CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP TỔ CHỨC THI CÔNG: bao gồm các dạng câu hỏi và câu trả lời bằng tiếng anh dánh cho sinh viên các lớp anh ngữ trường đại học xây dựng. Mình cũng có up file câu hỏi lý thuyết bằng tiếng việt
CÂU HỎI ÔN TẬP TỔ CHỨC THI CÔNG Khi cần điều chỉnh tiến độ thi công? Nêu giải thích phương pháp điều chỉnh tiến độ thi công? - We need to optimize the schedule because: First draft of network diagram is often inaccurate and does not meet standard For example, when the time in diagram larger than details in regulation or in bidding document and there are cases in which resource demand are unevenly distributed overtime, sometimes exceed (or being utilized improperly) the limitation of practical providing thus it should be optimized - There are several methods: • Optimising time: Shortening implementation time of work by executing - critical tasks • Technical solution: make changes of technical solution or material used (especially new materials, etc.), when conducting this, technical quality must be ensured (require high level of workmanship, mechanical equipment, and implementation methods) • Economic solution: extending time for uncritical tasks in order to reduce resources used and accumulate saved resources for critical tasks, increase work shifts, as well as number of unit of workers and machine (at the same time), etc Working ground needs to be enough while achieving this method • Note that relationships among tasks must be technically secured when shortening project time and rising budget for shortening is reasonably as low as possible Using organizational solution, especially stream line method, to reduce time cost for critical tasks, or group of tasks that affect project’s finish milestone.This solution makes no increase in resources cost, no technical change but still reduce construction time; therefore this is the leading basic method Optimising resources: • When issues need to be fixed fast and relatively, quick adjustment method is used • Following steps: Step 1: Translate network diagram into time axis or bar chart (based on its complexity) Determine the average of resources Rtb : Rtb = Q/T In which: Q_the total resources required, equal to the area of resources diagram T_time to finish the project Step 2: Adjusting: critical tasks are fixed, the sequence and number of adjusted tasks is uncompulsory; but it is advised to consider tasks having large resources and long float in first place Then adjusted tasks should be moved in float time without affecting the average level of resources diagram; better in the first phase and after that keep them lower than the average a little bit Phân tích nguyên tắc thiết kế tổng mặt xây dựng mà anh chị cho quan trọng nhất? Cho ví dụ minh họa? - most important principles: • Construction site layout must be designed so that temporary technical and material basis provide the best services for construction process, not affect technology, quality, construction duration, labour safety and environmental sanitation For example: Manufacturing house: where production activities are undertaken to produce materials for the project (fabrication shop, power and water supply…); Project storehouse: to preserve materials; House for workers: for workers daily use: canteen, toilets…; Administration office: for Project management unit, technical and financial management teams…; Public house and accommodation: for public use as health care center, cultural activities… • Reduce the cost of constructing temporary facilities by: salvaging / utilizing parts of constructed building, selecting temporary facilities that are low – cost, easy to dismantle and move … Temporary facilities should be located in a favourable position to avoid wasting caused by repeated movement For example: minimizing construction cost of temporary house by using preengineered (prefabricated) house, movable (portable) house, or using vacant spaces of the building…; Arrange the storehouses: Transferred storage is constructed on traffic connection points like between railroad-road, waterway-road • Designing construction site layout must follow instructions, standards of engineering design, regulations of labour safety, fire safety and environmental sanitation For example: Follow QCVN 18:2021/BXD – National Technical Regulation on Safety in Construction; Circular 16/2021/TT-BXD; Circular 02/2018/TT-BXD – Environmental Protection for Constructions Tại cần xây dựng biểu đồ tiêu thụ tài nguyên? Trình bày cách vẽ biểu đồ tiêu thụ loại tài nguyên (cho ví dụ minh họa)? (page 77) Cần xây dựng vì: - The intitial schedule usually does not comply with techinical requirements and not appropriate for the production capacity, the ability of supplying materials, machines and equipment, which can lead to adjustments of the schedule plan In addition to the rationality assessment of the schedule plan, resource charts help define exactly the amount, types, strength and order using main materials and machines These data are also the basis to ensure the supply of materials and machines, and preparation work for the construction phase - The charts are often for resources including labour (general labour chart, for each job), materials, machines, equipment, investment capital, etc Cách vẽ biểu đồ: - Material charts are established for main materials accounted for large volumes - - over time (days) such as sand, stone, cement, brick etc In particular, assembly works can be made in detail through each hour of a shift, each segment, and each area or machine standing position Generally, material charts show figures about ultizing, transporting and storing materials, etc at the same time Structure of material charts includes: Daily usage charts, Accumulative usage charts, Traffic density charts, Continuous traffic density charts, Discontinuous traffic density charts, Storing-material charts (có thể bỏ phần này) Method to establish storing-material charts When the delivery and supply of materials are continuous with a constant number of verhicles, steps to establish the chart explained as follows: • Establish a daily usage chart (1) obtained from the schedule plan • Establish an accumulative usage chart (2) analyzed from (1) by accumulating amounts of materials used over time • Based on the storing-material norm over time, establish an accumulative storageusage chart (3) by moving the chart (2) to the left a distance equal to the storage time • Draw a traffic density chart (4) in the form of pencil of rays corresponding to the number of verhicles based on transportation types, ability, and distance • Select the ray with greatest angle and closest to the angle of (3) to the main delivery road (5) in the traffic density chart (4) The intersection point between the (5) with the axis x’ parallel to the horizontal axis, which goes pass the largest ordinale of the line (2), is the end time of the delivery • Draw a storing-material chart (6) at the bottom of the horizontal axis contrast with the above charts Its value at each point is the difference between the main transport road (5) and the accumulative usage line (2) Trình bày khái niệm dây chuyền cơng trình đơn vị? Theo anh/chị, dây chuyền cơng trình đơn vị thi cơng nhà nhiều tầng gồm dây chuyền chun mơn hóa (the master schedule – CPM networks)? Trình bày hướng phát triển dây chuyền CMH thể biểu đồ tiến độ (Page Theo anh/chị, trường hợp phải điều chỉnh biểu đồ nhân lực? Trình bày giải thích cách để điều chỉnh biểu đồ nhân lực? Điều kiện áp dụng cách đó? We need optimise the labour chart because: - There are cases in which labour demand are unevenly distributed overtime, sometimes exceed (or being utilized improperly) the limitation of practical providing Adjustment measure: - Problem 1: Allocating resources and ensuring the project’s finish time Burgess algorithm - Problem 2: Shortening project’s finish time as well as respecting resources’ condition Kelly algorithm When need to fix fast and relatively, quick adjustment method is used: • Step 1: Translate network diagram into time axis or bar chart (based on its complexity) Determine the average of resources Rtb : Rtb = Q/T In which: Q_the total resources required, equal to the area of resources diagram T_time to finish the project • Step 2: Adjusting: critical tasks are fixed, the sequence and number of adjusted tasks is uncompulsory; but it is advised to consider tasks having large resources and long float in first place Then adjusted tasks should be moved in float time without affecting the average level of resources diagram; better in the first phase and after that keep them lower than the average a little bit Condition to apply Quick adjustment method: • Allocating resources and ensuring the project’s finish time • Shortening project’s finish time as well as respecting resources’ condition Khi thiết kế, bố trí khu văn phịng làm việc, nhà công nhân công trường xây dựng cần xem xét đến yếu tố gì? Hãy giải thích? - Design of Temporary housing consists of following basic contents: calculation of site manpower, calculation of area of all types of temporary houses, selection of house structure, and comparison of economic options a) Calculation of site manpower Site manpower composes of different groups of manpower, the number of manpower changes according to construction schedule For this reason, one of the most important requirements to calculate the number of temporary houses is to calculate the Site manpower Manpower structure consists of main groups as following: Group of Main workers (N1), Group of Supporting workers (N2), Group of technical staffs/engineers (N3), Group of administration and commercial staffs (N4), Group of supporting staffs (N5), Dependant personnel (N6), Staffs for coordination of general activities (N7) b) Calculation of Temporary house area Calculate demand of house area depending on manpower number of each group and norm of people in Temporary house: Fi = Ni × fi With Fi_demanded area of temporary house i type; Ni_number of people for temporary house i type; fi_norm for temporary house i type, refer to tabulation c) Selection of Temporary house type Depend on quality requirement to select: Temporary house of high quality: clinic, school…use fixed “one structure” Public house, staff house, management house…use pre-engineered structure WC…use movable type d) Temporary house must satisfy the sanitation and safety regulations: Follow QCVN 18:2021/BXD – National Technical Regulation on Safety in Construction; Circular 16/2021/TT-BXD; Circular 02/2018/TT-BXD – Environmental Protection for Constructions Mục đích lập phương án Tổ chức thi cơng? Nêu giải thích để lập phương án Tổ chức thi công? (Construction management plan) – Page 19 Mục đích: SGT tổ chức thi cơng xây dựng trang Căn cứ: SGT tổ chức thi công xây dựng trang 12 Định nghĩa dây truyền chuyên mơn hóa nhịp bội? phải cân dây chuyền? Giải thích phương pháp cân dây truyền theo nhịp nhanh, chậm hiệu sau cân dây truyền - Specialised production line with irregular rate is that the operational rate of component line is unchanged, rates of different lines are different - We need to balance the rate of production line beacause: • Reduce the organizational interuption • Maintain the regular (unchanged) feature of production • Create stability, harmonization • Shorten the duration of component line - Quick balance: • Make all the Component lines to have the same rate by adding more working crews to the component line having multiple rate working simultaneously at intermittent segments • Duration/time can be shortened The component line is more effective (T2>0) - Slow balance: • When the resource is limited and time shortening is not required, all component lines are directed to have the same rate which is equal to the rate of the slow component lines Now the interruption is compulsorily to be appeared in the rate of the quick component lines • Duration/time can be shortened The component line is more effective (T2>0) Mục đích việc lập tiến độ thi cơng? Nội dung tiến độ thi cơng? Trình bày giải thích cắn lập tiến độ thi cơng? (The purpose of construction progressing planning? The content of construction progressing planning? The basis of construction progressing planning?) - The purpose: • Defines the sequence and duration for tasks, processes or work items, - including requirements for resources and the use of such resources in sequence to finish scheduled plans • Be a form and a tool, describes the development of construction in time and space, together with supply requirement based on construction and project management The content: 10.Trên SĐM mũi tên, anh/chị thấy thơng số tiến độ nào? (cho ví dụ) Gián đoạn cơng việc thể SĐM mũi tên? - Parameter of network diagram: • Duration of task (tij): means time to complete task as scheduled • Early start of task (): is the earliest time that a task can start without - affecting previous activities • Late finish of a task (): is the latest time that a task can finish if it has late start • Toal Float (~ Total Slack) (Dij): is the amount of time available to extend duaration of activity or to alter its start (finish) milestones without affecting total time of project • Particular Float (dij): is the amount of time by which an activity can be delayed or extended without affecting the early start date of any subsequent activity • Longest duration (h): Number of previous event of the longest path For example: Determine the task 1-2: • Duration of task (tij): t12 = • Early start of task (): =3 • Late finish of a task (): =3 • Toal Float (~ Total Slack) (Dij): D12=0 • Particular Float (dij): dij=0 • Longest duration (h): h2=1 - There is interuption between tasks, we demonstrate by Imaginary task 11.Trình bày sở để xác định mối quan hệ công việc lập tiến độ thi công xây dựng? (nêu ví dụ?) 12.u cầu an tồn bố trí, vận hành cần trục tháp cơng trường thi công nhà cao tầng? - Standing position and mobilizing way of cranes must ensure the safety of cranes, buildings, workers on the site, ease the installation and dismantlement - Standing position: • Distance from center axis of crane to the building edge: + Tower crane moving on rails: + Fixed tower cranes: When constructing underground part with using tower cranes, it is necessary to check safety conditions for the foundation hole - When operate the crane: • Require personal protection equipment (PPE) for those working on or around a crane • Using mobile crane hand signals • Define the moving path of cranes to obtain the basis to design temporary facilities, arrange materials and components • Using crane safety signs • Crane safety training 13.Nêu tóm tắt nhóm tài liệu cần có lập tổng mặt xây dựng a) General documents Instructions for designing construction site layout:design regulations & standards, engineering instructions and temporary facility design Standards of safety, environmental sanitation, regulations, and drawing symbols, etc b) Particular documents for each specific building The plan for the status of building site Topographic map, ordance survey map, geological and hydrological documents Master plan of buildings, infrastructure system of buildings Drawings about construction technology (planned in the files of construction organization design and construction management plan), construction schedule plan c) Specific survey documents for each building (if necessary) Documents about local economy and society Ability of exploiting or supplying local materials Ability of supplying local construction equipment Ability of supplying local electricity, water, communication, etc Ability of providing local manpower, health services, etc 14 ... phương án Tổ chức thi cơng? Nêu giải thích để lập phương án Tổ chức thi công? (Construction management plan) – Page 19 Mục đích: SGT tổ chức thi cơng xây dựng trang Căn cứ: SGT tổ chức thi công xây... 11.Trình bày sở để xác định mối quan hệ công việc lập tiến độ thi cơng xây dựng? (nêu ví dụ?) 12.u cầu an tồn bố trí, vận hành cần trục tháp cơng trường thi công nhà cao tầng? - Standing position... project’s finish time as well as respecting resources’ condition Khi thi? ??t kế, bố trí khu văn phịng làm việc, nhà công nhân công trường xây dựng cần xem xét đến yếu tố gì? Hãy giải thích? - Design