Internet of THINGs INTERNET OF THINGS Assignment 01 HUỲNH TRẦN ANH KHOAGCS200252 CLASS GCS0903A Teacher Nguyễn Văn Sơn Assignment Brief 1 (RQF) Higher National CertificateDiploma in Business Student. Internet of THINGs INTERNET OF THINGS Assignment 01 HUỲNH TRẦN ANH KHOAGCS200252 CLASS GCS0903A Teacher Nguyễn Văn Sơn Assignment Brief 1 (RQF) Higher National
INTERNET OF THINGS Assignment 01 HUỲNH TRẦN ANH KHOA/GCS200252 CLASS: GCS0903A Teacher: Nguyễn Văn Sơn Assignment Brief (RQF) Higher National Certificate/Diploma in Business Student Name/ID Number: Huỳnh Trần Anh Khoa / GCS200252 Unit Number and Title: Unit 43 – Internet of Things Academic Year: 2021 Unit Assessor: Tran Trong Minh Assignment Title: Assignment – Internet of Things Issue Date: Submission Date: August 17th 2022 Internal Verifier Name: Date: August 17th 2022 Submission Format: Format: This assignment is an Individual assignment and specifically including document: You must use font Calibri size 12, set number of the pages and use multiple line spacing at 1.3 Margins must be: left: 1.25 cm; right: cm; top: cm and bottom: cm The reference follows Harvard referencing system The recommended word limit is 2.000-2.500 words You will not be penalized for exceeding the total word limit The cover page of the report has to be the Assignment front sheet Submission Students are compulsory to submit the assignment in due date and in a way requested by the Tutors The form of submission will be a soft copy posted on http://cms.greenwich.edu.vn/ Note: The Assignment must be your own work, and not copied by or from another student or from books etc If you use ideas, quotes or data (such as diagrams) from books, journals or other sources, you must reference your sources, using the Harvard style Make sure that you know how to reference properly, and that understand the guidelines on plagiarism If you not, you definitely get fail Unit Learning Outcomes: LO1 Analyse what aspects of IoT are necessary and appropriate when designing software applications LO2 Outline a plan for an appropriate IoT application using common architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs LO3 Develop an IoT application using any combination of hardware, software, data, platforms and services LO4 Evaluate your IoT application and detail the problem your IoT application solves, the potential impact on people, business, society and the end user and the problems it might encounter when integrating into the wider IoT ecosystem Assignment Brief and Guidance: You currently work as a product developer for a new startup where you design IoT products for the consumer, corporate, government and defence clients As part of your role your manager has tasked you to plan and develop a new IoT product, service or application for a potential client You are required to identify a target user and conduct tests with this user and include this feedback into multiple iterative versions of your product Part (Assignment 1):: For the first part, you must: • • Plan an IoT application for a specific target end user and the tests you intend to conduct with this user This plan will be in the form of a document and will include supporting evidence and material, such as user personas and customer journey maps Create multiple iterations of your application and modify each iteration with enhancements gathered from user feedback and experimentation This will follow the pathway outlined in your plan.(log book,) Part (Assignment 2): For the first part, you must: • • Show evidence about Developed IoT application using any combination of hardware, software, data, platforms and services (video or images of your IoT system with code snippet) Evaluate your IoT application and detail the problem your IoT application solves, the potential impact on people, business, society and the end user and the problems it might encounter when integrating into the wider IoT ecosystem Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria Pass Merit Distinction LO1 Analyse what aspects of IoT are necessary and appropriate when designing software applications P1 Explore various forms of IoT M1 Evaluate the impact of functionality common IoT architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs in the software development P2 Review standard lifecycle architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs available for use in IoT development D1 Evaluate specific forms of IoT architecture and justify their usage when designing software applications M2 Evaluate the impact of common IoT architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs in IoT security LO2 Outline a plan for an appropriate IoT application using common architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs P3 Investigate architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and API techniques available to develop IoT applications P4 Determine a specific problem to solve using IoT M3 Select the most appropriate IoT architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and API techniques to include in an application to solve this problem M4 Apply your selected techniques to create an IoT application development plan D2 Make multiple iterations plan of your IoT application and modify each iteration to improve your IoT application security ASSIGNMENT FRONT SHEET Qualification TEC Level HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title Unit 43: Internet of Things Submission date August 17th 2022 Date Received 1st submission Re-submission Date August 17th 2022 Date Received 2nd submission Student Name Huỳnh Trần Anh Khoa Student ID GCS200252 Class GCS0903A Assessor name Nguyễn Văn Sơn Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism I un making a false declaration is a form of malpractice Student’s signature Grading grid P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 M3 M4 D1 ❒ Summative Feedback: Grade: ❒ Resubmission Feedback: Assessor Signature: Date: Internal Verifier’s Comments: Signature & Date: Page Table of Contents Contents Assignment Brief (RQF) Higher National Certificate/Diploma in Business Table of Contents P1 Explore various forms of IoT functionality 1) Definition 2) How does IOT Work? 3) Application of IOT 11 a) Health 11 b) Smart home 11 c) Smart Car 12 d) Smart City 12 e) Agricultural IoT 12 4) Real World Application of IoT 12 5) IoT characteristics 13 P2 Review standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs available for use in IoT development 14 1) IOT architecture 14 2) IOT framework 14 3) IOT Tools 14 4) IOT hardware 14 5) IOT API 14 P3 Investigate architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and API techniques available to develop IoT applications 15 1) IOT architecture 15 a) Perception 15 b) Transport 15 c) Processing 16 d) Application 16 e) Business 16 2) IOT frameworks 16 a) Definition 16 b) Main Components of IOT Framework 17 Page c) List of IoT Framework 18 3) IOT tools 19 a) Tessel 20 b) IoT Eclipse 20 c) Arduino 20 d) Mainspring by M2M Labs 20 e) IoT Platform 21 f) Kinoma 21 g) Hive device 21 h) Kaax 21 i) Home Assistant 21 j) Net 21 k) Raspbian 21 4) IOT hardware 22 5) API in IOT 22 a) IoT's API Types 23 b) The important role of APIs in the IoT 23 c) The benefits of API in IOT 24 P4 Determine a specific problem to solve using IoT 25 Page P1 Explore various forms of IoT functionality 1) Definition The phrase "Internet of Things" often refers to circumstances where network connectivity and processing capabilities extend to objects, sensors, and commonplace items not typically considered computers, enabling these devices to generate, distribute, and consume data with little to no human intervention But there isn't a single, all-encompassing description Page Figure 01: IOT ( Internet of Things) 2) How does IOT Work? The Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem consists of web-enabled smart devices that employ embedded systems, such as processors, sensors, and communication equipment, to collect, send, and act on the data they receive from their environment IoT devices communicate the sensor data they gather by connecting to an IoT gateway or other edge device, which either transmits data to the cloud for analysis or analyzes it locally These devices occasionally communicate with other, comparable devices and take action based on the information they exchange Although users may interact with the gadgets to set them up, give them instructions, or retrieve the data, the majority of the work is done by the devices without their assistance - These IoT applications have a significant impact on the connection, networking, and communication protocols used by these web-enabled devices - To assist in simplifying and enhancing the dynamic nature of data collecting operations, IoT may also make use of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) Page features of the ECU (Electronic Control Unit) electronic control unit of the car As a consequence, auto owners don't need to go to a dealer or service center to quickly change the software in their vehicle using a smartphone Offer an entertainment system Information systems are incorporating smart applications to offer navigation, telephony, and in-car entertainment In order to incorporate its apps like Google Maps, Play Store, and Google Assistant into the car's infotainment system, Google has teamed with a number of automakers Similar to that, certain midto high-end vehicles also employ Apple CarPlay The majority of in-car entertainment systems nowadays are linked to an external Internet device, such a smartphone, giving the driver access to directions, on-demand media, and a variety of other things other mobile online connection services Driver assistance technology (ADAS) The digital automobile cockpit not only gives the driver and passengers a wonderfully intimate experience, but it also makes it easier for the car and outside equipment to communicate with one another The digital cockpit system's Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) features rely on picture data of other road users collected by a combination multi-function camera and sensors placed around the body of the vehicle ADAS recognizes possible hazards based on the data and either sends warnings or proactively intervenes in situations 5) IoT characteristics Connectivity There isn't really much else to say about this There needs to be a link between several levels with everything going on in IoT hardware and devices, with sensors and other electronics, connected hardware, and control systems Things Anything that may be identified or linked is intended to be linked connected livestock and domestic equipment to sensors Sensors may be built into gadgets or connected to other objects or devices Data The Internet of Things is held together by data, which also serves as the foundation for intelligence and action Communication Devices link so they may interact and exchange data, which can then be examined Short lengths or extended to extremely long distances can be used for communication Wi-Fi, LPWA network technologies like LoRa or NB-IoT are a few examples Intelligence the element of intelligence found in IoT devices' sensing capabilities and the knowledge gained via big data analytics (also artificial intelligence) Action as a result of intellect This might involve human action, action based on discussions of phenomena (such as smart manufacturing decisions), and automation, which is frequently the most crucial component Ecosystem the position of the Internet of Things in relation to other technologies, communities, objectives, and the overall picture the necessity for strong alliances, the platform dimension, and the Internet of Everything dimension Page 13 P2 Review standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs available for use in IoT development 1) IOT architecture In its most basic form, IoT architecture is a combination of layers, sensors, protocols, actuators, and cloud services IoT architecture is sophisticated and involves four levels This number aims to progressively combine these many sorts of components into a sophisticated and well-functioning network • Advantages: - Simplify and reduce the cost of edge computing devices - A gateway can act as a hub for numerous data protocols and wireless connections - Protocols that give the outside world a unified front - It is easier to monitor and control things as a whole than it is to engage with each component separately - Gateways provide more protection than objects and may control what data is sent to the Internet - Simple IoT integration of old devices • Disadvantages - Adding another "Tier" makes integration more difficult - Resources are still kept locally rather than being accessed over the cloud - A second potential site of failure 2) IOT framework For an IoT framework to be reliable and trustworthy, a minimal set of requirements must be satisfied in order to achieve integration and interoperability These frameworks cover a broad spectrum of IoT research areas, from academic to organizational, and they all have as their common theme the integration of objects in IoT Given that the IoT paradigm is still developing, we propose a list of baseline standards that IoT frameworks for integration must adhere to 3) IOT Tools OT Tools are the name given to the Internet of Things tools It is an assortment of devices, vehicles, equipment with embedded electronics, household appliances, buildings, and other things This makes it easier to collect and communicate different kinds of data Another advantage is the capability of controlling the devices remotely through a network 4) IOT hardware IoT hardware includes a variety of devices, such as sensors, bridges, and routing tools These Internet of Things (IoT) gadgets regulate crucial operations and characteristics including system activation, security, action definitions, communication, and the detection of support-specific goals and deeds 5) IOT API An API—a collection of processes, protocols, and tools—is employed for the creation of software applications APIs are intimately tied to the Internet of Things because they allow you to safely expose connected devices to consumers, go-to-market channels, and other applications in your IT infrastructure (IoT) It is more important than ever to create flexible, scalable, and secure API administration since APIs connect important "things" like cars, medical devices, smart grids, and thermostats to your ecosystem Page 14 P3 Investigate architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and API techniques available to develop IoT applications 1) IOT architecture - The hardware, networks, and cloud technologies that provide interoperability amongst IoT devices make up the IoT architecture A basic IoT architecture consists of three layers: • Observation (the sensors, gadgets, and other devices) • Community (the connectivity between devices) • Utilization (the layer the user interacts with) - These layers collect and process data to support IoT devices By including the translation of data into usable information, this architecture goes beyond the OSI model These insights enable firms to act quickly thanks to automation, machine learning, and artificial intelligence - Additionally, the IoT architecture may be described using three or five tiers The three-layer model is well known for being simple to understand, however it leaves out certain important details on how the data is used The breakdown of each layer's roles and importance is shown below a) Perception - The perception layer serves as a representation of the actual physical IoT devices Security systems, robots, self-driving automobiles, lighting systems, and health monitoring are a few examples of this Each IoT device collects information that must be handled - IoT sensors are cost-effective and capable of collecting hundreds of various data points for processing Depending on the goals of the organization, different information will be collected For instance, agricultural IoT sensors may collect atmospheric data, moisture levels, solid temperature, and airflow to boost crop output and profitability b) Transport - Transferring acquired data to an edge device or the cloud for processing is the responsibility of the transport layer The transport layer uses internet gateways to convey data from the physical perception layer into the processing phase - Administrators routinely send data across cellular and Wi-Fi networks via the transport layer At current time, system administrators can utilize the following technologies: + Cellular 4G LTE / 5G + Wi-Fi + Bluetooth + Low-Power Wide-Area Networks - To design their own IoT architecture, administrators can combine and match several transport protocols In the end, the transport protocol you select must be able to properly support data from the sensor to the closest internet gateway We explore further in-depth on this concept in our piece on IoT connection Page 15 c) Processing - Once data reaches the cloud or edge device, the server may transform it into information Artificial intelligence and machine learning are used in modern IoT systems, which provide value by analyzing this data -By comparing the present temperature to its reference temperature, artificial intelligence may, for instance, identify anomalies such as a high temperature variance recorded by an IoT sensor The server may be able to direct the HVAC system to lower the temperature and resolve the issue in this scenario d) Application - Processing is often done without the involvement of humans, but when certain requirements are completed or thresholds are exceeded, humans still need to tell the server what to At the application layer of their IoT architecture, administrators manage IoT device orchestration, create rule sets, and form service-level agreements -If you've ever used an app to turn on the lights in your home, you've used the application layer Reliable IoT designs use the application layer to monitor and manage their networks from a single dashboard This centralization decreases complexity, boosting efficiency and security, particularly in business IoT networks e) Business - The last layer we reach is the business layer, where data is transformed into business intelligence that directs decision-making Executives and stakeholders can utilize the information obtained at the application layer to make better business decisions - The business layer frequently employs reports and real-time dashboards for business intelligence Data obtained from the application layer can be improved further through further integrations Business intelligence analysts, for instance, can identify cost reductions by comparing power use before and after the installation of smart lighting sensors 2) IOT frameworks - An extensive IoT ecosystem, which supports and links all components of the system, is essential to the success of IoT It makes it possible for devices to be managed, controls software and hardware connection protocols, collects and analyzes data, improves information flow, and improves the performance of intelligent apps - When enormous volumes of data are being created and transferred across several devices, there typically has to be a central area where everything is gathered and merged - This specific point is vital in a network because it collects all the data and makes it possible to understand freshly created data a) Definition -The Internet of Things (IoT) Framework is a network of various connected devices that communicate with one another online These Internet-connected gadgets often communicate and detect data with a minimum of human interaction - Communication between connected devices is made possible via the Internet of Things (IoT) architecture The fact that it is referred to as the "Internet of Things" framework, or, to put it another way, the framework that enables object communication with one another through the Internet, should not come as a surprise Page 16 Figure 04: IOT Framework -The Internet of Things framework is a key element of technology in the modern world, with applications in nearly every industry One of the IoT's main applications, for instance, is the creation of smart homes - A wide range of physical things, including vending machines, electrical equipment, security and alarm systems, and thermostats, are developed using the IoT framework idea b) Main Components of IOT Framework Figure 05: Components of IOT Framework Page 17 - The four key components of the IoT Framework are described below: Device Hardware: An grasp of architecture at the most basic level is necessary for the IoT framework's device hardware The user must also be knowledgeable about how the different micro-controllers and sensors function This IoT framework component is made up of hardware components including sensors, microcontrollers, and controllers Device Software - In order for the device software of the IoT framework to function as intended, the supplied writing programs must setup the controller and then be utilized remotely The user must have a basic grasp of both how programming libraries are normally made and how an API works inside microcontrollers Cloud platform and communication - The cloud platform is one of the key elements of the IoT architecture It necessitates a comprehensive comprehension of all wired and wireless communication methods The user must also be knowledgeable about how cloud computing works and how to integrate IoT devices - As a conclusion, we can state that the communication and cloud platform of the IoT Framework is the location of all talks Web-based application - The main components of a type of software program known as a cloud application are those that can be accessed more quickly and readily These elements might be hosted locally or even in the cloud The cloud application enhances the system, enabling it to reach its full potential -In other words, a cloud application integrates all of the local hardware devices and cloud-based devices through the written implementation of an IoT framework c) List of IoT Framework We will now go through each section of the IoT Framework in detail KAA IoT - Kaa IoT is one of the greatest and most complete open source Internet of Things cloud platforms, allowing anybody to use their ideas for smart products without restriction On this platform, it is possible to have N linked devices that can interact with one another You may offer real-time machine monitoring by setting up remote devices Kaa enables the IoT Cloud, information and visualization systems, as well as other elements of IoT Ecosystems IoT Cloud Connect from Cisco - Cisco IoT Cloud Connect provides the business with highly secure, automated, and dependable communication To collect, transfer, and compute the data, the Cisco Kinetic IoT platform manages IoT data Cisco adopts a secure IoT architecture to protect IoT deployment from assaults since it is highly renowned for its security services IoT ZETTA Using the Siren hypermedia-API-strip flow-based reactive programming paradigm, NodeJS, and REST, Zetta is nothing more than a server-oriented platform After being abstracted as REST APIs, they are connected Page 18 to cloud services These online resources for presenting machine data and support include Splunk and other software It establishes a geo-distributed network by linking endpoints like Arduino and Linux hackers to platforms like Heroku IoT Salesforce - The force behind Salesforce Businesses can now access previously unknown ideas thanks to Thunder, and everyone can take proactive, tailored actions from any device to become even closer to their consumers than before More than 150,000 clients used Salesforce all across the world Salesforce has a 19.7% market share in the CRM industry Oracle (9.1%), SAP (12.1%), and Microsoft (6.2%) behind their nearest rivals by a significant margin Many businesses now develop their apps on the Salesforce platform or migrate to Salesforce As a result, Salesforce has a greater requirement for administrators and developers DeviceHive IoT - DeviceHive is a reliable IoT open-source platform that is provided under the Apache 2.0 license and is available for free use and modification It includes Kubernetes and Docker deployment options and is available for both public and private clouds to download and use Machine learning and batch analysis are options that go beyond the capabilities of your device DeviceHive supports several libraries, including iOS and Android 3) IOT tools - Internet of Things Tools are referred to as "IoT Tools." It is an assortment of devices, vehicles, equipment with embedded electronics, household appliances, buildings, and other things This makes it easier to collect and communicate different kinds of data Another advantage is the capability of controlling the devices remotely through a network - IoT has taken over the IT industry and is the newest term in today's internet-driven culture It has opened up a lot of new possibilities for companies and IoT developers Several incredible things have been produced as a result of the development of IoT apps In order to help IoT developers create cutting-edge IoT devices and apps, Internet of Things solution providers are creating hardware and software designs - The following is a discussion of a few IoT tools and gadgets: Page 19 Figure 06: IOT tool and hardware a) Tessel - It is employed to create fundamental IoT prototypes and apps It assists thanks to the many modules and sensors it has A developer may access Ethernet, Wi-Fi, two USB ports, a micro USB port, 32MB of Flash, and 64MB of RAM with the Tessel board It is also possible to integrate more modules, such as cameras, accelerometers, RFID, GPS, etc - Tessel is able to support Node.JS and utilise its libraries It has two processors and uses 48MHz Atmel SAMD21 and 580 hardware -Coprocessor MediaTek MT7620n, MHz High-speed firmware programs may be executed using one CPU, while the other aids in effective power management and input/output control b) IoT Eclipse - The user can use this tool or instrument to develop, adopt, and promote open source IoT technology It excels in creating gateways, Cloud platforms, and IoT devices Eclipse backs several IoT-related projects These projects include frameworks and services for applications, tools for the Lua programming language, which is promoted as the ideal one for IoT, and open-source implementations of IoT protocols c) Arduino - The Italian-based IT business Arduino creates microcontroller boards and interactive items It is a free and open-source hardware and software IoT prototyping platform Hardware requirements for interactive electronics are possible, while software choices include the Integrated Development Environment (IDE) It is the recommended IDE among all IoT development tools This platform's use is simple and convenient d) Mainspring by M2M Labs - It functions as an IoT platform as well as an open source application framework Machine-to-machine (M2M) systems are developed using it, and these systems may be utilized for remote monitoring and fleet Page 20 management Configurable device modeling, data validation and normalization, device configuration, and data retrieval processes are just a few of the functionalities that are provided It is based on Java, NoSQL, Apache, and Cassandra databases e) IoT Platform - It is a general-purpose IoT IDE Included is the integrated debugger It is the best for developing mobile apps and offers a friendly IoT environment for developers A developer can install the IDE as a plugin or as a port on the Atom editor It is compatible with more than 400 embedded boards and contains more than 20 programming frameworks and platforms It has a wonderful UI and is easy to use f) Kinoma - It serves as a platform for hardware prototyping for Marvell semiconductors It enables three different efforts For these projects, there are two items available Element Board by Kinoma, created Electronic and IoT-enabled devices are prototyped using a hardware kit called Kinoma Create A speaker, a microphone, a touch screen, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), built-in Wi-Fi, and other essential auxiliary components are all included in the kit Element Board is the name of the smallest IoT product platform powered by JavaScript It is perfectly suited for applications like smart home technologies, security, automation, and sensors g) Hive device - It is based on Data Art's AllJoyn It is an open-source, free machine-to-machine (M2M) communication framework The greatest platform for developing IoT applications, it was established in 2012 and is widely used It is remote controlled using a cloud-based API regardless of the network configuration Its libraries, protocols, and administration site all have similar restrictions It is perfectly suited for applications like smart home technologies, security, automation, and sensors h) Kaax - It provides whole support for Internet of Things (IoT) devices connected to the cloud Its versatile middleware enables users to build connected apps, IoT applications, and other smart products Open source kit may connect to any hardware, including sensors, gateways, and other devices, because it is "hardware agnostic," in Kaax's words It facilitates cross-platform compatibility and helps developers provide remote firmware updates i) Home Assistant - This open source program is mostly used for Python-based tasks and home automation IoT system control is supported via mobile and desktop browsers It is highly renowned for its slick performance, privacy safeguards, security, and ease of setup Systems using Python can use it j) Net - It offers a full solution for IoT developers It offers services including cloud integration and corporate intelligence k) Raspbian This IDE was created specifically for the Raspberry Pi hardware With the aid of precompiled software, it supports more than 35 000 packages and allows for speedy installation Not the parent company, but IoT tech enthusiasts created it This is presently the finest IDE for working with the Raspberry Pi - As a conclusion, this essay has only covered a small portion of the hardware and tools used in the Internet of Things The developers may research and produce cutting-edge IoT apps and devices with the aid of Page 21 these technologies and hardware You may use these tools to further your IoT profession and advance the IoT development community 4) IOT hardware - IoT IoT hardware can have a variety of components The hardware components that may be employed include low-power boards, single-board processors like the Arduino Uno, which are essentially small boards that can be put into mainboards to enhance and boost their usefulness by bringing forth certain tasks or capabilities (such as GPS, light and heat sensors, or interactive displays) Before constructing a circuit to illustrate how these inputs and outputs interact, a programmer defines the inputs and outputs on a board -The Raspberry Pi is a well-known Internet of Things device that is a tiny, incredibly inexpensive computer that can act as a full-featured web server It is usually referred to as "RasPi," and it has the processing power and memory to run Windows 10 and IoT Core simultaneously Particularly when Python is the programming language, RasPi offers outstanding processing capability - The BeagleBoard is a single-board computer that runs a Linux-based operating system and has an ARM CPU, which is more powerful than the RasPi's For larger-scale manufacturing, Intel's Galileo and Edison boards are also viable options, while Qualcomm has created a range of enterprise-level IoT solutions for anything from cars and cameras to healthcare 5) API in IOT - The term "API" often refers to the standardized resources, protocols, and structures that control the most popular mobile and online apps It describes the communication standards that each application component must follow while sending data -APIs used in the creation of IoT systems are known as IoT APIs They are the web services' application programming interfaces They function similarly and make use of HTTP as a conduit to facilitate easy data exchange Using the IoT API, developers can easily mix complicated apps with other web services -IoT APIs improve the end-user experience in a variety of ways People may easily browse the internet, for instance, and upload a lot of applications Page 22 Figure 07: API in IOT a) IoT's API Types - There are many different IoT APIs available to aid in all facets of IoT development The primary API types are listed in the list below • SOAP - SOAP APIs are necessary for the development of IoT devices because they make it easier to establish a communication channel between servers and clients The API only allows XML to be used for data transport • REST - IoT REST APIs allow HTTP data transmission and keep IoT devices connected to the outside world These architecturally based APIs feature characteristics such as readily manipulable interfaces, quick resource identification during requests, and interface simplicity • XML and JSON - JSON and XML IoT APIs utilize less bandwidth and are a little more conventional than SOAP APIs b) The important role of APIs in the IoT - What makes APIs crucial for IoT and any other device/software is their capacity to efficiently leverage preexisting functionality to ensure seamless software processing while relieving developers of the need to continuously reprogram - Too many actors are involved in the IoT world, which makes regular communication necessary Because it is totally possible to combine different IoT components with one another, the process may be finished utilizing APIs Page 23 - The use of APIs empowers the IoT world and opens up a vast array of new development and integration possibilities - IoT APIs offer unparalleled flexibility, making them excellent tools for technological development - When it comes to cybersecurity, APIs are essential since they provide developers control over access requests This limited and restricted access reduces the likelihood of a DDoS attack - When all of this is considered, it's easy to get to the conclusion that the IoT sector is in danger of collapsing due to decreased productivity and increased security risks c) The benefits of API in IOT - IoT is a well-liked technology that is more likely to stick around than one may think Poor API administration will make it difficult for enterprises and end users to use IoT devices, therefore the degree of API management determines how well these devices are used the following: -Effective management and handling of IoT devices may provide developers the freedom to select which API to use and when to revoke access Developers are permitted to specify one or more connectivity requirements for apps and IoT devices -Continuous API monitoring is a crucial element in the procedure that helps with early identification of any unanticipated caveats and failure risks - It offers a clear picture of the use and value of IoT APIs -Deeper insights into the developer experience with the API may be achieved if one compares the standard experience and offers an end-user experience to find the gaps - It gives details on API scalability, use quotas, and throttling, so IoT programming that has to use an API in an emergency is fully supported - Updating API versions is now easier than ever thanks to good management practices and frequent version releases Page 24 Figure 08: Benefits of API in IOT P4 Determine a specific problem to solve using IoT They are a sizable contractor and are in charge of numerous buildings Despite being a big business, they have a lot of trouble maintaining and dividing up their current inventory For instance, managing the apartment building's common property, controlling who enters and leaves the apartment, and controlling the use of electricity, machinery, labor, and cars In addition, parking is frequently crowded, and when backing up, people frequently cause significant damage to the structure, including destroying bumpers and walls They also have a business center housed in one of the buildings They require a sizable number of individuals to control and direct the parking attendants if they are to stop this Additionally, they wish to modernize their parking lot and the expense of repairing these items is rather high They intend to create a paradigm for automated parking specifically The following requirements must be met by that parking lot: - The sensor is first needed to determine the precise location of the vehicle - It also needs lights to indicate whether the car should move forward or stop - A siren is also necessary to keep people alert while backing up - And an LCD panel to display all of its functions and announcements Furthermore, they not consider cost to be a factor because they accept the investment in the equipment from the beginning mainly because they can recoup the expense of parking Therefore, we will Page 25 create a line of goods tailored especially for each parking place Controlling all cars arriving and leaving will be made possible by this system Its techniques and tools consist of the following: + A complete set will come with three different-colored lightbulbs, an LED display, and a signaling speaker The following is how it functions: - Automobiles may enter immediately or retreat to the parking lot as usual If the space is reserved, the red light will turn on and, even though it is empty, a display next to it will read "Parking." - 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