDWRI3UDJXHEXLOWRQWKHZHVWEDQNRIWKH0ROGDX DQGQH[WWRWKHEULGJHJLYLQJWKHDFFHVVWRWKHFLW\7KHPLOLWDU\VW\OHRIWKHFKXUFK¶VWRZHUVVXJJHVWVWKDWLWZDV EXLOWZLWKDSDUWLFXODUDWWHQWLRQWRWKHSURWHFWLRQ7KH3ULRU\KDGWKHUHDQH[WHQVLYHHQFORVXUH±UHFDOOHGE\WKH FKXUFK¶VQDPHDQGLWJUHZXQGHUWKH3ULRUWHPSRUDOMXULVGLFWLRQ7KH+RVSLWDOOHUVZHUHQRWWKHRQO\UHOLJLRXVRUGHU WKDWGLGQRWWUDQVIRUPDOOWKHLUODQGGRQDWLRQVLQWRPRQDVWLFVLWHVDQGWKH\SUHIHUUHGKDYLQJDGLIIHUHQWVLWXDWLRQZLWK WKHJUDQWRIDPDQRUDQGDQDGMDFHQWFKXUFK)RUDWLPHLWPD\KDYHEHHQUHDVRQDEOHWRDGPLQLVWHUFRPSOH[HV EXLOGLQJRIGLIIHUHQWIXQFWLRQV VWDEOHVRUDWRULHVHWF IURPDQDGMDFHQW3UHFHSWRUZKLFKPD\H[SODLQZK\WKHVH DVVRFLDWHGEXLOGLQJVUDUHO\DSSHDULQWKHVRXUFHV+RVSLWDOOHUVGLGQRWWUDQVIRUPDOOWKHFKXUFKHVLQWRFRQYHQWXDO KRXVHV domos conventuales EXWWKH\RQO\H[HUFLVHGSDWURQDJHRYHUWKHP  296 Valentina Burgassi / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 294 –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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¶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alentina Burgassi / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 294 – 299  )LJ&DVWOHRI6WUDNRQLW]SULRUDOVHDWRI%RKHPLD&RXUWHV\RIZZZZLNLPHGLDFRP 2.1 The collapse of the Grand Prior of Bohemia and Austria 7KH*UDQG3ULRU\RI%RKHPLDZDVWKHRQO\RQHWRZLWKVWDQGWKHJHQHUDOFROODSVHRIWKH2UGHU¶VVWUXFWXUHVLQWKHFKDRV RI1DSROHRQLFH[SDQVLRQDQGWKHVHFXODULVDWLRQRI(XURSHLQVSLWHRIWKHHQFRXQWHUHGDGYHUVLWLHVWKH%RKHPLDQ*UDQG 3ULRU\VXUYLYHGWLOOWKH7ZHQWLHWK&HQWXU\>@,QWKH(PSHURU)UDQ]-RVHSK,UDLVHGWKH*UDQG3ULRURI%RKHPLD DQG$XVWULDWRWKHUDQNRI3ULQFHRIWKH$XVWULDQ(PSLUH   )LJ7KHSDODFHRIWKH*UDQG3ULRUVRI%RKHPLDLQ3UDJXH 0DOi6WUDQD &RXUWHV\RIZZZSUDJXHHX 298 Valentina Burgassi / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 294 – 299 7KH*UDQG3ULRU\UHWDLQHGLWV&RPPDQGHULHVDQGLWVMXULVGLFWLRQDQGHYHQWKHQRYLWLDWHRI3UDJXHFRQWLQXHGWRWUDLQ DQXPHURXVFOHUJ\IRUWKH2UGHU¶VFKXUFKHV%XWZLWKWKHIDOORIWKHPRQDUFK\WKH2UGHU¶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alentina Burgassi / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 294 –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rchivio del Gran Magistero 6RYHUHLJQ2UGHURIWKH.QLJKWVRI0DOWD  LQ5RPHIRUWKHLUVXSSRUWLQDFFHVVLQJWRLPSRUWDQWGRFXPHQWV7KH\ZHUHH[WUHPHO\JHQHURXVZLWKPDWHULDOVDQG UHIHUHQFHVDQGWKH\JDYHPHPDQ\DGYLFHV 5HIHUHQFHV >@6SDJQROHWWL$6WDWR$ULVWRFUD]LDH2UGLQHGL0DOWDQHOO¶,WDOLD0RGHUQDeFROH)UDQoDLVHGH5RPH5RPHS >@'H*LRUJLR5$FLW\E\DQRUGHU0DOWDS >@'HPXUJHU$,&DYDOLHULGL&ULVWR*OL2UGLQLUHOLJLRVRPLOLWDULGHO0HGLRHYR;,;9,VHFROR0LODQRS >@%RXOWRQ-'7KHNQLJKWVRIWKHFURZQWKHPRQDUFKLFDORUGHUVRI.QLJKWKRRGLQODWHUPHGLHYDO(XURSH1HZ@%XEHQ06RYHUHLJQ2UGHURIWKH.QLJKWVRI0DOWDLQWKHSDVWDQGWKHSUHVHQW3UDJXHS >@%UDGIRUG(7KHJUHDWVLHJH0DOWD:DUHS >@6LUH+-$7KH.QLJKWVRI0DOWD+RQJ.RQJS  ... Valentina Burgassi / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 294 – 299  )LJ&DVWOHRI6WUDNRQLW]SULRUDOVHDWRI%RKHPLD&RXUWHV\RIZZZZLNLPHGLDFRP 2.1 The collapse of the Grand Prior. .. Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of WMCAUS 2016 doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.558 Valentina Burgassi / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 294 – 299 295 ,QWURGXFWLRQ... 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRI:0&$86 Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of WMCAUS 2016 Keywords:.QLJKWVRI6DLQW-RKQ+RVSLWDOOHUDUFKLWHFWXUH3UDJXHSURWRW\SHV

Ngày đăng: 04/12/2022, 10:35

TÀI LIỆU CÙNG NGƯỜI DÙNG

TÀI LIỆU LIÊN QUAN